Karakum Canal: incazelo, umlando isakhiwo, isithombe

Iyini i-canal? Kuyinto ekusakazeni ezenziwe umuntu wadala nganoma iyiphi injongo. Lokhu kungaba ngenkasa umhlaba, ageleze Ukuqondisa kabusha noma ukuncishiswa imizila. Ezinye iziteshi amanzi esetshenziswa izivakashi indawo yokuphumula. Lapha nezindawo ezinhle, umoya ohlanzekile, eziningi izinyoni. Kunezizathu ezimbili ngokudala iziteshi adlulisele kwemithombo yamanzi noma izimpahla. Njengomthetho, iningi ala machibi - imikhumbi.

ukubaluleka Kumanele isimo sakhe has isiteshi ebizwa ngokuthi Karakum. Ima izingxenye eziningana.

incazelo

Ngo-1988, iSoviet Union wafakwa operation isikhungo esiyingqayizivele wokubacindezela - the Karakum Canal. Flow ubude babuyizingalo 1450 amakhilomitha, futhi wajoyina kwamanye recalcitrant River Amudaria (igama lendawo - Dzheyhun) ngamunye futhi yoLwandle iCaspian. Ezweni azikho analogue yinkimbinkimbi, izinqumo design, nobunzima ukusebenza ngenxa extreme sezulu izimo we Karakum ehlane expanses.

Izizathu ekwakheni umsele

Sekuyiminyaka engaphezu kwengu-amathathu (kusukela ngo-1954) wenziwa ukwakhiwa kwalesi Karakum Canal, ngesikhathi indalo yayo united Stalin inkathi, Khrushchev, uBrezhnev futhi kwaheha abameleli bezizwe 32 kusukela emadolobheni 250 eSoviet Union. Ngalinye esifundeni zwe elikhulukazi kubhekwe kuyisibopho sakhe ukuthumela izinto ezikhethekile, imishini, bawasize nangezinye nosizo oludingekayo ukuze lo mdondoshiya iphrojekthi zonke-sobunye.

Inkinga lokuveza amanzi ukuze Ezindaweni ezinesomiso Turkmenistan wema isikhathi eside. Kwaba inselele enkulu isikhathi sakhe esiningi. Kodwa phaka amanzi edlubulundayo, umfula yisijaka futhi uwafake ngokusebenzisa olungenamkhawulo ehlane Sands kuphela isimo eqinile futhi athuthukile kwezomnotho.

ukwakhiwa

Karakumsky isiteshi kwakhiwa izigaba eziningana, ngayinye yaba uxhuma ukusakaza amanzi ezindaweni. Isiteshi legatsha lokuqala Amu Darya River kuwo umuzi Murghab, lakhiwa ngo-1959. Kwakuyisikhathi ubude 400 km. Umphumela obalulekile ukwakhiwa esigabeni sokuqala kwamanzi - yikhono ungene ukuzungeza komhlaba endaweni entsha eniselwayo of square metres kuka-1000. km. Ingxenye elandelayo wadabula edolobheni Tejen. Wayesemhumeni ubude mayelana 140 km, bavunyelwe amanzi ukunikeza sq 700. km kanye ukusekela i 30,000 amahektha ezengeziwe emasimini ekuniseleni.

By Turkmen dolobha Ashgabat, Karakum Canal owawuse-1962. Kuleli qophelo, kwakucishe ubude 800. Le ndawo ezweni esanda ekuniseleni yonkana isiqondiso ukugeleza ifinyelele square metres mayelana 3,000. km.

Phakathi nale nkathi ukwakhiwa umsele imisiwe kuphela waqala 1971 futhi. Abakhi waqala ekwakhiweni kwegatsha wesine, okwakuthatha isiqondiso Ashgabat - Beriket. Ngesikhathi esifanayo yayakhiwe Kopetdag Dam kanti ichibi igama elifanayo.

I okunye isiphetho isiteshi

Kamuva Abaklami Karakum Canal lahlukaniswa laba zindawo ezimbili ayifani. Omunye elula legatsha esifundeni ningizimu-ntshonalanga Turkmenistan nokukhokha komnikazi Atrek futhi bafinyelela ubude 270. Igatsha yesibili amabombo edolobheni Nebit Doug. Kugcine ingxenye isiteshi ubabonisa eduze amapayipi futhi unikeza amanzi langaphambilini Krasnovodsk (Turkmenbasy yesimanje).

Kakade esikhathini omlando wanamuhla ekuqaleni ngekhulu xxi, abakhi Turkmenistan ezimele esakhiwe amadamu amakhulu esifundeni - Zeydskoe, ngenjongo sokuxazulula namanzi ukucaciseleka.

Ngenxa iziphepho zesihlabathi njalo kusiteshi egoba, okuvame sokuhlupha lolwandle, unyaka wonke, umsebenzi uyaqhubeka ne ekhethekile yokusebenza ejensi for ukubhekwa nokuvikeleka, kuyinkimbinkimbi ngakho wahlela Karakum Canal. Umlando waleli isakhiwo Kuyathakazelisa ngempela.