Kuyini eqanjiwe, umlando walo okwamanje

Impendulo yombuzo kuyini temibhalo yephrozi netindzaba, cishe atholakala umsuka izincwadi zasendulo. Ngo bendabuko izincwadi lasendulo Greece yimuphi umbhalo wobuciko ngokuthi izinkondlo. Ngo art ngesiGreki nomqondo omuhle, kwezobuciko, wayezimisele ngokuqinile ihlanganiswe ne isigqi. Ngakho-ke, iningi imisebenzi ezincwadini zesiGreki sasendulo kwakungekaNkulunkulu izinkondlo. Ngokukhamba kwesikhathi sizokufunda ihlelwe atishaye, ebizwa ngokuthi "vesi inkulumo ethi", ngokungafani kuya neritmizirovannoy inkulumo. Ngo abazolandela futhi abalandeli isiko lwesiGreki sakuqala, amaRoma asendulo, yabe seyaziwa ngokuthi "temibhalo yephrozi netindzaba» (prōsa). Uyini temibhalo yephrozi netindzaba ezincwadini WamaRoma? Kuyinto inkulumo ekhululekile, isigqi ayixhunyiwe nokuphindaphinda.

Kunengqondo ukuphetha ngokuthi kukhona umbandela kucace ukuthi ichaza imiqondo, kodwa empeleni eliyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu. Eyiqiniso kanye izinkondlo akudingeki imingcele ecacile. Kube eqanjiwe ngokuqondile, kungekho isigqi, kodwa ngobugebengu ku mavesi, like izinkondlo, okuyinto iqanjwe "evesini blank". Ngakolunye uhlangothi, Rhythmic, ngemigqa ahambisana, umlobi wabhekisela temibhalo yephrozi netindzaba, ngisho kanye onesigqi. Ngakho-ke yini eqanjiwe?

Phakathi imisebenzi ezincwadini zesiGreki sasendulo ngaphezu izinkondlo namaprozi izinhlobo babe imisebenzi yobuciko, ezifana enganekwaneni inganekwane, legend comedy. Abazange basonta izinkondlo nezincwadi bebonke, ngoba le nkolelo-ze bamkhonza inkolo, indaba kwaba ukuhluza, lesiko - tindzaba temlandvo letingasilo liciniso, amahlaya is ukuhlekisa base imizwelo engokwemvelo, it fanele kuze izinjabulo zezwe. A amaphepha ukucwaninga kwesayensi, izinkulumo of izikhulumi nabezombusazwe babe izinhlobo nephrozi sebesebenzisa izincwadi zokuzisiza.

Singaphetha ngokuthi yasendulo, Roman, bese ku-European medieval isiko temibhalo yephrozi netindzaba izinkondlo sasaziswa ngezansi. izinhlobo Eyiqiniso njengoba amalungu omkhaya noma izincwadi lesibonwa, okuyinto akanayo value kwezobuciko. Nakuba izinkondlo kuyancomeka futhi ibhekwa njengendawo enhle kwezobuciko.

Engxenyeni izinguquko Ephakathi emphakathini yesibili sezishiye izitayela ezintsha ezincwadini. Kancane kancane izinkondlo ilahlekelwa isimo salo nelungelo. Ngenxa ukuthuthukiswa ngokushesha wezoHwebo ukhule futhi athuthukiswe isiko, amakilasi ezahlukene emphakathini mnandi hhayi izinkondlo izinhlobo temibhalo yephrozi netindzaba, amafomu amasha ezifana inoveli indaba emfushane. With ukuthuthukiswa temibhalo yephrozi netindzaba inoveli kancane kancane kwakhiwa. izintandokazi ezindala, okusezingeni eliphezulu izinhlobo olusankondlo, hhayi ngokushesha ulahlekelwe isikhundla salo ehamba phambili, ziphansi kuso kancane kancane, futhi namanje bahlale izincwadi.

Ekhulwini XIX, akukho nokuncane ukungabaza ukuthi temibhalo yephrozi netindzaba ezinjalo. Abalobi babe babhali ehola bo sebenzi are eyaziwa kahle futhi sasimthanda umphakathi. Ziyakwazi izibalo ezibalulekile yenqubo tetemibhalo, uzilalele yomphakathi. Ngo okungcono temibhalo yephrozi netindzaba usebenza ukuphasa ifike ngokuvamile aphakeme, lapho kungenzeka nokuba senyukele zangenkathi wokubusa izinkondlo kuphela Abadali oluvelele izinkondlo, izigemegeme izinkondlo.

Ekupheleni kwekhulu XX, kanye ubuciko izincwadi kuyinkimbinkimbi futhi lonke. Uqala ancintisane empilweni yangempela. Inhloso yayo washintsha, akuseyona ukuphindaphinda ukuphila futhi iqala ukuba balingise ngokoqobo ngendlela yalo, udala imodeli entsha izincwadi. It uthola igama "izincwadi postmodern."

izincwadi Traditional uye wanda umfanekiso umfundi mayelana nezwe kanye nemvelo umuntu angikho ngaphakathi. Yasungulelwa ukunikeza nomthelela omuhle ngabanye kanye nomphakathi, ukuthuthukisa izwe futhi indoda, ennobling umphefumulo, ukuthuthukiswa ubuhle nezici zokuziphatha.

Modern temibhalo yephrozi netindzaba isiRashiya, njengoba kunjalo nangazo zonke izincwadi zanamuhla akuhloselwe ulwazi futhi ushintshe jikelele. It uvame ukuba imodi yokudlala wempilo lembhali. Ngokusho abalobi abaningi wesimanje, izincwadi, temibhalo yephrozi netindzaba futhi ikakhulukazi, walahlekelwa ilungelo ukufundisa ukuphila yomunye.