Khotyn Fortress: incazelo, umlando, izinganekwane

Encwadini umlando edolobheni Ukrainian lasendulo Hawtin eqoshiwe izimpi eziningi kanye izimpi abanolaka, ukunqoba elikhulu nelesabekako kuvukela. Khotyn inqaba yayilokhu ucezwana lokudla ngoba ezihlukahlukene abahlaseli. I evumayo indawo lapho kwakuphambana khona imizila ebalulekile elandelayo abathengisi kwenza kube yimpango efiselekayo ezinjalo. Khotyn inqaba wafuna anqobe sultans Turkish, Polish nababusi iMoldavian. Ngesinye isikhathi kwaba isakhiwo amakhulu kunawo wonke endaweni yonke-Eastern Europe. Namuhla le nqaba edolobheni Hawtin waqaphela njengoba omunye sezimangaliso eziyisikhombisa Ukraine. Kukhona Ngokuqinisekile kuwufanele ukuvakashelwa kulabo abathanda adventure, izinsalela zasendulo lasendulo.

Izinganekwane ngemvelaphi

Umsuka wegama elithi "Hawtin" has a lot of izinto ezahlukene ongazikhetha. Ezinye izinganekwane bathi noma ubani nje oza lapha, babefuna ukuhlala futhi uhlale kule ndawo inqaba esiyingqayizivele.

Khotyn inqaba, okuyinto isithombe lapha ngenzansi, kuyathakazelisa ngempela. Nokho, kukhona esinye legend. Likhuluma indaba umfana nentombazane, owayehlala endulo ezikhonza kula mazwe. Babefuna ukuba ashade. igama umakoti kwakungu Tin nomkhwenyana - Ho. Kodwa abazali wentombazane yayiphambana kwalolu mbimbi. Lovers eyakhelwe isikebhe bawela phansi Dniester entrained phezu kwabo esikhathini esifundeni engaziwa. Lapho inamathele ogwini, lapho ukuphila kuwo.

Canoe kufika kakhulu kule ndawo lapho manje simi edolobheni lasendulo futhi castle lawo elihle. Steel futhi Ho Ting zihlala lapha. Sebebonke, ayenensada, nemvelo yabo athabiswa ubuhle bayo.

Kunalabo othandweni izingane. Bona wakhula futhi washada, noma asishadile. Kancane kancane lakhula lapha Amadolobha behlonipha umsunguli wayo Ho Ching. Nokho lokhu kungaphandle kwesiko legend kuphela. Ekhuluma ngomsuka inqaba kukhona idatha zomlando.

Umsuka Khotin

Umlando Khotyn Fortress ahlukahlukene futhi benamandla umoya ubuqhawe. Ngokwe-abacwaningi, imizana wokuqala kuleyo ndawo, lapho manje kukhona inqaba, bavele 8-9 leminyaka. Yini Khotyn Fortress iyindawo enhle kakhulu ngempela ukuze uhlale, singabona ngokubheka isithombe ngezansi.

Lena yindawo enhle kuzo zonke izici. Ngokufinyelela elula amanzi Kwenziwa owela lomfula Dniester. Lokhu kuye kwaholela ukuvela kule ndawo omunye wemizila ebekwe ebaluleke kakhulu yezohwebo zabantu abaningi ukulandela. Ukuvikela lokhu ibhuloho, futhi lakhiwa enqabeni. Yaqalwa ngonyaka ka ngekhulu le-12 futhi ngaleso sikhathi Yakhiwa kwezinkuni.

Ngo-1199 Hawtin wathuthela Galicia-naseVolyn ubukhulu. Cishe ngesikhathi esifanayo (e 1219) ziqala ukuhlaselwa nokuseshwa amabutho phansi wokuthi amaMongol-AmaTatar. Kulesi simo, onesibindi Prince Daniel Galitsky wanquma sina uqinise inqaba yalo. izakhiwo Ngokhuni kwathathelwa indawo itshe.

Ezifana kabusha knower kanye Khotyn Fortress. Duzane imitha nesikhombisa wakhe oluphakemeyo, wamba isikhamo nomsele ezijulile lakhiwa. I inqaba lavuselelwa ku zamashumi amahlanu le-13 leminyaka. Ngobukhulu kuba kancane wawungaphansi izakhiwo zesimanje, kodwa indima yakhe ukuzivikela kwenziwe ngokuphelele. Lapha yayakhiwe abathile ebandleni, kuqala lokhu izinqaba ngokubabazekayo.

Umlando inqaba

Khotyn inqaba, izithombe zazo zitholakala ukubuyekeza, manje kugcina iqoqo iminonjana amakhulu eminyaka futhi okuye badabula izindonga zawo zamatshe.

Engxenyeni ngekhulu le-14 yesibili, izwe Khotina yafakwa ngaphansi nendawo ethile ye-ubukhulu iMoldavian. Kusukela ekupheleni kwelikhulu lesi-efanayo, kukhona baqala ukuvela settlement baseMoldova, futhi ngekhulu le-15 - nama-Armenia. Ngo 1408 the baseMoldova Voevoda Aleksandr Good wanquma ukuthatha emgwaqeni Khotyn Imali 2 penny "bamahhashi."

Ukuvinjezelwa lokuqala inqaba lwaluqala 30s kwekhulu le-15 yi-Polish izinduna. Eminyakeni 1450-1455 kwakukhona khona isikaniso samabutho Polish. Ukuze hhayi ukuba baphile ukuze Ottoman-Turks Governor Stefan Iii Veliky yasishintsha ukubukeka nokuma phansi inqaba Khotyn.

Le ndawo, liye landiswa, ephakanyiswe ezingeni inkantolo, futhi babakhe ukuphakama umbhoshongo-40 m. Izindonga abajonqile (5 m) kwahlelwa izimbotshana. Inganekwane ethile ithi lapho kwakhiwa lezi zindonga babephila ngabafaka ntombazane encane - njengomhlatshelo konkulunkulu. Ngakho bendawo ukuchaza okuvela kuyo izindawo ezimanzi ezindongeni. Eqinisweni, the last uvele ngempela esizeni elidala nomsele backfilled.

Egcekeni ngesikhathi esifanayo, ezimbili esigodlweni nge zewayini ezijulile ezakhiwa. Bakha emasangweni. Yiqiniso empumalanga Chapel esigodlweni yasungulwa. Lolu hlobo ukwakhiwa ayikashintshi eminyakeni engaphezu kwekhulu edlule 6.

uhlelo inqaba

Khotyn inqaba, okuyinto kufanele ngokucophelela kubhekwa uhlelo ngempela kuhlelwe kahle isikhungo ukuzivikela. Kunezindlela eziningana kwemibhoshongo ezahlukene. Lezi zihlanganisa Gate, South West, Usigaxamabhande, North, East Tower. On kule nsimu elise kwesikhulu (Usigaxamabhande) Palace. Ngekhulu le-18 emabhalekisini ezakhiwa lapha.

Endulo lakhiwa khona isonto wemba emthonjeni ojulile. Enye yezimfihlakalo izindonga inqaba kuyinto ebuhlungu ezimanzi ukuthi ngeke ome out nanoma yikuphi ukushisa, noma kubanda.

Ngaphakathi enqabeni kungenziwa esafinyelelwa alengayo. Ezikhathini zasendulo, wasukuma wawa. Ngemuva kwesango kukhona ibhuloho. Wayesebenza kahle imfihlo ebalulekile. Uma izitha namanje wafohla esangweni, bagibela isiteji lokhuni. Isenzo indlela ezifihliwe esilisethayo iragela phambili, futhi izitha nje wawa phansi. Kwakukhona wemba ojulile lapho ababambelela izikhonkwane abukhali. Manje indlela okubuhlungu kangaka ukuthi kwadingeka Khotyn inqaba, ngenxa yezizathu ezisobala, akatholakali, kodwa ukubona ukujula isitha ukuwa can namuhla.

Bangene egcekeni, ngakwesokudla uzophawula isakhiwo eside. It kwaku emabhalekisini. Ngemuva kwabo nesonto. A okuqhubekayo Palace Prince sika. Lezi zakhiwo ezimbili lapha kusukela esikhathini Stefana Velikogo. Eduze esigodlweni edwaleni ngesikhathi esifanayo kwaba kunedwala eliyinqaba eliqoshwe kahle. Manje maphakathi egcekeni.

kahle

Ngokusho incazelo, kahle, elise ensimini ka Khotyn inqaba, has a 68 metres ukujula. ububanzi 2.5 m. yagubha ke edwaleni, futhi namanje amanzi, avuke ekujuleni yayo efanelekayo ukuphuza. Akukhona lonke ulwazi kungatholakala kwi kahle Khotyn inqaba.

Sekungamakhulu amaningi eminyaka, le nto asiyeki ezikhanga intsha nemandla ayo. Njengoba kuhilela okuningi ezinganekwaneni, ngubani kudala ezingqondweni Khotyn inqaba ngokwayo. Inganekwane ethile ithi ngesikhathi ekuthatheni lokuqala abaseTurkey lesi sakhiwo ungenakunqotshwa, imithi indoda babehlala lapha. Wayesebenza kahle indodakazi - Katherine enhle. Esikhathini pasha Turkish, owayehlala enqabeni, indodana ezelwe wagula. Ukuba angabikho ongathenga ukuyiphulukisa. Ukulalela isibopho sakhe, udokotela abuyiselwe ekuphileni indodana yenkosi. Kodwa inqobo nje uma indodana Pasha kwaba endlini umthakathi, wawa kuKatherine. Futhi ngakho-ke nguye sembelwa umphefumulo, isikhulu akazange alinge ukuthatha le ntombazanyana kuleli ngempoqo emshadweni wafuna yayingena kuye.

Ngemva kokuzwa ukuthi la-Turkish Pasha ophoqelelwe intombazana indvodzana yakhe, noma uyise esesongelwa. Ngemva konyaka, Catherine wabeletha indodana. Wayefanele ezimhloshana namehlo aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Pasha ayikwazanga ukuthola ngokwanele umzukulu wakhe wamnika imbeleko segolide.

Witch Doctor kuyinto sonke lesi sikhathi asikwazanga ukuthola indawo zosizi, zonke zafuna ukutakula indodakazi kuphela ekuthunjweni okuyihlazo. Ngelinye ilanga wathola indlela yokubasiza. Ngemva lokuqoqa ezithile amakhambi ukwenziwa Potion. Wakwazi balidlulisele esigodlweni.

I Potion obekumele ukuze ujike Catherine nendodana yakhe emanzini. Ngakho bakwazi ukubaleka esigodlweni. Katherine baphuza Potion waphuzisa kubo ingane yabo. Ekugcineni waphonsa imbeleko golden kahle. Ngakho babekwazi ngesinyenyela ngamaconsi amancane ngokusebenzisa izindonga inqaba. Bakhandwa elinde ubaba-umthakathi. Kodwa wayengasakwazi yokususa ngababaleki, njengesizinda sombuso ukuthi enchanted ukupela aqinile.

Ezinye izakhamuzi zendawo zithi indawo ezimanzi ebodeni - lokhu quatrain, okuyinto elinde ukuba sixoshe indodana endala. Lokhu kuzokwenzeka kuphela uma omunye bangazuza sombuso egolide phansi kahle. Bathi ubusuku Moonlit ungabona licwebezele kanjani emanzini. Kodwa akekho wanikwa kuze izandla.

izici kwesakhiwo

Le ndawo lapho Khotyn Fortress, ezahlukene enamadwala. Kunzima ukucabanga yomsebenzi omkhulu kakhulu kwenziwa abakhi lasendulo sokuzakhela ukwakhiwa okunjalo.

Esakhiwe abalimi yayo imizana eseduze. Ukuze uthole kuya phezulu, lapho kwakukhona khona Khotyn inqaba, babefanele udonse ngangilila itshe, amanzi nomcako. Ngalezo zinsuku kwaphuma isinqumo esikhishwe iqoqo imisebenzi elindeleke ngesimo amaqanda nobisi. Le mikhiqizo kunezelwa ikhambi ukunikeza ukwakhiwa amandla. Ngenxa yalesi isixazululo isimangaliso inqaba izindonga wema kuze kube namuhla ngaphandle umonakalo ebalulekile. Ezinye izazi-mlando zithi phakathi inqaba Turkish ukuphathwa nabancelisayo baphoqeleka ukuba zimlethe ubisi lwebele, okuyilona elisebenzayo futhi ukungezwa ikhambi nokuvulwa Izindonga wabhubhisa emva iJerusalema livinjezelwe.

Khotyn inqaba, ulwazi mayelana nokuthi iziphi kuyatholakala abavakashi, inohlelo imihubhe ngaphansi komhlaba. Zikuxhuma zonke izakhiwo nqaba. izakhamizi Underground egcinwe hlinzeka ezinqolobaneni izikhali. Lapha-ke wawusegunjini futhi ejele. Ezihlubukini abenqabayo kwansuku usuku hola entabeni amatshe asindayo bangifake emgodini. Ngo 1491 kwaba khona ngisho ukuvukela ongumlimi okwaholela Andrew Borulya. Umbhikisho ukuthi ukuyiveza ngokushesha, futhi oyinhloko nabangani bakhe isikhathi eside behlupheka emigodini le nqaba. Andreyu Borule ikhanda esigcawini main. Ozakwabo sesehlela North Tower. Kwakuwusuku Isakhiwo esiphakeme kunazo zonke kule ndawo.

Nokho, ngokuvamile iziboshwa e emigodini, ziyetha eMpumalanga Tower. Ngakho, ubizwa ngokuthi Deadly Tower. amadoda Walahlwa bawela emadwaleni angaphansi Dniester. Kwakucatshangwa ukuthi kuwuphawu olubi uma igazi e sokuthula emboniselweni. It ubikezela impi wezimpi ezalandela.

Prince sika Palace

Isigodlo Prince sika Kuphinde kwakhiwa ngekhulu le-15. Kamuva wanikwa igama esigodlweni Usigaxamabhande sika. Lena enye yezinhlobo ezingu sezakhiwo ezinhle kakhulu, okuyinto has on insimu yalo Khotyn inqaba. Incazelo kungaba isikhathi. Kodwa imininingwane ethakazelisayo olungaphambili lwesonto - kungcono iphethini elihle ngezitini ezibomvu futhi itshe elimhlophe. Ngaphambi esigodlweni kuyinto lokhuni ihholo ehlobo amadili.

Phakathi bamba Turkish le nqaba esitezi sesibili e yabesifazana esigodlweni kwaba Pasha. It ngaleso sikhathi kwakunoFakazi abacishe babe ngu-30 abesifazane ababehlakaniphile amakhosikazi umbusi. Ngokusho yetinsita kwakukhona Potocki nodadewabo uSophia, idume ngobuhle bayo. Bathi, udade ngisho wahlangana izikhathi eziningana

Pasha walithanda omkabo etotoswayo yabo ngazo zonke izindlela. Kubo, ngaphansi imiyalo yakhe zazakhiwe eduze kwezindonga zomuzi zokugeza, ngisho kwadingeka i-swimming pool.

amanzi supply system

Emuva ekhulwini le-15, izakhamuzi inqaba kwaba isimiso kwamanzi nokuthuthwa kwendle. Kuyinto esingavamile ngempela ngaleso sikhathi. Amanzi. ngokuqondile emfuleni.

Izinsiza ayithatjelwa kuphela gentry, kodwa futhi izakhamuzi ezivamile. Khotyn inqaba kwadingeka zangasese, okuyinto yondliwa kuya phezulu GABA emanzini, futhi abantu abavamile okuqukethwe nge isimiso sokuthutha indle eyehlayo ezindongeni inqaba.

White Tower of London Palace kwadingeka uhlelo olufanayo indle khulula. Lena isimiso sasivumela elamukelekayo amapayipi endle ngesikhathi. High ngenhla odongeni abakwazi ukubona noma yini, ngoba ukususwa wenziwa. Imvula neqhwa zakhukhula yonke into.

Ukuze VIPs ngisho amachibi eziqhutshwa. Comfort kusukela ukusetshenziswa kwamanzi agobhozayo, naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi egcekeni kwaba ngekhulu le-15, kunzima overestimate. Fortress Khotyn lokhu kuqhathaniswa kahle nge izinqaba amaningi aseYurophu.

tentakalo

izinto eziningi ezibalulekile senzeke ngaphansi kwezindonga inqaba. Ngo-1621 kwaba khona impi phakathi kwamasosha Ukrainian-Polish nabaseTurkey. Ngakho-ke sanqamuka ukukhuthazwa yoMbuso WaseTurkey entshonalanga. Le mpi ngokomlando ebalulekile egcinwe Europe ekubusweni abaseTurkey. Yabuka Khotyn inqaba. Indlela yokufinyelela kule ndawo enkulu, it kuzoxoxwa kamuva.

Siyabonga isibindi kusitsho Cossacks eholwa Hetman uPetru Sagaidachnogo iwine le mpi.

Ngo 1673 kwaba khona impi khotyn. Hetman -Jan Sobieski wanqoba ibutho abaseTurkey. Baningi izenzakalo ngokomlando ezibalulekile waqaphela ezikhonza kula mazwe.

Ngekhulu le-18, izikhathi Russian Empire 4 wathatha Hawtin. Lomonosov wabhala "Ode phezu Ukuthatha ka Khotin" anikezelwe esinye salezi izimpi.

Kanjani ukuze uthole enqabeni

Ukuze ngifike kuleyo Khotyn Fortress, kumele zivela Kiev kuyi Kamenetz-Podolsk esitimeleni. Kusukela inombolo ibhasi 1 Odessa futhi kube ibhasi. Uma uhlela ukuhamba ngemoto, bese eya endaweni isihambi ngeke umzila M20. Kusukela Kamenetz-Podolsk kufanele kusishukumisele eningizimu. It has ukuba kudlule km 27 kuphela. Kufanele kucatshangelwe isikhathi lapho Khotyn inqaba avunyelwe izivakashi. Kungenjalo, ukushayela amakhilomitha amaningi kudingeke afune yokuhlala, travel futhi kufanele sinwetshwe.

amahora Ukusebenza Khotyn inqaba iqala kusukela 9:00 am luphele 6 ntambama. Ukufinyelela izindleko ruble angu-30. Futhi uma ufuna ukuthatha izithombe noma ukudubula ubuhle nezakhiwo zasendulo kuvidiyo, kuzodingeka akhokhe ruble 20-30.

Fortress Khotyn, ngokuqinisekile ushiye ulwandle yokuvela ongenakulibaleka. ubuhle Magic bemvelo, kuhlangene izimfihlakalo ebezilokhu ugcine izindonga zezindlu - konke lokhu isiqiniseko ukujabulisa iyiphi isivakashi.