Izinto ezifana ne-vitamin: incazelo, izinhlobo, indima kanye nezici

Ukuqala kwekhulu leminyaka lama-20 kwabekwa uphawu oluthile olwenziwe emkhakheni wezokwelapha. Yingaleso sikhathi lapho amavithamini ayisisekelo adingekayo ukuze kutholakale khona umzimba ophelele womuntu futhi wahlukaniswa. Kodwa isayensi ayimi. Ngenxa yezifundo eziningi, izinto ezengeziwe ezinezinto eziseduze namavithamini, okuthiwa "pseudovitamins" noma izinto ezinjengamavithamini, ziye zatholakala.

Incazelo

"Amapseudovitamine" yizinto ezivela emlonyeni wezilwane nemifino, enesakhiwo esiyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu futhi esivame ukuhlala kuphela esimweni esingokwemvelo, esenza ukuba kufakwe ku-vitamin-mineral complexes ezenziwe ngaphansi kwezimo zezimboni. Noma kunjalo, nazo ziyadingeka ukuze kusetshenziswe ngokujwayelekile umzimba womuntu, nakuba ukuntuleka kwabo akuyona into ebaluleke kakhulu futhi kungaholela eziphazamweni eziyingozi emzimbeni (noma kunjalo, abadali bama-supplementary dietary kanye nabameleli bezinye izindlela zokwelapha bathi isidingo esibalulekile sezinto ezinjalo nezakhi).

Ezimweni eziningi, izinto ezinjenge-vitamin ziza nokudla noma zikhiqizwa ngokuzimela emzimbeni, zifakwe ezinhlobonhlobo zangaphakathi futhi azizona ezinobuthi - okungukuthi aziyingozi kakhulu.

Imisebenzi

Imisebenzi esemqoka yama-vitamin-like compounds yilezi:

• Ukubamba iqhaza okusebenzayo ku-metabolism kanye nama-amino acids abalulekile nanoma yimaphi ama-acid acids;
• Ukuqhaqhazela kanye nokwandisa ukutholakala kwamavithamini onke;
• Isenzo se-Anabolic - ukwanda kwenani lamaphrotheni anokwenziwa okuthinta izinga lokukhula komzimba;
• Ukuvimbela nokulawula izifo ezibangelwa ukuntuleka kwezinto ezithile.

Ukuhlukaniswa

Zonke izinto ezifana nevithamini (njengoba, ngempela, amavithamini) zihlukaniswe ngezigaba ezimbili:

• I-fat-soluble - i-vitamin F ne-fatty acids.
• Ama-soluble amanzi - amavithamini B, H, U, i-carnitine, i-bioflavonoids ne-lipoic acid - i-vitamin N.

Lapha kunjalo kukhona izinto ezifana ne-vitamin-like. Itafula elinolwazi olugcwele kanye nemikhiqizo lapho kutholakala khona kuzonikezwa ngezansi.

Ngezikhathi ezithile, izinguquko zesigaba, futhi amanye amagama abizwa njengasasebenzi, njenge-vitamin F.

Isizathu salokhu idatha entsha ekusebenzeni komzimba womuntu, ngoba izinhlanganisela ezifana ne-vitamin yindawo engaqondakali kahle ngenxa yobunzima ekunqumeni umsebenzi wabo kanye nethonya lezifo ezihlukahlukene ekuqaliseni izinto ezinjalo. Isibonelo, uma ama-pancreas ephukile, ukukhiqizwa nokufaniswa kwe "pseudovitamines" cishe sekuphela, okuholela ekutheni umuntu udinga ukuthatha amavithamini, izinto ezinjengamavithamini ezinqunyelwe ukuvunyelwa kancane kancane.

Izinhlobo

Izinto ezinjenge-vitamin ziningi, kodwa okuyinhloko yizi:

• I-lipoic acid, noma i- vitamin U.
• Choline, noma i- vitamin B4.
• Inositol, noma i- vitamin B8.
• I-Carnitine, noma i-vitamin B11.
• Paraaminobenzoic acid, noma i-vitamin B10.

Futhi lokhu akulona uhlu oluphelele. Imininingwane ichaza i-vitamin-like substances biochemistry. Ithebula linikeza umbono wemithombo yabo.

I-Methylmethionine sulfonium chloride (i-vitamin U)

Ukubukeka: i-crystalline i-white powder ephuzi enekhono elimangalisayo, elincinci kakhulu emanzini (lingashintshi isakhiwo salo utshwala noma i-solvents) futhi lidiliza ngaphansi kwelanga.

I-vitamin yatholakala kuma-50s ekhulwini lokugcina yi-biologist yaseMelika ngenkathi kuhlolwa i-klabishi ijusi njengokwelapha izilonda zesisu. Ngaleso sikhathi, umehluko phakathi kwamavithamini kanye nezinto eziphilayo eziphilayo eziphilayo eziphilayo azizange zifundwe.

I-Vitamin U iyasiza ngoba:

• Ukhipha izinto ezinobungozi nezingozi;
• Ubamba iqhaza kwinqubo yokukhiqiza enye into - i-choline;
• Ukubandakanyeka ekuvuselelweni kwezicubu ngemuva kwezilonda nokuguguleka komzimba we-gastric mucosa, ukuvimbela ukukhiqizwa ngokweqile kwejusi esiswini;
• Kunciphisa i-asidi yesiphuzo esiswini;
• Kunciphisa izimpawu zokudla kokudla (isicanucanu, isifo sohudo);
• Kususa ukuhlaselwa kwesifo sofuba ngesifo sokuphefumula futhi siphumelele zonke izinhlobo zemvelo empoveni wezitshalo;
• Ivuselela imetabolism yamafutha ne-cholesterol.

Yingakho izinto ezifana ne-vitamin ziwusizo. I-biochemistry njengoba isayensi ihlanganyela ekutadisheni lezi zakhiwo ezizuzisayo.

Isidingo sansuku zonke somzimba kulokhu kuyinto 200 mg.

Okulandelayo, cabanga ngalezi zinto ezilandelayo njenge-vitamin-like.

I-Choline (i-vitamin B4)

I-Kholin ngokufanele ibhekwa njengenye ye "amaphayona" wevithamini izinto, njengoba itholakala eminyakeni yama-60 ekhulwini le-XIX, nakuba ukuhlolwa okugcwele kwezakhiwo zayo kwakuyikhulu leminyaka kamuva.

I-Choline iyancibilika kalula emanzini futhi idiliza emazingeni aphezulu okushisa, ngokuvamile atholakele emangqamuzaneni emfuyo.

I-Vitamin B4 iyasiza ngoba:

• Ivuselela izinqubo zokucubungula okuyisisekelo kanye nokusabalalisa izakhi ngokusebenzisa uhlelo lokujikeleza;
• Ubamba iqhaza ekusetshenzisweni kwamathambo nama-carbohydrates esibindi;
• Ihlisa inani le-cholesterol;
• Ukwandisa ikhwalithi kanye nesivinini sezimfutho ze-neuromuscular;
• Ukulawula ukusebenza kwenqubo ye-cardiovascular;
• Ukwenqabela izinhlayiya zotshwala nobusi. Amalungiselelo;
• Kuthuthukisa ukusebenza kobuchopho kanye nenkumbulo, ukulwa nokuhlasela kwesifo sofuba nesifo so-Alzheimer;
• Ibuyisela amangqamuzana ebuchopho.

Isimiso sezinsuku zonke singama-500 mg (okungaphezu kokujwayelekile kunokwenzeka ngaphansi kokucindezeleka kanye nezimo ezidinga umsebenzi ojulile wobuchopho).

Izimpawu zokuntuleka kwe-choline

Izimpawu zokuntuleka kwe-choline zihlanganisa izinga eliphakeme lokucasula, ukukhwabanisa okuhlosiwe kwekhanda, ukuphazamiseka kokulala nokuzizwa ngokomzwelo (isib. Ukwesaba okungenangqondo noma ukukhathazeka), izinkinga, izinkinga zokulala, ukukhuluphala kwesibindi, ukuqhuma kwezinga le-cholesterol kanye nomfutho wegazi ophezulu.

Ukungabi nalutho okwanele kwe-choline kungabangela izifo ezihlukahlukene - kusukela e-cirrhosis ukuya ezinsweni nasezifo eziyinkimbinkimbi. Ake sicabangele ezinye izinto ezifana ne-vitamin yeqembu B.

Inositol (i-vitamin B8)

Lesi sici, esivela enkambweni yokucubungula i-glucose, yaqala ukufundwa kuma-50 we-XIX leminyaka eJalimane.

Esimweni esithathiwe, le nto ingumphunga omhlophe njengama-crystals amancane amnandi, aqoqiwe ngamanzi futhi angahambisani namazinga aphezulu okushisa. Iningi (3/4) i-inositol ikhiqizwa ngumzimba ngokwawo, okusele kuyadingeka ukuba kugcwaliswe ngokudla okufanele.

Kunokuwusizo?

Inositol iyasiza ngoba:

• Igcina izinga eliphakeme lezinqubo zokuxilonga ngenxa yokungena ezinzymes of juice esiswini;
• Ivuselela i-lipid metabolism eholela ekulahlekeni kwesisindo;
• Igcina izinga eliphephile le-cholesterol;
• Kushukumisa umsebenzi wobuchopho;
• Uqinisa ukugxila kokunakekelwa, izinqubo zekhanda nokusebenza kwengqondo esebenzayo;
• Kunciphisa ukukhathala kobuchopho;
• Ibuyisela ukuphelelwa kwezinzwa ezonakalisiwe;
• Ivikela isibindi emiphumeleni eyingozi ye-toxin;
• Ukuvimbela ukukhula kwamathambo e-adipose, evuvuka isibindi;
• Ukwenqabela ama-radicals mahhala abhubhisa izakhiwo zamaselula;
• Ubamba iqhaza ekusebenzeni kwezinhlelo zokuzala abantu, kuthuthukise ukusebenza kwe-spermatozoa.

I-Inosine nayo ibizwa ngokuthi "i-beauty formula" eyimfihlo ngenxa yemiphumela enenzuzo esimweni sezinwele nesikhumba.

Kuzokwelapha, lesi sakhi se-vitamin-esetshenziswa ekwelapheni ukwelashwa kwesifo sikashukela kanye nezinye izifo lapho kuphazamiseka ukuzwela kokuphela kwezinzwa.

Ukuntuleka kwe-Inositol kuholela ekuqotheni, umbono ongaboni kahle, i-cholesterol ephezulu egazini, ukukhwabanisa isikhumba nokulahlekelwa izinwele ezinkulu.

I-Paraaminobenzoic acid (i-vitamin B10)

I-Vitamin B10 ngendlela yayo ehlanzekile i-powder emhlophe epholile egcwala kalula e-ethyl yotshwala ne-ether, kodwa ayinakukwazi ukungena emanzini. Into eyatholakala ku-60s yekhulu le-XIX, futhi ucwaningo mayelana nesidingo sokusebenza lwenziwa kwaphela kwamashumi amathathu eminyaka.

Isidakamizwa i-amino acid, ngokuvamile ivela ku-benzoic acid.

Imfuneko yansuku zonke yezinto ezizimele ngokuqondile ixhomeke ku-vitamin B9 emzimbeni, njengoba i-folic acid eningi ngokwanele ihlanganisa isidingo sokwengeza i-paraaminobenzoic.

Ngokwesilinganiso, isimiso singama-100 mg ngosuku, noma ngabe kunesidingo sokwelashwa okuyinkimbinkimbi umthamo unganyuka ube ngu-4 amagremu.

I-paraaminobenzoic acid ibalulekile kulokhu:

• Inikeza umthelela wokulwa nezifo zomzimba;
• Ihlanganyela ekukhiqizeni i-folacin, i-pyrimidine compounds nama-amino acids;
• Ukwandisa imvamisa yokukhiqizwa kwe-interferon - iprotheni ekhethekile evikela izifo eziningi, kubandakanya emathunjini, umkhuhlane kanye nezifo ze-hepatitis;
• Ukwandisa uketshezi kwegazi, okusiza ukulwa ne-thrombi yamasuli;
• Usekela umsebenzi wegciwane le-thyroid;
• Ikhuthaza ukukhiqizwa ubisi lwebele;
• Igcina isimo esihle sesikhumba nezinwele;
• Ivikela isikhumba emonakalweni yemisebe ye-ultraviolet futhi yandisa ithoni yayo;
• Isiza ukubhekana nokuntuleka kwe-skin pigmentation nge-vitiligo.

Ukuntuleka kwalesi sakhi se-vithamini kubonakala ngezifo zesikhumba, ukulahlekelwa izinwele nokuwohloka kwesimo sabo jikelele (ukoma, ukwehluleka, ukungaqabani), ukukhanda ikhanda, ukuphazamiseka kokugaya ukudla, ukuguquka kokushisa kwelanga, ukushaywa yisisu nokudangala kwamanzi.

Futhi nakuba umehluko omkhulu phakathi kwamavithamini kanye nezinto ezinjenge-vitamin-ukuthi ukuntuleka kwesibili akuholele ezifweni ezimbi, kodwa ukungabi khona kwe "pseudovitamins" nakho kungaba okungajabulisi neze.

I-Carnitine (i-vitamin B11)

Lesi sici sinikeza ukugaya umzimba okusheshayo kwamafutha futhi kuqukethe cishe zonke izakhiwo zamaselula, okusiza ukukhiqiza amandla ngokwengeziwe.

I-Carnitine inesibopho se:

• Ukunciphisa izitolo zamafutha;
• Ukwakheka kwe-elastic, imisipha eqinile;
• Ukuhamba kwamafutha e-acids ukuhlinzeka nge-supplementation yamandla amangqamuzana;
• Usizo esimisweni senhliziyo;
• Ukuvimbela noma yisiphi isifo senhliziyo;
• Ukukhululeka kokuhlaselwa kwe-angina.

Isilinganiso sokudla nsuku zonke singama 300 mg. Kulabo abakhetha ukunamathela emasikweni okudla kwemifino nokudla okuluhlaza, kufanele usebenzise i-vitamin-mineral complexes ngenhla ephezulu ye-carnitine.

Ukuntuleka kwalo kubonakala yi-syndrome yokukhathala okungapheli, ukukhuluphala okusheshayo nokunyuka kokunyakaza nokuphefumula, ukucasuka okuqhubekayo nokukhala, ukungakwazi ukuhlanganyela emisebenzini yomzimba.

Isiphetho

Ukuze uhlangabezane nemfuneko yansuku zonke, ochwepheshe abaningi baneluleka ukuhlanganisa itafula elikhethekile nemikhiqizo oyikhonzile kanye nedatha kokuqukethwe kwe "pseudovitamins" okudingekayo ukuze kusebenze ngokujwayelekile.

Sasihlola izinto ezidume kakhulu njenge-vitamin-like, futhi umehluko wabo kumavithamini.