I-geography yaseRussia: i-EGP esifundeni seVolga

Ngokumelene nesinye sezifunda zezomnotho nezendawo zaseRussia, i-Volga Federal District inezici zayo eziwusizo ikakhulukazi, ezihlanganisa indawo ephakathi kwezindawo zaseYurophu nase-Asia zezwe. Esivame kakhulu esimweni sesimo sokuhamba kahle, isifunda seVolga sibhekwa ngesikhathi esifanayo ne-Urals, endaweni lapho umngcele ophakathi kweYurophu ne-Asia uhamba khona. Ngenombolo enkulu yemingcele, i-EGP yezindawo zokuhlala kanye ne-Volga esifundeni iyafana, kodwa kukhona nokungafani okuphawulekayo. Zombili izifunda zibalulekile kusukela ekuboneni ukuxhumana kwezokuthutha kwezingxenye zezwe ezikude komunye nomunye.

Isifunda se-Volga ehlukene: I-EGP, izimo zemvelo nezinsiza

Isifunda seVolga sisuka enyakatho kuya eningizimu cishe amakhilomitha angaba ngu-1 500, kusukela ekuhlanganiseni kweVolga neNa kuya emlonyeni esifundeni sase-Astrakhan, lapho umfula omkhulu ugeleza khona oLwandle lwaseCaspian.

Ezindaweni eziningi kunesimo esihle sezulu kwezolimo, izitshalo ezivundile noma ze-chernozem zande kakhulu. Kodwa-ke, engxenyeni yalo eseningizimu isimo sezulu siba sebucayi, inhlabathi iyimpofu, kanti ezolimo zithola izici zengozi. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi eningizimu yeVolga, imimoya yama-steppe ephuma e-Central Asia ibusa, nemimoya eyomile ehlobo engabhubhisa sonke isitshalo.

I-EGP esifundeni seVolga: amaminerali

Isimo esifundeni seVolga sinenzuzo ngenxa yokuthi ensimini yayo kunezinhlamvu eziningi ezifana namafutha, igesi, isulfure, usawoti. Futhi singakwazi ukukhuluma ngokusabalalisa ngisho nokusabalalisa kulo lonke i-Volga. Izinkampani zamafutha zisezindaweni zombili zaseTatarstan nase-Astrakhan Oblast.

Kodwa-ke, i-strata-bearing bearing of the region iye yaphela kakhulu ngesikhathi kukhiqizwa futhi yiyona eyesibili ngobukhulu ezweni ngemuva kwesifundazwe samafutha aseNtshonalanga yaseSiberia. Ngaphansi kwalezi zimo, amasimu amasha kagesi asanda kutholakala ayabaluleke kakhulu.

Esinye isisetshenziswa esibalulekile esifundeni seVolga sulfure, amaholo amakhulu asezindaweni zaseSamara, eSaratov nase-Ulyanovsk, kanye naseRiphabhuliki yaseTatarstan. Ngokuyinhloko itholakala kuma-dolomites, ama marley kanye nama-limestone, kanye nama-limestones, okwenza olunye lwezinhlanga ezivame kakhulu esifundeni se-Volga.

Ekuqaleni, ukukhishwa kwesibabule kwenziwa ikakhulukazi ensimini yaseTatarstan. Lokhu kwakungenxa yokujula kwamanzi okulala okubalulekile, okuvame ukuziveza ngokuqondile phezulu noma ngokushesha ngaphansi koqweqwe oluncane lwamadwala onke.

Abantu besifunda

Naphezu kokuthi abantu abaningi esifundeni esikhulu isiRashiya, kuba ngokomlando ngezizwe eziningi, ngezilimi eziningi nangokwemvelo.

Ngomqondo obanzi, isifunda seVolga sinezifunda ezifana neRiphabhuliki yaseMordovia, iTatarstan, iBashkiria, i-Perm Krai, i-Samara, iVolgograd ne-Astrakhan Oblasts, okusho ukuthi inani labantu likhuluma ngezilimi eziningi, ngoba insimu yesifunda yayikhiwe ngezizwe eziningi. Noma kunjalo, isiRashiya sisalokhu lulimi lwabaningi.

Ingqalasizinda yezithuthi

Ngokwalo, i-EGP esifundeni seVolga kufanele isisebenzise ukuthutha, iqondise kokubili kusukela eningizimu kuya enyakatho, futhi kusukela entshonalanga kuya empumalanga. Esifundazweni sezomnotho sasePovolzhsky kunezakhiwo ezinkulu zokuthutha njenge-Astrakhan enechweba layo neKazan esiteshini esikhulu sesitimela.

Futhi endaweni yesifunda kunamapayipi amaningi e-oyile negesi ahambisa izinto ezibonakalayo ezivela eNtshonalanga Siberia kuya emabhizinisini okucubungula aseTatarstan naseBashkiria, lapho akhipha khona.

Enye indlela ebalulekile yokuthutha yokuhambisa izithuthi uMfula iVolga, owamakhulu eminyaka wanikeza ukuxhumana phakathi kwenyakatho ye-East European Plain nesifunda saseCaspian. Ngokusungulwa kwezakhiwo eziningi zamanzi kanye nemisele, ukuhamba ukusuka emazweni afinyelele eLwandle lweCaspian sekuye kwenzeka. Namuhla, amathaya aseCaspian angatholakala kumaBaltic naseNyakatho yolwandle, esebenzisa izinhlelo zokuthutha emigwaqweni yemifula yaseVolga-Baltic no-White Sea-Baltic, kanye nenethiwekhi yamanzi angasese eMoscow.

Izinkinga zemvelo nezixazululo

Noma kunjalo, ukusetshenziswa okusebenzayo kwe-EGP enenzuzo yesifunda seVolga kuye kwabangela ukuthi izinkinga zemvelo zesifunda sezilokhu zibonakala, zibangelwa ukuhamba kwemifula enamandla kanye nenani elikhulu lamabhizinisi asezimbonini emabhange.

Namuhla, umbuzo wokulawulwa ngokweqile komkhumbi we-Volga, owaholwa ukwakhiwa okusebenzayo kwamadamu eziteshini zamandla kagesi phakathi nangekhulu lama-20, ulokhu ukhula nakakhulu.

Ngakho-ke, ukuhlukanisa i-EGP esifundeni seVolga ngokusho kwepulani, kufanelekile ukukhuluma ngalezi zici ezilandelayo:

• Ukuhlukahluka kwemithombo yemvelo;
• Ukuhamba kwezimoto emigwaqweni emikhulu yezindlela zokuthutha ezibalulekile;
• Isimo sezulu esithandekayo;
• Ingqalasizinda yezokuthutha ephakeme kakhulu.