Izmailovo Cathedral, St Pterburge: ikheli, incazelo, izindawo zokukhulekela izithombe

Njalo umhlali Northern Capital uzokutshela lapho ngokubabazekayo ezimhlophe Izmailovo Cathedral. Ikheli elikhulu kunawo wonke-Orthodox ezweni lakithi: Petersburg, Izmailovsky ithemba, isakhiwo lwesikhombisa. Ngemva inguquko, abangcolileyo, kodwa manje savuka ngokugcwele, Cathedral ubizwa kufanele kubhekwe iwuphawu Russian isimo Russian.

Umlando sokudalwa

Uma libalele efudumele ngoMeyi 1828, ukukhala of izinsimbi ebukhoneni Empress Maria Kwabikwa ukuthi Petersburg, wabeka lombhishobhi. Zintathu Church, ukuPhila Guards Izmailovo Regiment ungoyedwa ongazazi ukunqotshwa, ithempeli ayenenjongo ekhethekile. Imperial ukwakheka wezempi kwadingeka emasontweni abo, kodwa ngenxa yokuthi amasosha nezikhulu kwadingeka ukuba khona kwezinye ezifundeni. Isinqumo ukwakha isonto itshe wathatha uMbusi uNicholas I. Kwakuphakathi isicelo sakhe zintathu Cathedral, Saint Petersburg kwakufanele Izindlwana ezintathu, bese ubamba kuze kufinyelele abantu abayizinkulungwane ezintathu.

Ukwakhiwa ephethwe ngabantu abathathu: Umbusi, umlobi wezakhiwo iphrojekthi Vasily Stasov futhi unjiniyela uPetru Bazin, owayehola Petersburg Committee izakhiwo. Nicholas mina baqondisa inqubo ukwakhiwa, yena amaphrojekthi mathupha sivunyiwe.

Ukwakhiwa lombhishobhi kwakunzima okwanele. Lapho divayisi sagibela isisekelo kabili mbundu kuka ekuqaleni obekulindelekile. Ground-limestone slabs zibekwe, ingxenye engezansi izindonga zangaphandle - egwadle namakholomu - ngezitini.

imibono yezakhiwo

Yakhelwe zintathu Cathedral, Saint Petersburg iminyaka eyisikhombisa eside. Ekuthuthukiseni iphrojekthi, umakhi Stasov wathatha njengesisekelo umqondo ngokunqoba Russia nebutho lalo. Cathedral ngokubabazekayo Ubukhulu bayo Amazing kwaba yesibili kuphela ethempelini St-Isaka, elakhiwa emhlabeni ngesikhathi esifanayo. Ngokuya ngalolu hlelo, impahla kuyinto cross equilateral nge non-bendabuko ngobungcweti bokwakhiwa kwezindlu ilungiselelo Russian emakhanda: babengamaqhawe izimbazo ukuwela. Okuthwesa umqhele womusa ukwakhiwa isigubhu omkhulu emaphakathi wabusa sonke isakhiwo. Cathedral kwadingeka Izindlwana ezintathu, zazo induna sanikezelwa zintathu Ongcwele, eningizimu - St UMariya Magdalena, North - St USanta uJohane Warrior.

ukutholakala

Lwamashumi amabili nanhlanu ngosuku Meyi 1835, umqhele ethempelini. umsindo izinsimbi Ekuseni ngovivi imakwe vodoosvyascheniya nama-altare bese Archimandrite Neil busisa. Asebukhosini wavakashela Izmailovo Cathedral Petersburg ngosuku olufanayo kusihlwa, sengibuyile eMoscow. Sire, ku lihlolwa ithempeli, umakhi waveza umusa wakhe. Ukwakhiwa esikhathi Holy Trinity Cathedral ukalwe njengoba omunye impumelelo enkulu bokwakha yasekhaya. Namuhla ukubona Menze amakholwa hhayi kuphela abavela emagumbini ezikude kakhulu ezweni lethu, kodwa futhi kusukela emhlabeni wonke Orthodox.

incazelo

Namuhla lombhishobhi at Izmailovo Avenue - omkhulu wokwakha emihlanu oluyingungu, okuyinto has ezine kuvulandi emhlophe ye-oda laseKorinte. Yena, njengoba yayihloselwe, kungaba abantu abangaphezu kuka eziyizinkulungwane ezintathu. Blue Dome ebonakalayo ngisho amakhilomitha amabili ukusuka edolobheni. Kuthathwa esingesesibili ngobukhulu e-Europe. Dome Ngokhuni kwaba ngo-1834 wadala onjiniyela P. Melnikov P. Bazin.

Ngo-1836, unyaka ezindongeni lombhishobhi sakha zingcwecwe zemabula. Basuke eziqoshwe amagama nezikhonzi Imperial Regiment abalala e izimpi Austerlitz, ngesikhathi Friedland, Borodino futhi Kulm.

Izmailovsky Cathedral yakhiwa kuleli isitayela Empire. ukuphakama kwalo imayelana ayisishiyagalombili amamitha. Blue Dome zaveza ngegolide izinkanyezi. I mbumbulu ahlotshiswe amane nesithupha ikholamu kompheme ne friezes sculptural. Esikhathini niches kukhona imifanekiso zethusi zezingelosi. Bakhandwa owenziwa umqophi S. Galberga. Ngenhla frieze wasebenza Leppe abadumile.

ingaphakathi

Izmailovo Cathedral libanzi futhi egqamile. Umuzwa isikhala wadala ngenxa izici wezangaphakathi. Amashumi amabili nane usinamathelise eKorinte ikholomu "kuvuselwa phezulu" umgqomo Dome main, zalungisa rosettes caissons. Kubonakala sengathi kwakubonakala uzulazula emoyeni.

Futhi amakholomu nezinsika zenziwa eyenziwe ngemabula. Ekuqaleni, bacelwa ukuba amboze plain white usimende ingcina upende, kodwa nobuholi be-ibutho wanxusa imvume oblitsevat kubo.

Dome Small on isizinda blue zaveza ngegolide izinkanyezi, enzelwe ukuthi adale Dome Interiors. Komunye wayo ahlelwe ezibaziweyo iconostasis. Ekuqaleni kwaba udonga oyindilinga. Namuhla, i-iconostasis, ngeshwa, kancane zonakale. Nadprestolnaya kombhede ixazululwe lulwimi Rotunda amakholomu amane. Yena ezibaziweyo iconostasis sokhuni Ukwakheka jikelele.

Ngu Nicholas ukungcweliswa ethempelini nganikeza izitsha jade ezenziwe ngegolide, pyx ithempeli elinamakholomu ukusika agathe pink. Bronze Iqhwa ezintathu-tiered, wenza ngo-1865, ulahlwa le forties kwekhulu elidlule, isikhathi uZiqu-zintathu Cathedral, Saint Petersburg yavalwa.

amathempelana

Leli thempeli kuyinto isithonjana zintathu Ongcwele lasendulo. Kuthathwa omdala phakathi kwazo zonke etholakala amasonto Petersburg. Isithombe sidalwe phezu angamakhulu ayisithupha edlule - ku 1406, unyaka. Yena ine phetho emangalisayo: emva kwempi, iziphathimandla zaseSoviet zadla ke. Isithonjana wathunyelwa Tretyakov Gallery, bese bethengiswa kwiqoqo yangasese e-United States. Ekuqaleni enkulungwaneni isithombe yathengwa kusukela endalini Christie. Phakathi iminyaka engamakhulu amathathu weminyaka Petersburg, uMongameli Putin isithonjana kwaba lombhishobhi isipho.

Izinkulungwane zamakholwa minyaka ukuza Petersburg uvakashele Izmailovo Cathedral ukuba bakhulekele oxbow Matrona eMoscow. Kukulo muzi lapho njalo ku izinsalela abesifazane esibusisekile ubudala. Abantu wamtshela ngokuthile zaso futhi njengoba kufakazelwa impendulo ngokushesha uthole izimpendulo zayo yonke imibuzo yakho ku imithandazo eqotho.

Izakhamuzi zenhloko-dolobha enyakatho ukwazi ukuthi umkhaya ojabulayo ukuza lombhishobhi at Izmailovo Avenue kanye nokunxusa ebusweni izinsalela St .. UPetru No Fevronia of Murom, lapho nsuku zonke kukhona umthandazo.

Ithempeli inesithombe esiyingqayizivele. Lokhu kuxhumana isithonjana. Xenia ka Petersburg. Kufanele ukuthi imifanekiso lapho cishe wonke amabandla unina esibusisekile sika Petersburg, kodwa ukuba Izmailovo Cathedral zaveza Girvelya futhi iyona vivo ekumeni lokuqala abesifazane ubudala.

Ukuze nomunye ongcwele kaNkulunkulu agcwaliswa ethembekileyo umthandazo. Lena Nikolay Chudotvorets. I Izmailovo Cathedral egcinwe kanye izithombe ezimbili. Omunye wabo - isithonjana St. ne izigcawu kusuka ekuphileni kwakhe, kanti eyesibili - ekusithekeni.

umsebenzi

Ngo-April 1996, i-Rector waqokwa Archpriest Gennady Bartov. Leli thempeli kuSonto-sikole. Amakilasi abadala aphethwe ngeMigqibelo ngaphambi kwenkonzo kusihlwa. Sikolo bemthanda ayeke ukuza esontweni. Ithempeli uhlela uhambo njalo Israyeli, nezindawo ezingcwele Petersburg esifundeni, ezinyathelweni abangcwele abaningi.

amaqiniso ezithakazelisayo

Ngo-1867 e-Izmailovo Cathedral F. Dostoevsky ngishade A. Snitkina. Lapha umngcwabo kulo umqambi wezingoma odumile u-Anton Rubinstein.

Lapho ngo-1938 esontweni lombhishobhi yavalwa, kwanqunywa ukuba uvule izindonga zawo lapho kushiswa khona izidumbu edolobheni. Ngenhlanhla, lezi zinhlelo ezingazange zifinyelelwe. Nokho, leli thempeli namanje yasala dengwane, njengoba isakhiwo yayisetshenziswa njengesikhungo esitolo zemifino. Ngemva kokuphela kweMpi Yezwe II ngo lombhishobhi waqala emikhulu imisebenzi. isakhiwo mbumbulu usubuyiselwe. Imisebenzi kwaqedwa sixties kwekhulu elidlule, kodwa ingaphakathi isonto kwaba esimweni esibi.

Ngo-2006, e-sesonto yalo ivuthe umlilo phakathi inkonzo kusihlwa. Wabhubhisa Dome main futhi ezilimele omunye Abancane. Besonto wasiza ukudlula aphume esakhiweni esivuthayo zonke izinto, imifanekiso, Nokho, altarpieces abaningana balimala. Uhulumeni Petersburg phezu ithempeli lizovuselelwa labelwa ruble eziyikhulu million.

Zintathu Cathedral, Saint Petersburg, futhi isimo endaweni lokunqoba yayo ikholomu - enkazimulweni lesikhumbuzo babehamba phambili ohlwini ngokufa we zomlando ensembles isonto lempi amahle kakhulu ezweni lethu. Ithempeli inenani sikahulumeni. Ungomunye zibona lezi zindawo mlando ezine yacwila Petersburg ne Cathedral St-Isaka, Admiralty futhi uPetru noPawulu Fortress.