Kepler Iogann: Biography, imisebenzi, okutholakele

Ukubukeka uhlelo heliocentric ka Nikolaya Kopernika - ingxenye ebaluleke kakhulu inqubo ukuthi wathola igama mlando inguquko yesayensi XVI-XVII eminyaka. Esanduleleni sencwadi yakhe, lapho esebeka mbono, amaPolish omkhulu ngobumnene waveza engenangqondo ngakho, cabanga ukunikela umsebenzi wakho nje uzama ukuthola indlela ukuze kuxazululeke izibalo nesayensi. Okufanela zokuguqula imodeli Copernican wendawo yonke kule qiniso elingenakuphikwa kungokwalabo usosayensi omkhulu German ngegama Kepler. Johann phakathi kwezinye ababephila ngesikhathi omkhulu wenza okungaphezu kwalokho: azazisa ukufika emhlabeni uhlobo olusha indoda - usosayensi, ngokwazi ubunjalo asebenzayo.

Comet - kuzalwa phetho enkulu

sezinkanyezi Ikusasa, isazi sezibalo, unjiniyela, udokotela wamehlo wazalwa ngo-December 27, 1571 emkhayeni ompofu edolobheni Vail, ku Duchy of Württemberg, engxenyeni Swabian Germany. Lapho eneminyaka engu-5 ubudala, waya empini eHolland, inhloko yomkhaya - nesosha-owayebulele Heinrich Kepler. Johann ambone. Unina, Caterina, eyindodakazi umgcini wendlu yezihambi, eyingoduso imithi herbal, nokubhula, ngoba yena kamuva cishe balahlekelwa ikhanda lakhe. Nge imali encane, babenza konke okusemandleni ukuze indodana athola imfundo enhle.

Kuvele Eqinisweni ezithakazelisayo kungaba azimisele lonke ukhanda, iqukethe biography Ioganna Keplera e ekuqaleni kwayo. Katharina Kepler yabonisa eneminyaka eyisithupha Johann enomsila, futhi ngemva kweminyaka emithathu - e 1580 - kwelanga zenyanga. Inkanyezi ezihamba esibhakabhakeni ebusuku futhi inyanga eshintsha shape amehlo, kumfana eziyibonayo kwagxila eqinile. Mhlawumbe ngaleso sikhathi owazalwa ngesifiso sakhe ukuthola izimbangela okwenzekayo?

Usosayensi-semfundiso yenkolo, umsekeli uCopernicus

Ngo zisencane, Johann wathutha ingxibongo, ukuba buthaka emehlweni akhe. Ngakho aphela ngokomzimba futhi bexhwalile. Ngenxa yalokhu, kwathatha isikhathi eside kunalokho nontanga ukuze kubonakale ukuthi uthole imfundo yesibili. Kulokhu, faka Kepler University of Tübingen ziye zaba nomthelela ikhono kuhulumeni edolobheni oluvelele, abakhwelwe Iogann Kepler. Umlando Omfushane usosayensi nge 1591 i 1594 kuyinto ukumuncwa okukhulu yolwazi kwelinye engcono amanyuvesi aseYurophu.

Kepler ukuphila lonke wayeyindoda bayithanda kakhulu inkolo futhi engumProthestani okuqina. Ngakho-ke, lapho elungiselela waba umpristi wangena ubuhlakani zenkolo. Nokho, ngaphambi kwalokho, waya emhlanganweni Yiqiniso wezibalo nesayensi yokuhlolwa kwezinkanyezi, abe master kwezobuciko - it is kangaka okuthiwa njengoba wesayensi ngqo ngaleso sikhathi. Phakathi othisha bakhe kwaba umsekeli uhlelo heliocentric kaMikayeli Maestlin. Ngaphansi kwethonya ezinkulumo zakhe umshumayeli ngalokhu theory iba futhi Kepler. Johann wazama ngobuhlakani ahumushe imibono uCopernicus, kodwa akusho ngaso sonke isikhathi ngenza kufinyelelwe iziphetho ezinembile.

Kepler Cup

Izinhlelo waba umpristi Johann wayeka umcela ukuba okuthunyelwe ka womfundisi mathematics eNyuvesi Graz (1594). Nakuba ngokuqiniseka ukuzinikela kwakhe indlela yokukhonza uNkulunkulu yayiphelele, biography biography Ioganna Keplera kuba usosayensi ucwaningo emi emsamo yokufundisa, okuyinto ngimphikile Ptolemaic (GEO) imodeli zomhlaba.

Esikhathini Harz ufuna ukuvumelana IiMbalo idivayisi sonozungezilanga futhi yashicilela incwadi ethi "Imfihlo Yonke Endaweni Yonke" (1596). Visual Inkulumo imibono wamemezela usosayensi kule ncwadi kwaba "inkomishi Kepler." Kwakuyisikhathi ivolumu imodeli sonozungezilanga, lapho ukukhanya itholakala maphakathi uCopernicus, kodwa uzungeza amaplanethi azungeza Kepler unikeza izakhiwo yemizimba kaPlato - cubes, amabhola kanye polyhedra njalo. Ayikho wezibalo wonder sasibhekwa njengophawu lokuthi ngaleso sikhathi ubuciko - lokhu imodeli yayiyinhle kakhulu, kodwa ngokuphelele ayilungile.

Isikhathi ukwenza isimemo

Incwadi yakhe Kepler ithumela ososayensi eziphambili kakhulu yaseYurophu, ehlanganisa i uGalileo kanye Dane Tiho Brage, owakhonza njengelungu enkantolo sezinkanyezi ePrague. Bephika ezihlongozwayo Kepler ngokuvumelana esemkhathini amafomu, kokubili ososayensi bayawazisa umsebenzi we sezibalo abasha sezinkanyezi. Nokho, nge izikhundla ezahlukene. UGalileo igunyaze indlela heliocentric futhi Braga bathandile isibindi futhi okwakhe ekucabangeni kwakhe. Dane abamenyiwe Kepler ePrague.

Johann Ukuhamba ePrague nomthelela yezizathu eziningana. Phakathi kwabo - a impahla nzima futhi isikhundla kokuziphatha Kepler (washada, kodwa ngumfazi onawo abasha waphathwa isithuthwane futhi kungakabiphi bafa) kanye kuqale ushushiso amaProthestani ngengozi yokulawulwa yiSonto LamaKatolika, okumenyezelwe oyisihlubuki futhi Iogann Kepler. Umlando Omfushane kwenziwe usosayensi endaweni enkathini yokugcina ukuhlala lakhe Harz ugcwele izinsongo nokucindezelwa kuye umsekeli eyeza nezazi zezinkanyezi ezikhuluma zezihlubuki.

Ngo-1600, Kepler ifika ePrague, lapho iqala kwesikhathi ezinezithelo cishe konke ukuphila kwakhe.

Kepler ePrague. ifa

Ngemva nje kokuqala umsebenzi ngokuhlanganyela Brahe othile eshona kungazelelwe, kokushiya Kepler emilandwini yabo ababecabanga yezinkanyezi , nendawo isazi sezinkanyezi enkantolo futhi ngezinkanyezi. Decade olwenziwa Kepler e Prague, siyini isisekelo konke ukuthuthuka nokuphumelela kwalo ezinkulu esayensi abhalwa kuyisayensi yokuhlolwa kwezinkanyezi, i-physics, tibalo.

Kuyisayensi yokuhlolwa kwezinkanyezi, Kepler baletha oda lokugcina ukuhanjiswa ezinyakazayo amaplanethi zesimiso sonozungezilanga. Qonda ukuthi ukutholakala kungokwalabo Johannes Kepler besikhathi sakhe ayengakwenza kusukela ileja jikelele usosayensi - "Astronomy okusha" (1609). Kuyo, futhi umsebenzi wokugcina "The Harmony Kwezwe" (1618) nemithetho ezintathu kinematics yasezulwini abangu zavela. Wathi omise lokuqala kwamaplanethi mayelana ukuma i lesiyingi nelanga kwelinye foci, iplanethi lesibili nelesithathu echazwe Isivinini esemkhathini nezindlela zokulinganisa yayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, Kepler wachaza supernova unembile amatafula yezinkanyezi basisebenzisa njengeHholo ukuma ngoba amatilosi inkanyezi futhi izazi zezinkanyezi.

Mathematics kwaba ithuluzi eliyinhloko asetshenziswa emsebenzini wakhe Kepler. Johann encwadini "Jiyomethri okusha iwayini imiphongolo" (1615) ikhombisa ukuthi ungathola kanjani ivolumu kwezinto eziqinile ayenawo, ebeka izisekelo umqulusizinda futhi calculus ebalulekile. Phakathi okwatholwa nezibalo Kepler - ithebula logarithms, imiqondo emisha - "izibalo kusho" futhi "iphuzu ngesikhathi infinity".

Kepler busuka ukusetshenziswa kwesayensi welithi "inertia", ebhekise khona e ubunjalo isifiso ezihlobene emizimbeni union, wafika eduze kokuvula umthetho wamandla adonsela phansi. Eyokuqala ukuchaza imbangela namagagasi ithonya of the Moon, usechaze izimbangela myopia, uye wazakhela isibonakude okuthuthukile.

Kule minyaka yamuva. inkumbulo

Ngo 1615, Kepler waphoqeleka ukuba abe ummeli kanina, osolwa obuthakathi. Yena ezisengozini ukuba washiswa esigxotsheni, kodwa Johann wakwazi ukufeza wenkululeko yayo.

Kule minyaka yamuva, Kepler waphoqeleka ungamchitha ngifuna emthonjeni onokwethenjelwa ukuze ondle imikhaya yawo, futhi phakathi nohambo kumbusi, eyayiyikweleta iholo, e Rigensburg ngo-1630, wayesefa.

igama Kepler namuhla - phakathi wongqondongqondo abakhulu, ogama imibono kukhona isisekelo kanye impumelelo kwezesayensi nakwezobuchwepheshe zamanje. Igama lakhe kunikezwa netshe elisemkhathini wentaba the Moon, iloli Isikhala azungeza isikhala Observatory, ngawo wavula iplanethi entsha efana Umhlaba izimo futhi yaqanjwa Kepler sika.