Epaulettes we generalissimo. The esiphezulu isikhundla kwezempi. Military isikhundla I. V Stalina

Ngekhulu XX emlandweni wethu Stalin kuphela kwadingeka epaulets ka generalissimo. Ukuklonyeliswa isihloko "kubuza" kubasebenzi ka omunye izitshalo emva kokunqoba Soviet phezu eJalimane ngo-1945. Yiqiniso, lokhu "isicelo" yesigaba sabasebenzi wafunda bonke abakhileyo e-Union.

Bambalwa ukukhumbula, kodwa Stalin waklonyeliswa eliphakeme isikhundla lempi umbuso tsarist. Kwakuwusuku lokugcina yenguquko izingqondo amaBolshevik, ngoba ngaphambi ukuthi imibono yokungabi nandaba ukunganakwa eceleni yonke imizamo lokuqhubeka izizukulwane. Stalin wayeqonda ukuthi kulelihora nzima kuleli zwe futhi ngokuqhubeka isiko umoya enqobile ngakho liyabazonda Khomanisi umbuso Russian kumelwe ugcine lizwe. Imigqa Langena - uphawu olwehlukanisa "besahlulelo yasebukhosini," isimo iphoyisa, lapho kwadingeka babahlukumeze nencazelo yalesi kuphela, ezinye zeziqu entsha.

Hlelwa kabusha ihora nzima ezweni zaba yokuhlanganisa wonke amabutho disparate kwempi yombango. AmaJalimane wayazi ukuthi ngobuthakathaka eSoviet Union - igebe leminyaka. Abalisebenzisa ngobuciko ngayo ngokuba siqashe Battalion eziningi iRed Army. Stalin babekuqonda lokhu futhi nge imvelo lempi.

Kubalulekile yezwe phakathi neminyaka uya ukusungula ngokuqhubeka izizukulwane. Nayo ngalezi izenzakalo, siyakhumbula kangakanani kwaba Generalissimo yomlando wethu. Futhi ngithi kini amanye amaqiniso athakazelisayo mayelana Stalin ezihlobene nale sihloko.

Generalissimo emlandweni wezwe

Igama elithi "Generalissimo" iza kithi ezisusela olimini lwesiLatin. Ehunyushiwe kusho "ezibaluleke kakhulu." Lona isikhundla eliphakeme ukuthi wake yethulwa kuleli ibutho kunoma isiphi isimo. Umfaniswano generalissimo enganikanga kuphela isimo wezempi, kodwa nezenhlalo, zezombusazwe. Lesi sihloko ukhishwa kuphela abantu ekhethekile ngempela.

Lokhu donedavna isihloko egqoka Chan Kayshi (ngenhla), isitha Chinese amaKhomanisi. Kodwa namuhla akukho ezweni esebenzayo Generalissimo. Kulahleke isihloko ohlelweni lwethu ibutho. Elokugcina emhlabeni ababenolwazi enjalo ezinegunya, kwaba Kim Chen Ir - Umholi North Korea, ubani kwakhe kuphela ukhishwa kuye ngo-2011. Ukuze Korea akubona nje abantu, uNkulunkulu, uphawu isizwe. Kuleli zwe, ngokuba ikhalenda kuhlobane ngokuqondile lokhu sezombusazwe. Akunakwenzeka ukuthi leli DPRK zingavela ubani omunye nge isikhundla esiphakeme kangaka.

Umlando uyazi generalissimos kancane. E-Fulansi, iminyaka engu-400, izishoshovu ezimbili kweshumi kuphela kwanikezelwa lesi sihloko. ERussia, ukuzibala ezinsukwini zokugcina, iminyaka emakhulu mathathu, babe iminwe okwanele ngesandla esisodwa.

Wayengubani generalissimo lokuqala? I inguqulo yokuqala 'abalawuli funny "

Eyokuqala, ngubani waklonyeliswa lo isikhundla emlandweni wezwe, ababengabangane bakhe Petra Velikogo - Ivan Buturlin futhi Fedor Romodanovsky. Nokho, ngale ndlela-ke bangakwazi ukunikeza umfana ngamunye edlala egcekeni nabangani. Ngo-1864, eneminyaka engu-nambili uPetru wanikeza kubo isihloko "amabutho Generalissimo ezihlekisayo" ngesikhathi game. Kwaphela eside isikhathi bemi inhloko eyayisanda kumiswa regiments ezimbili "ezihlekisayo". zazingekho ukufana ne izihloko langempela isikhathi.

Inguqulo ezimbili: u-Aleksey Shein

Ngokusemthethweni, izikhulu esiphakeme 'abalawuli ezihlekisayo "abangu ayisekelwa imithetho ebhaliwe kanye nemiyalelo. Ngakho-ke, njengoba Olwa esiyinhloko indima izazimlando lokuqala generalissimo shayela umbusi Alekseya Sheina. Phakathi nomkhankaso Azov wayala isimo kanye Semenov ibutho. Peter adunyiswe ekuphatheni okuhle, amacebo ezempi kanye lokulungisa Shein, okuyiwona yena yanikezelwa Juni 28, 1696 leli ezinegunya.

Inguqulo ezintathu: Michael Cherkasky

Peter Ngithande ukunikeza "nge ehlombe yenkosi yakhe" imiklomelo uhulumeni ophakeme futhi izihloko. Ngokuvamile kwaba izinqumo kunezinxushunxushu futhi ngezinye izikhathi ngokuphamazela kuphula Yiqiniso evamile futhi okunengqondo sezinto. Ngakho-ke, ngesikhathi uPetru I kwaba khona generalissimo lokuqala isimo Russian.

Esinye salezi, ngokusho kwezazi-mlando okufushane kwaba inkosi Michael Cherkasky. Ubephethe wezasekhaya zokuphatha, yayidumile emphakathini. On the imali babakhe wempi ukuba umkhankaso Azov.

Peter mina adunyiswe ngegalelo lakhe kuleli zwe. Akazange ahlale ngaphandle ukunakwa kanye nezinye, zincane, kodwa izinto ewusizo emphakathini. Ngenxa yakho konke lokhu, uPetru waklonyeliswa Boyar Cherkassy eliphakeme isikhundla kwezempi. Umbiko uqhuba uthi mlando, kwaba Disemba 14, 1695, t. E., izinyanga eziyisithupha ngaphambi Shein.

isihloko ebulalayo

Esikhathini esizayo, labo ababefaka epaulets ka generalissimo, akukho inhlanhla. Sekube ezintathu: Prince Menshikov, iNkosana u-Anton Ulrih of Brunswick futhi Aleksandr vasilevich Suvorov, ogama izihloko zobungoma akuyona isihloko olulodwa.

Prince Menshikov, ungumngane oqotho sizana uPeter Omkhulu, waphathiswa lesi sihloko ingane uPetru II. Umbusi osemusha wayezimisele yokushada nendodakazi yakulowo mkhaya kwesikhulu, kodwa izingobe esigodlweni enika esikalini ngakolunye uhlangothi. Kungalungile ukusho ukuthi uPetru abasha babengenaso isikhathi ukushada. Okwamanje zokugcina, wafa ingxibongo, ngemva kwalokho Prince Menshikov wakhunyulwa kwazo zonke iziqu kanye nemiklomelo nabanye futhi wathumela kuJehowashi Holdings zabo Berezniki, kude dolobha.

Eyesibili umnikazi aphakeme isikhundla kwezempi - indoda Anny Leopoldovny, iNkosana u-Anton Ulrih of Brunswick. Nokho, yayingathandi kubo isikhathi eside. Ngemva konyaka wayenakekela futhi ingenazo isihloko ngemva kokugumbuqelwa ambalwa livela esihlalweni sobukhosi.

Esesithathu, ngubani waklonyeliswa zesigaba esiphezulu enhlanganweni yaKhe umbuso, kwaba A. V Suvorov. ngokunqoba kwakhe babe edume emhlabeni wonke. Lesi sihloko akaze ungaqiniseki. Kodwa le nhlekelele wukuthi wayechitha Generalissimo okungenani ezinyangeni eziyisithupha, sabe sesifa.

Suvorov emva Empire Russian lesi sihloko abazange uthole eyodwa. Ngakho, kungenzeka ukubala malini kwaba Generalissimo yomlando Russian eSoviet Union. Mayelana Stalin isihloko senkulumo kamuva.

Kunalokho lifaka - izikhundla

Ngemva inguquko, amaBolshevik sengqondo esingaqondile kunoma izikhumbuzo umbuso tsarist. Nombono wokuthi "isikhulu" izwi ezingcolile. Njengomthetho, esiphathiswa lokhu isimo, wayengazange ephethwe yathuthela ngesikhathi, zawa ngaphansi ukushushiswa neziphathimandla. waphelela necala lokudubula ngokuvamile.

Esikhundleni iziqu kuleli zwe kukhona uhlelo okuthunyelwe. Ngokwesibonelo, Chapayev abadumile kwaba umkhuzi division, t. E. Umlawuli division. A isikhalazo esisemthethweni kwindawo efanayo - ". Iqabane koMphathi Commander" Wabalwa erenki eliphezulu kakhulu marshal. A isikhalazo esisemthethweni kuye - "Cde Marshal," noma igama: "Cde Zhukov," "Cde Stalin," njll Ukuthi isihloko Stalin, impi yayisiphelile nje, Marshal futhi Generalissimo ayizange ...

Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi zvaniyae jikelele futhi undunankulu weza kamuva, kuphela ngo-1940.

ukuhleleka kuka uhlelo

Ezinsukwini enzima yempi, ubuholi Soviet waqhubeka izinguquko sina lempi ohlelweni lempi. amadala abangu uyekwa. Endaweni yabo bafakwa "bobukhosi 'imihlobiso ezempi kanye izihloko, ibutho ngokwalo wayengeyena" obomvu isisebenzi-ongumlimi "futhi" namaSoviet ", owethulwa isimo isithunzi amaphoyisa.

Abantu abaningi, avuthiwe ikakhulukazi asebekhulile omubi waqonda leli kabusha. Abakwazi ukuqonda: Nokho, isikhulu kwaba ngabo lahlotshaniswa nokuba "umcindezeli '," lingabacindezeli "," lomphangi ", njll Ngokuvamile, lokhu kabusha uye waqinisa isimo salo ibutho, wenza okunengqondo uhlelo yokulawula izingane zabo ngokuphelele ...

Konke kobuholi ezempi yezwe futhi Stalin osuke wazibona mathupha ukuthi lezi zinyathelo kuyosisiza ukuba eyonqoba, isakhiwo elandelanayo futhi isigaba sabaphathi. Abantu abaningi bacabanga ukuthi ngalesi sikhathi isikhundla esiphezulu sokuhlukanisa generalissimo kwethulwa. Nokho, lokhu kuyadukisa. Stalin kulo lonke impi, kwaze kwaba ukunqoba kwaba marshal.

Umvuzo ngokuwina

Ngakho, kuze kube ngo-1945 izinga eliphezulu kakhulu Marshal kweSoviet Union kwaba. Kwakuthinta kuphela ngemva kokunqoba, Juni 26, 1945, laqanjwa isihloko Generalissimo zaseSoviet Union ngaphandle kokuphazanyiswa. Ngosuku olulandelayo, ngesisekelo the "isicelo" izisebenzi, lanikeza uStalin.

On ukwethulwa isihloko ehlukile Iosifa Vissarionovicha sakhuluma isikhathi eside, kodwa umholi uqobo njalo wayidikila yonke lezi ziphakamiso. Kwaba ngemva kwempi, siwuvumele ukuncenga Rokossovskogo bavumelana. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi ngaphambi kokuphela kwezinsuku zakhe, uStalin Nokho ukuphambuka kancane kusukela izimiso egqoke umfaniswano Marshal,. Nokusingatha "Cde Stalin" kwakubhekwa njengesibusiso kokunikezwa kwe-isimiso, njengoba nje isikhalo Marshal, kodwa umholi uqobo lwakhe Akanandaba. "Cde Generalissimo" Kufanele sisebenzise ngemva Juni 1945 kuye.

Ngemva isiphakamiso kukaStalin wayezonikela esiphezulu esiphezulu nabanye abaholi ababili zaseSoviet Union ngaphandle kokuphazanyiswa - Khrushchev kanye uBrezhnev, kodwa kwakungakaze kwenzeke. Ngemva kuka-1993, lesi sihloko awuzange kufakwe isigaba sabaphathi entsha ibutho Russian Federation.

epaulettes we generalissimo

Ukuthuthukiswa nemifaniswano entsha sesihloko waqala ngokushesha emva ukwabela yona uStalin. Lo msebenzi kwaholela sokuyokhonza ezingemuva iRed Army. Kwaphela isikhathi eside, zonke izinto okwakubhalwa labizwa ngokuthi "imfihlo", kuphela ngo-1996, ezidedelwe.

Lapho edala iyunifomu ifomu wazama acabangele zamanje abakhulu marshal kwegatsha, kodwa ukuze udale into ekhethekile, ngokungafani nanoma iyiphi enye. Phela epaulettes umsebenzi iyunifomu le generalissimo sika owawufana Bala Suvorov. Mhlawumbe onjiniyela baye bazama ukujabulisa Stalin, njengoba ayephethe wobuthakathaka isitayela nenyumfomu wonke uMbuso Russian nge epaulettes, ifindo, kanye nezinye izimfanelo.

kamuva Stalin wathi ngaphezu kwesikhathi esisodwa ukuthi imvume ligodliwe yokunika kuba isikhundla esiphezulu. Akalokothi kanye wagqoka indlela entsha Generalissimo, futhi zonke ukuthuthukiswa uyowa ngaphansi "oluthathwa." Stalin baqhubeka ukugqoka ukuma marshal - ijazi elimhlophe ne ukuma-up collar noma mpunga eyandulela impi Imi - Ibambezelekile collar futhi emaphaketheni ezine.

Okungaba imbangela amafomu amasha ukungamukeleki

Nokho, uyini lo isizathu okuyinto Stalin wenqaba kobana iinkolo zembathe ijinifomu? Kukholakala ukuthi umholi kwadingeka eziningi izakhiwo ngokubukeka kwabo, futhi wacabanga phezu ongaphakeme, Homely ixhegu ifomu ezinhle uyobheka engenangqondo, engenangqondo.

Kuyinto kule nguqulo, njengoba abanye bekholelwa, uStalin wenqaba ukuba ngihole omangalisayo umbukiso we Ukunqoba bese ungena ngemvume nesenzo yokubuyiswa eJalimane. Nokho, lokhu kuphela theory. Ngakho kwaba noma cha, thina, kodwa uhlangulisa inzalo, Akekho owaziyo.