Kanjani ukuthi iziphatha kagesi kuyizinhlayiyana emasimini kagesi kazibuthe?

Kagesi kuyizinhlayiyana - nezinhlayiya, okuyinto has a icala emihle noma emibi. Lokhu kungaba noma ama-athomu, amangqamuzana omoya noma izinhlayiya aphansi. Lapho kuyizinhlayiyana is kagesi e inkambu kagesi, Coulomb amandla enza elikushoyo. Inani lale amandla, uma ukwazi umfutho ensimini ngesikhathi iphuzu elithile, ibalwa ngu fomula elandelayo: F = QE.

Ngakho, sinqume ukuthi kuyizinhlayiyana kagesi, elisetendeni inkambu kagesi, ihamba ngaphansi kwethonya Coulomb amandla.

Manje cabanga ngomphumela Hall. Ucwaningo, kwatholakala ukuthi amandla kazibuthe kuthinta motion izinhlayiya icala. lokungeniswa Magnetic ungamandla esiphezulu okuyinto ethatha ijubane kuyizinhlayiyana ezifana by kazibuthe. Into ye icala kuhamba velocity. Uma izinhlayiya kagesi fly e kazibuthe ngesivinini elinqunyiwe, ibutho lapho enza ingxenye inkambu perpendicular velocity we kuyizinhlayiyana kanye uzibuthe lokungeniswa Vector ngokulandelana: F = q [v, B]. Njengoba ibutho enza izinto ezinyakazayo kuyizinhlayiyana kuyinto perpendicular velocity, kanye ukusheshisa, njengombana sinikelwa la mandla perpendicular enganyakazi, ukusheshisa evamile. Ngenxa yalokho, iqonde indlela ukunyakaza uzimisele nabo nezinhlayiya icala kazibuthe. Uma kuyizinhlayiyana ingena parallel imizila lokungeniswa kazibuthe, amandla kazibuthe engathathi isinyathelo phezu kuyizinhlayiyana icala. Uma uba perpendicular imigqa lokungeniswa kazibuthe, amandla uthatha isinyathelo kuyizinhlayiyana kuyinto ngesikhathi esiphezulu.

Manje sibhala II umthetho Newton: qvB = mv ² / R, noma R = mv / qB, lapho m - kuyinto nenqwaba nezinhlayiya icala, futhi R - engaba trajectory. Kule kwesibalo kusobala ukuthi kuyizinhlayiyana ihamba emkhakheni eyohlobo ka umbuthano engaba. Ngakho, kwenkathi kunyatheliswa nezinhlayiya icala kuzimele ijubane circumferential ukunyakaza ngokukhululekile. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi izinhlayiya kagesi sibhajwe kazibuthe, amandla kinetic kuyinto zinjalo. Ngoba amandla perpendicular ezinyakazayo izinhlayiya kunoma yiziphi amaphuzu trajectory, amandla kazibuthe lapho enza izinto kuyizinhlayiyana lingasebenzi umsebenzi elihlobene ne lokuhambisa kuyizinhlayiyana icala.

Isiqondiso amandla asetshenziswa ukunyakaza nezinhlayiya icala kazibuthe kungenziwa kunqunywa "imithetho esandleni sobunxele." Ukuze lokhu kuyadingeka ukuze ubeke isandla sobunxele ukuze iminwe ezine ekhombe isiqondiso velocity of nezinhlayiya icala, kahle futhi magnetic lokungeniswa imigqa baqondiswa maphakathi entendeni, kulesi simo ibheke ku-90 degrees isithupha sizobonisa isiqondiso amandla lapho enza izinto kahle kuyizinhlayiyana icala. Kuleso simo, uma kuyizinhlayiyana has a icala negative, isiqondiso amandla kuyoba okuphambene.

Uma izinhlayiya kagesi awela endaweni isenzo ahlangene kazibuthe kanye nogesi, kungamandla, ebizwa ngokuthi Lorentz amandla: F = QE + q [v, B]. Igama elithi lokuqala kule cala limayelana ikhomponethi kagesi, kanti eyesibili - ukuze amandla kazibuthe.