Sobeskiy Yan: Ukuphatha nezinqubomgomo

3-Jan Sobieski, biography (dlala) ofakelwe yalokhu kubukezwa wayeyiNkosi Polish, isikhulu Lithuanian, futhi yabuye yenzela kwenani lezikhala ezibalulekile zezombusazwe kanye nezokuphatha kanye izikhundla. Wabuye eyaduma njengoba umholi wamasosha abanamakhono, inqobe phezu amaTartar, nabaseTurkey. umbusi Polish lugcinwa isikhathi ubuqotho umbuso benza lukhulu ekuqiniseni amandla ophakeme, okungenani phakathi nokubusa kwayo.

Ezinye amaqiniso okuphila

Sobeskiy Yan wazalwa ngo 1629 enqabeni ngasemzini Lviv. Nokho uJesu wayevela sredneshlyahetskoy umndeni, abameleli okuyinto, bakwazi bahuba aphakeme emibuthanweni sibonga imishado ephumelelayo futhi wenze nenzuzo. Inkosi esizayo wathola imfundo yekhethelo e-University of Krakow. Wayeya ngebhasi nomfowabo emazweni Western Europe, lapho afunda khona izilimi eziningana.

He kubhekwa omunye ababusi baleli zwe bakhipha amaningi afundile e lwamakhosi Polish-Lithuanian. Sobeskiy Yan waya nethimba yoMbuso wase-Ottoman Empire, lapho bazijwayeze yena ngedivayisi lokhu isimo futhi wafunda ulimi Turkish. Ngo 1655, phakathi nokuhlaselwa Swedish yezwe yokuqala wajoyina iqembu proshvedskoy. Nokho, maduzane nje, uKristu abe esehlanganyela naye inkosi efanele uJehowashi, alwa naye.

umshado

Ngo 1665 washada Marysieńka Zamoyska - waseFrance, owayeneminyaka esigodlweni seNkosi uLouis XIV. Wayenethemba lokuthi umyeni wakhe athathe isihlalo sobukhosi Poland. Futhi salokhu kusebenza bacela ukusiza French. Wathembisa kuhulumeni wezwe lakhe, esimweni sesiphelo sesimiso nimunye womshado wakhe, inkosi yokugcina kuzosiza ekulweni ne bakhe izitha wesikhathi eside - abakwaHabsburg.

impumelelo

Sobeskiy Yan ngalesi sikhathi wazishaya umbusi Polish. Ukuze wenze lokhu, ayenakho ithuba: e 1668 waba hetman omkhulu - sesimweni okuyinto ebaluleke kakhulu isakhiwo zomphakathi-zokuphatha kwezintathu yePoland. Nokho, lapho wehluleka ukufeza umgomo wakhe, njengoba izikhulu wakhetha ukubeka kule ndawo omunye isikhulu - protege yakhe.

Nokho, maduzane Sobeskiy Yan ezivezile njengoba umholi wamasosha abanamakhono. Esikhathini 1660s, walwa off ayehlasela AmaTatar, e 1673-m inqobe brilliant phezu imizuliswano empini Khotin. Izimo yokugcina wamnika udumo, lelo, kanye negolide French nomthelela ukuphakama kwayo futhi kamuva akhethwe Inkosi yase-Poland.

inqubomgomo angaphandle

UJan III Sobieski, umsebenzi oyinhloko wokubusa kwakhe wabona ukubuya Podolsk umhlaba esimweni Polish. Iqiniso liwukuthi kule ndawo amalungu amaningi izikhulu wayenengcebo yabo. Ngakho-ke, izindawo ukulahlekelwa Uphatha kabi hhayi kuphela kwezomnotho, kodwa futhi ku isimo setepolitiki.

Ngo-1675, yena ngemvume isivumelwano Imfihlo umfelandawonye uhulumeni waseFrance, Nokho, okuyinto, waphishekela imigomo ehlukile. Kwaba nesithakazelo ukuba kuphele impi ngokuvukela uMbuso WaseTurkey, ukugxila nilwe nje umphikisi wakhe oyinhloko - abakwaHabsburg. Lesi sikhundla okubangelwa ukunganeliseki ePoland, lapho umbusi French ibhekwa kuphela njengendlela ulwe enkundleni ngamazwe. Ngakho-ke, Korol Yan Sobesky waya ikhefu nge Versailles kanye rapprochement neziphathimandla Austrian ukuze alwe isitha esifanayo - abaseTurkey. Isivumelwano esasayinwa ngo-1683. Futhi ecabanga usizo mutual kulokhu kuhlasela.

ukunqoba enkulu

Ngawo lowo nyaka, iNkosi Poland ngokuhambisana nemigomo yesivumelwano esephuthuma inhloko-dolobha isimo Austria i kosizo umbimbi dudula kuhlasela Turkish elilandelayo. Nokho, Wafika futhi siqu amabutho azo ehlomile, ibutho united, kwaba kwaphela ezingaphezu kuka-Turkish. Nokho, kule mpi, ikakhulukazi babonakala ithalente amasu Sobieski ezathatha umyalo amabutho ahlangene futhi anqoba abaseTurkey.

Wenza umzamo ukukhulula insimu Hungarian. Nokho, akazange enze kahle lapha. Ngesikhathi esifanayo phakathi kwakhe umbusi zengxabano Austrian waqala. Iqiniso lokuthi inkosi wafuna ukwandisa imingcele Commonwealth kuya oLwandle Olumnyama ngaphandle, kodwa imikhankaso lakhe bengazange baphumelele.

Eminyakeni yokugcina

Esinye isenzakalo esibalulekile wokubusa kwakhe kwakungu ukusayinwa "Ukuthula Ongunaphakade 'neRussia ngo 1686. Inkosi yaya lesi sivumelwano ukuze ngokuhlanganyela ukulwa abaseTurkey. Enye yezindawo ezibalulekile kakhulu inqubomgomo kwakuwukuba azenzele Poland isimo oqinile eyodwa.

Wayefuna ayozithathela isihlalo sobukhosi ngoba ngendodana nendlalifa yakhe kodwa yiSonto eFrance naseNgilandi. Labo ayengenandaba ukuvela e-Europe kwamandla entsha enamandla. Sobieski nakho kwaba nengxenye ekusindeni eqinisa yebutho Polish, eqinisa amabutho ayo Lithuanian. Nokho, lezi zinyathelo ungazange kwaholela elamukelekile. Inkosi washona ngo 1696 e Warsaw, ngaphansi kwesimo umbango.