Kolomenskoye. Isigodlo saseTsar Alexei Mikhailovich eKolomenskoye

Insimu yaseMoscow yaseKolomenskoye yayingumnikazi wezinhlanzi zaseRussia. Manje le ndawo yindawo ye-State Architectural Reserve. Ezindaweni ezinkulu zamahektha angamakhulu amane zitholakala emadolobheni angaphansi komhlaba kanye namasonto, kanye namakhosikazi: indlu kaPeter the Great, athunyelwa lapha evela e-Arkhangelsk, futhi empeleni, izindlu zama-tsars aseRussia - u-Alexei Mikhailovich, abizwa ngegama elithi Tishaishim noFyodor Alekseevich. Ingxenye enkulu yendawo yokugcina ipaki kanye nemvelo engahlosiwe: imifula, ihlathi. Engxenyeni yaseningizimu-mpumalanga, iya emgodini woMfula iMoskva. Ngakho-ke ungakwazi ukuhamba ngesigodlo seTsar eKolomenskoye emkhunjini wokuzijabulisa. Kuhle ukubuka lapha phakathi nemikhosi yeKhisimusi noma iShrovetide. Khona-ke eKolomenskoye kukhona ukubukwa kwezemidlalo, ukushayela kanye nezinye izinto zokuzijabulisa. Kukhona amasonto amaningana asendulo emkhakheni wezinqolobane. Kodwa kulesi sihloko sizogxila ikakhulukazi esigodlweni sama-tsars aseRussia.

Umlando omncane

Izikhulu zaseRussia zathanda uKolomna. Isigodlo sasimi kule ndawo ngekhulu leshumi nane. Ngakho-ke, indawo yakuleli dolobha yayihlotshiswe ngamasonto "esikalini esikhulu". Isibonelo, iBasil III yakhiwa ngo-1532 ithempeli lethempelini le- Ascension. Wahlala eKolomna no-Ivan the Terrible. IziKronike zithi lapha, esigodlweni sakhe, wagubha usuku. Kodwa le ndawo yayikuthanda kakhulu uTsar Mikhail Fedorovich. Walalela ukwandisa indlu, empeleni, ukwakha isigodlo esisha endaweni yakudala. NgoSeptemba 17, 1640 inkosi yagubha ne-boyars housewarming. Le ndawo yathandana nendlalifa, u-Alexei Mikhailovich. Umzingeli wokuhlasela, wavakashela ngokuphindaphindiwe leli zwe yokuhlala. Lapho efika esihlalweni sobukhosi, waqala ukwakhiwa okusha.

Kolomenskoye: isigodlo sase-Alexei Mikhailovich

Kusukela ngo-1649-1650, futhi ngo-1657, i-tsar yayinezakhiwo ezintsha kubantu abadala - ngesikhathi sokuzalwa kwezingane. Kodwa kwakungalungile. I-tsar yayifuna ukudala ukuhlanganiswa okuphelele, hhayi uhlelo lwezindlu ezixhunywe yizinguquko. Ngo-1667, itje lokuqala lafakwa ekwakhiweni kwalokho okwakusesikhathini esizayo esibizwa ngokuthi "isimangaliso sesishiyagalombili sezwe." Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi isigodlo sase-Alexei Mikhailovich eColomenskoye sakhiwe abantu abavamile - ababazi uSemyon Petrov no-Ivan Mikhailov. Ngemva konyaka, ukuqedwa kwezindonga zamapulangwe, amafasitela kanye nama-facades ngokudweba okunzulu kwaqala. Entwasahlobo ka-1669, izinto zokuqedela (igolide nepeyinti) zathunyelwa ngaphandle, futhi inkosi ngokwakhe yayingumArmenian wasePersia Bogdan Saltanov. Ukuqapha umdwebo womdwebo wezithombe uSimon Ushakov. Umdwebo wokwakhiwa kanye nezindonga, ukwakhiwa kwamatende kwaphela cishe iminyaka emibili. Ekugcineni, ngo-1673 inkosi yase-Armory Chamber, uPeter Vysotsky, yafaka iwashi embhoshongweni wesango futhi yahlela i-mechanic yezingonyama ezingenayo.

Ukuhlelwa kabusha kwe-Fyodor Alekseevich

Ngemva kokufa kweThishashi, i-tsar entsha yathatha uKolomenskoye. Indlu yavuselelwa kabusha. U-Fyodor Alekseevich wayala ukwakhiwa kwe-refectory entsha, ehlanganiswe namagumbi omuntu we-Tsar yi-gallery. Leli gumbi lokudlela lakhiwa nguSerf boyar uSheremetyev Semen Dementiev. Kwakhona kwakhiwa "iSango Lasegolide", lapho kungekho khona iZar eKolomenskoye bebefakwe ngendwangu ukuze bangapheli. Ukulungiswa kwezingonyama ezibukhali esihlalweni sobukhosi, ukuhlobisa kwangaphandle kanye nokungaphakathi kwakwenziwa. Ukubuyiselwa kwaqedwa entwasahlobo ka-1682. Enye eminye iminyaka emibili belokhu bezama ukulungisa izakhiwo, ukuhlobisa uphahla nokudweba izakhiwo. Ngenxa yokuhlubuka kwabacibisholo, izindlu zakhiwe ukuvikelwa komuntu siqu - izikhumulo eziyishumi nesithupha kuphela. Ngo-1685, amasango okungena aqiniswa nge-English tin kanye ne-iron, kwakhiwa amawashi amasha.

I-Epoch kaPeter Omkhulu noKolomna

Isigodlo, ngokudluliselwa kwenhloko eSt. Petersburg, kancane kancane saqala ukwehla. Izinkuni akuyona impahla enamandla kakhulu. Ama-Empresses alandela nawo akazange akhokhele ukunakekelwa okwanele kuleli zwe lokuhlala. U-Anna Ioannovna, noma kunjalo, wamyala ukuba agcinwe "enkonzweni enhle", kodwa akazange ahlukane nokwethula izimali kulokhu. Ekwindla ka-1762 uCatherine II wavakashela Kolomenskoye. Walalela ukulinganisa ukulungiswa. Le dokhumenti ivezwe ngo-1764. Kodwa umbusi esikhundleni sokuvuselelwa kabusha wayala ukwakha isigodlo esisha endaweni yesakhiwo sezomnotho esiphumele. Ngo-May 1767, uCatherine waziswa ukuthi izitebhisi nezindawo zokuphahla zaqala ukuqhuma ezindlini ezindala. Khona-ke umbusi wayala ukuba aqede isigodlo sase-Alexei Mikhailovich eKolomenskoye, nendawo - ukuhlanza. Usuku oluqondile lokubhujiswa alukwazi. I-Karamzin "Empofu Liza" (1792) ikhuluma ngomzana waseKolomenskoye enegodlo eliphezulu. Esakhiweni se-chorus yamapulangwe wakha isakhiwo sezitezi ezine ngesitayela se-classicism. Kodwa ngisho nangemva kwekhulu leminyaka kwabhujiswa.

I-Kolomenskoye Museum

Ukubuyiselwa kwesayithi lesimlando kwaqala ngesinyathelo somvuseleli odumile uP. Baranovsky. Wasikisela ngo-1923 ukuba ahlele ensimini ye-former estate ye-Tsars yaseRussia umyuziyamu ovulekile ozinikezelwe ekwakhiweni kwezinkuni zaseRussia. Lokhu kuchaza ukuba khona kukaPetru Omkhulu eKolomna. Kulo, iReforming Tsar yayihlala esiqhingini saseMarkov cishe izinyanga ezimbili, ngokulandela uqobo lwenkambiso yokuzivikela e-Arkhangelsk. I-Baranovsky yabuyisela indawo yangaphakathi yendlu, iMokhovaya Tower of Sumy Ostrog, amasango eSonto laseMninimandla waseSt. Nicholas-Korelsky, iSonto LaseSt. George eliNqobayo kanye nezinye izikhumbuzo zezinto zokwakha zokhuni. Kancane kancane waqala ukuvuselela nezinye izakhiwo ezihlobene ngokuqondile Kolomenskoye: Vodovzvodnuyu umbhoshongo, egumbini likaFryazhsky kanye nesonto likaSt. George ne-bell tower. Futhi ngo-1990 kwakukhona umqondo wokubuyisela kabusha isigodlo sasehlobo sika- Alexei Mikhailovich.

Ukwakhiwa kabusha

Nakuba izindlu zasebukhosini zekhulu leshumi nesikhombisa zaqedwa ngokuphelele ebusweni bomhlaba, kwasala izinhlamvu eziningi zemidwebo nemidwebo, okuyinto imininingwane yokuhlobisa kwangaphakathi nangaphandle kwalesi "isimangaliso sesishiyagalombili sezwe." Ngaphezu kwalokho, imidwebo yabakhi bamakamelo obukhosi aye agcinwe . Njengoba ama-oak ezindala kanye nama-linden asekhulile kakade esakhiweni sesigodlo, kunqunywe ukuvuselela isakhiwo kwenye indawo, eduze, edolobheni laseDyakovskoe. Ukulungiswa kwaqedwa ngo-2010. Igodlo lezinkuni lika-Alexei Mikhailovich lafakwa esikhundleni sesakhiwo sokukhonkolo esakhiwe ngezingodo. Naphezu kokuthi wayishintshe indlela yokuqala eya emahlangothini omhlaba, izivakashi zingabona amakamelo enkosi nombusi, amakamelo enkosana namakhosazana. Umqondo okhethekile ushiywe ekamelweni elikhulu lokudlela, lapho amaphephandaba ahlanganisiwe aphuma emaphandleni ahlukene esigodlweni.

Imyuziyamu: amahora okuvula, izindleko

Naphezu kokuthi yonke indlu yakhiwa eminyakeni yokuqala yalekhulu leminyaka, ukuvakashela eKolomenskoye ngeke kudumise noma ubani. Emva kwakho konke, zonke izinto zangaphakathi zazivuselelwa ngokunakekelwa ngokweqile, ukukopisha ngokuphelele imidwebo yemidwebo esele. Amakamelo afakwe izibani ezihlukile, ama-mica namafenisha. Ezingxenyeni ezingamashumi amabili nane zesigodlo phambi kwamehlo ezivakashi kubonakala impilo yomuntu kanye nezikhulu ezisemthethweni zaseRussia zenkathi yangaphambi kwePeterrine. Ukungena epaki kuyinkululeko. Kodwa ngemiboniso - ngemali. Uma ufika ku-Kolomenskoye usuku lonke, kungcono ukuthenga ithikithi elilodwa - kubiza ama-ruble angu-400 futhi kukunika ilungelo lokuvakashela izakhiwo ezihlukahlukene. Umbukiso usebenza nsuku zonke, ngaphandle kweMsombuluko. Ukungena esigodlweni kubiza ama-ruble angu-250.