I thutheleka fula oLwandle iCaspian: Uhlu, incazelo, izici kanye nemvelo

ICaspian Sea - omunye amanzi usawoti ngobukhulu Zomhlaba, zilapho kuhlangana waseYurophu nase-Asia. endaweni kwayo ngokuphelele kuyinto abantu kungathi izinkulungwane 370 square metres. km. Reservoir 100 uthola imifudlana yamanzi ngaphezulu. Imifula ngobukhulu egeleza phakathi iCaspian Sea - iVolga, Ural, Emba, Terek, Sulak, Samur, Kura, Atrek, Sefidrud.

NoMfula iVolga - iparele Russia

IVolga - umfula ogeleza eRussia, ngokwengxenye kweqa Kazakhstan. It iwela isigaba emifula ngobukhulu futhi ezinde kunazo zonke emhlabeni. Ubude isamba iVolga ingaphezu 3500 km. Umfula kuvela edolobhaneni Volgoverkhovye Tver esifundeni, ise Valdai Hills. Ngemva kwalokho, ke uqhubekela endaweni WaseRussia.

UMfula iVolga agelezela oLwandle iCaspian, kodwa ayinakho ukufinyelela ngqo olwandle, ngakho-ke kungokwalabo ukugeleza yangaphakathi. Wamanzi kuthatha cishe 200 nemingenela futhi ine kuka-150 tysyach emiseleni. Namuhla, ku amadamu emfuleni eyakhelwe ukulawula ukugeleza, kanjalo sanciphisa kangcono ezingeni amanzi iyehla iyenyuka.

ukudoba River wehlukile. Ngo ikhabe iVolga evelele: Field matasa izitshalo zezimboni nokusanhlamvu; usawoti misela. Emkhakheni Urals wathola uwoyela negesi Amasimu. IVolga - emfuleni ngobukhulu ithela kulo yoLwandle iCaspian, ngakho-ke kubaluleke kakhulu eRussia. The main isakhiwo ezokuthutha, okuvumela ukuwela ukusakaza, kuyinto uMongameli Ibhuloho. He is omude kunayo yonke e-Russia.

Urals - umfula eMpumalanga Yurophu

Urals, kanye noMfula iVolga notshwala endaweni lamazwe amabili - Kazakhstan kanye Russian Federation. Igama zomlando - Yaik. It kuvela ekhatsi Bashkortostan phezu yokhalo Uraltau. Ural River agelezela oLwandle iCaspian. ukubhukuda wayo ichibi lesithupha ngobukhulu e-Russian Federation futhi le ndawo ingaphezu 230 square metres. km. Eqinisweni ezithakazelisayo: eMfuleni Ural, ngokuphambene nenkolelo evamile, libhekisela emfuleni yangaphakathi aseYurophu, futhi kuphela phezulu zamanje salo eRussia kungokwalabo Asia.

Umlomo wamanzi kancane kancane angashoni. Kuleli qophelo, umfula ihlukane amagatsha amaningana. Lesi sici nobuntu ubude lonke yesiteshi. Phakathi izikhukhula kungabhekwa njengokuvikela Urals aphume lidla izindwani, isimiso, njengabanye emifuleni eminingi Russian ithela kulo yoLwandle iCaspian. Lokhu kubonakala ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ugu engajulile. Izikhukhula kwenzeka at ibanga 7 amamitha ukusuka embhedeni emfuleni.

Emba - Kazakhstan River

Emba - umfula ogeleza ensimini ka-Republic of Kazakhstan. Kwafika igama elivela olimini Turkmen, ngokwezwi nezwi ehunyushwa ngokuthi njengoba "isigodi ukudla." Lo mgodi ka 40,000 square metres. km. Umfula iqala uhambo lwayo ezintabeni Mugodzhary futhi egeleza we ukucindezeleka iCaspian, walahlekelwa emaxhaphozini. Umangele imifula iyangena yoLwandle iCaspian, singasho ukuthi ngesikhathi Emba ifinyelela umcengezi yayo ogeleza egcwele.

Kuwo wonke umugqa ugu lomfula kokuba isikhishiwe izinsiza zemvelo ezifana uwoyela negesi. Umbuzo ka umngcele phakathi eYurophu nase-Asia wamanzi Emba, njengoba kwaba njalo endabeni ka-p. Urals, vula isihloko namuhla. Isizathu salokhu iyisici yemvelo: ezintabeni Ural Ukhahlamba, okuyizinto inkomba esiyinhloko imingcele zinyamalale, ukwakha indawo eyohlobo.

Terek - ekusakazeni amanzi entabeni

Terek - emfuleni North eCaucasus. Igama ngokoqobo uhumusha kusuka Turkish ngokuthi "Poplar". Terek ogeleza usuka yeqhwa kweNtaba Zilga-Hoch, elise Trusovsky Caucasian yokhalo esigodini. Umbhede umfula ligijima ezweni uthi abaningi: North Ossetia, Georgia, laseStavropol Territory, Kabardino-Balkaria, Dagestan futhi Chechnya. It agelezela oLwandle iCaspian kanye iGulf of Uyingelosi Enkulu. Ubude emfuleni kancane angaphezu kuka-600 km, swimming pool indawo ecishe ibe yizinkulungwane 43 sq. M. km. Kuvele Eqinisweni ezithakazelisayo njalo ngemva kweminyaka engu 60-70, ukugeleza yakha emikhonweni entsha zokuthutha umphakathi ngesikhathi kuzanywa amandla akhe futhi zinyamalale.

Terek, njengabanye thutheleka fula oLwandle iCaspian, sisetshenziswa kabanzi ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezidingo zomnotho lomuntu: isetshenziswa sinisele ezindaweni ezinesomiso emathafeni eduze. Futhi ekusakazeni aqueous kukhona HPP eziningana, inani isilinganiso ukukhiqizwa yonyaka ka kwezigidi ezingu-200 kilowatt • h. Esikhathini esizayo esiseduze sihlela ukuqalisa iziteshi ezengeziwe.

Sulac - ekusakazeni aqueous Dagestan

Sulak - emfuleni exhumanisa ukugeleza Koisu Avar futhi Andes Koisu. Kuthatha indawo ensimini ka Dagestan. Qala ukuthatha Main Sulak canyon futhi iphela isendleleni emanzini yoLwandle iCaspian. Injongo eyinhloko amanzi emfuleni ephakathi kwamadolobha amabili Dagestan - Makhachkala futhi Kaspiysk. Futhi phezu komfula kakade has iziteshi eziningana amandla kagesi, ke uhlela ukwethula entsha sokulifunda nakakhulu amandla okukhipha.

Samur - iparele Southern Dagestan

Samur - River, zibalwa lesibili ngobukhulu e Dagestan. Ngokwezwi nezwi, igama Indo-Aryan kusho "amanzi amaningi." Qala ngamapiki zakho phansi Guton; emanzini iCaspian Sea agelezela izingalo ezimbili - kanye Small Samur Samur. Ubude ingqikithi emfuleni kancane phezu km 200.

Zonke thutheleka fula oLwandle iCaspian, ibalulekile ngoba kule nsimu, okwenzeka. Samur iyathinteka. Iphuzu ezogxila kulo ukusetshenziswa ezweni ngenkasa emfuleni kanye nokuhlinzekwa izakhamuzi nemizi eseduze amanzi okuphuza. Kungenxa yokuthi lokhu sekwakhiwe futhi eziningi emifula engayitholi izakhiwo Samur-Devechi siteshi.

Ekuqaleni kwekhulu lamashumi amabili (2010), Russia nase-Azerbaijan yasayina isivumelwano phakathi kwemibuso ezidinga zombili izinhlangothi ukusetshenziswa okunengqondo umnotho River Samur. Lesi sivumelwano nazo ezifakwe izinguquko indawo phakathi kwalawa mazwe amabili. Umngcele phakathi ezimbili uthi iyiswe phakathi imisele yamanzi.

Kura - emfuleni ngobukhulu e Transcaucasia

Umangele imifula iyangena yoLwandle iCaspian, ngifuna ukuchaza ukugeleza Kuru. Yena wabe phansi lamazwe amathathu: Turkey, Georgia ne-Azerbaijan. Ubude ukugeleza kuka-1000 km, endaweni ingqikithi umcengezi mayelana 200 sq. M. km. Ingxenye pool isendaweni indawo ye-Armenia ne-Iran. Umthombo emfuleni itholakala esifundazweni Turkish of Kars, uthululela emanzini iCaspian Sea. Indlela is emfuleni olunameva, wabeka phakathi agcwalise futhi nemihosha, okuyiwona wona lethiwa, okuhunyushwa kusuka Mingrelian ulimi ngokulusebenzisa ichaza "zidla", okungukuthi, Kura - umfula, "badla" uvumele phakathi kwezintaba.

It has emadolobheni amaningi, njenge Borjomi, Tbilisi, Mtskheta nabanye. It adlala indima ebalulekile ekubhekaneni nezidingo zomnotho we abahlala kula madolobha kokuba zokudoba, izitshalo Hydropower zitholakala, futhi busekelwe eMfuleni Mingechevir samanzi ingenye ezibaluleke kakhulu fresh imithombo yamanzi e-Azerbaijan. Ngeshwa, isimo emvelweni of ukugeleza ayiyinhle: ezingeni izinto eziyingozi izikhathi eziningana mkhulu kunezinhliziyo imikhawulo kwezinkambiso kuvunyelwe.

Izici Atrek

Atrek - umfula, elise ensimini ka-Iran Turkmenistan. It zivela e-Turkmen-Kharasan ezintabeni. Ngenxa wokusetshenziswa okusebenzayo kulelikhaya idinga ukunisela, umfula baba umhlaba engajulile. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, ukuze yoLwandle iCaspian, efika ngesikhathi uzamcolo kuphela.

Sefidrud - uvamela iCaspian emfuleni

Sefidrud - emfuleni elikhulu isimo Iranian. Ekuqaleni kwakhiwa ukusakaza ukuhlanganisa amabili amanzi - Kyzyluzen futhi Shakhrud. Manje kusobala kusukela Shabanau ichibi futhi agelezela iCaspian Sea ukujula. Ubude ingqikithi emfuleni km kuka 700. Ukudalwa kwesigubhu uye edingekayo. Kungenzeka ukunciphisa izingozi yezikhukhula, kanjalo okuvikela umuzi ise delta lomfula. Amanzi isetshenziswa ukuze nginisele izwe endaweni Imininingwane esingaphezu kwezinkulungwane 200. Amahektha komhlaba.

Njengoba singabona endabeni, izinsiza amanzi Zomhlaba zisesimweni esibi. I thutheleka fula oLwandle iCaspian, ngenkuthalo esetshenziswa indoda ukwanelisa izidingo zakhe. Futhi lokhu kuba nomthelela ongemuhle ngesimo sazo nemifula mpilo futhi, nalihlambalaza. Yingakho ososayensi emhlabeni wonke okuzwakalisa inhlabamkhosi nokuziphatha inkulumo-ze asebenzayo, ukushaya ugcine futhi ukonga amanzi Emhlabeni.