Izinjongo Ukungcoliswa komoya. Lemvelo TPP

Noma ngabe yini eyenziwa abantu abathile ihlobene kagesi amandla ukusetshenziswa. Ngakho-ke, ukwakhiwa izitshalo ezinkulu ngamandla (ukushisa ngaphezulu), eziqala zenzeka ekhulwini lamashumi amabili, futhi uye wanquma ukuxazulula izinkinga zamazwe omhlaba onke yokuntula le energy ngokwayo, ngaphandle kwalokho kakho intuthuko. Ukunyamalala nenhlabathi evundile, emifuleni beneaped namachibi ngaphandle izinhlanzi, amahlathi wonakele ukungcola ezishisayo eyenziwe CHP, inani elikhulayo izifo ezingathi sína kwababhemayo. Konke Imiphumela ukuthuthukiswa amandla, izimboni udoti kakhulu. Ngokuzayo lwesintu incike ikhambi izinkinga ezimbili ezihlobene, ezifana: isidingo sokuthuthukisa amandla nokungcoliswa imvelo CHP. Air, inhlabathi, amanzi, izitshalo nezilwane zithonywa umthengi sengqondo. CHP ukungcola kuphazamisa ukusebenza engokwemvelo zonke izingxenye ze-Jikelele Lwamakheli. A inhlekelele ezifana eChernobyl futhi Fukushima - lokhu kuyisixwayiso, kunalokho, nize ngisho basuke bekhalela usizo ngoba. Hhayi ekufezeni izidingo zemvelo ngoba CHP kuzo zonke izigaba ukwakhiwa nokusebenza, abantu sifake ukuphila kwabo engozini nalabo yizizukulwane ezizayo bebonke.

imithombo yamandla

Cishe izingxenye ezintathu kwezine amandla adingekayo ukuze ukuphila akunika uhlelo amandla. Futhi ukuthi namuhla zicatshangelwa izazi zemvelo izimboni udoti kakhulu. ezidingekayo ukuze bathole amandla ovuthayo impahla ezivuthayo e ngesisekelo umkhakha. I-fuel kungenzeka amalahle, Peat, uwoyela oluthambile, uwoyela noma igesi. Futhi basebenzisa amandla emifuleni. Lokhu kudinga ukwakhiwa kwamadamu okugcina amanzi futhi CHP.

I nokuntuleka kwamanzi ahlanzekile

isikhashana Negative umsebenzi wamabhizinisi CHP - umoya ongcolile namanzi endaweni yokuqala. Minyaka yonke, amabhizinisi amandla eziyinkimbinkimbi zisebenzisa cubic metres angaphezu kwezigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu amathathu kwamanzi ahlanzekile. Ngo ukwakhiwa kwamadamu okugcina amanzi phezu imifula edla izindwani kwenzeka indawo eseduze evundile, futhi ngezinye izikhathi izindlu abantu. Amadamu kanye nezinye Hydro ziphazamisa yemvelo emfuleni zamanje, eliphumela shallowing imifula futhi komhlaba ezingeni ushintsho. Imithelela yalezi zinguquko - waterlogging futhi salinization of nenhlabathi, okuyinto azizifanelekeli ezolimo. Noqhekeko uhlaza, kwamanzi ukwakhiwa kwamadamu okugcina amanzi, kuholela izinguquko ongathandeki nezilwane amanzi nezimila. Amandla etholakala amandla esiteshini ophephela enamandla, eliqhutshwa umusi kusukela amanzi ahlanzekile eshubile. Isitimu qeda is selehlile ngokuqhubekayo bese kukhishelwa endlini nemifula. Imifudlana yamanzi ashisayo akha ukungcola imithombo ezishisayo ku CHP.

Izinga ukushisa ezizobekwa kuyo nemifula kukalwa amashumi amaningana amakhilomitha "elihangukile" e izinzwa engokoqobo nengokomfanekiso lomfula. Ukushintsha Izakhiwo yamanzi nemifula kanye amadamu kubangela ushintsho nabavoti zamakhemikhali, bese - izinqubo yezinto eziphilayo. Uyahlupheka ngemvelo. CHP - imbangela.

ukungcola komoya

Ukunukubezeka komoya CHP - inkinga nakakhulu. Ngokuya ekushayweni izinto eziyingozi emkhathini ezishisayo amandla amabhizinisi isikhundla ekuholeni. Kuyinto cishe amathathu amaphesenti amagesi Imininingwane kuzo zonke izimboni ezahlukene. Futhi amathani angaphezu kwezigidi eziyisithupha uthuli, elimazayo carbon compounds, nitrogen, isibabule vanadium, cishe kanye nazo zonke ishadi lesikhathi izakhi. Acidification kwenhlabathi ngu nemvula ene-asidi - is phetho le nqubo, ezifana ukungcoliswa komoya ngo-sulphur dioxide igesi CHP. Ukuthola semali carbon dioxide emkhathini kuholela ekwandeni kwezinga lokushisa komoya emhlabeni, avareji yonyaka libizwa Amagesi Abamba Ukushisa Emkhathini yayo. Bad ngemvelo CHP kubangela ukucinana kule aphansi emkhathini aerosol izinhlayiya eziyingozi amakhemikhali nothuli organic. Lesi senzakalo ngokuthi "inkungu photochemical" lapho ngaphansi imimoya ukukhanya, emisebeni enamandla ilanga lokuhlushwa anda isithombe-oxidants ku ulenga emoyeni phezu kwemizi ayengakwenza. Uma ingelashwa, kuholela ukubhujiswa ungqimba lwe-ozone Zomhlaba. Njalo ngonyaka iphesenti Allergy obuhlukahlukene zaba namandla kakhulu. Ukunukubezeka komoya TPP eziyingozi kakhulu empilweni lempilo lezakhamuzi zasemadolobheni. eziyingozi ngokukhethekile ngenxa izinhlelo zokuphefumula futhi senhliziyo.

umlotha imfucuza

Esikhathini esizayo esiseduze ukwandisa umkhiqizo we imboni yezamandla kulindeleke ukuba ukwandisa inani omlilo of zokubasa okuqinile. Ngakho-ke, ukwanda kukhona umdlavuza izinkinga imfucuza amandla omlilo futhi slag yayo Warehousing. Ubani kusetshenzwe eziyisishiyagalombili kuphela amaphesenti yonke imfucumfucu umlotha ngayinye. land khulula kusilela ophoqelelwe ukwaba lobuchwepheshe endaweni Izinsiza endaweni eyayiseduze isakhiwo yokuhlala sabo enkabeni yedolobha bakhangisa ukwandisa ukuphakama izinqwaba zolootvalnyh. Ukunukubezeka komoya CHP kulesi simo kukhona ikakhulukazi sibi, t. K. Zoloothodov umoya ukuguguleka kubangela ukungcoliswa izindawo ezinkulu. Amabhizinisi ezolimo akuyona isilungele ekucubunguleni slag. Sidinga kwenqubekela-phambili kwezesayensi nobunjiniyela ngalezi zindaba. Ukuze kuxazululwe lezi zinkinga kuyinto esiphuthumayo.

izinkinga anokungcola

Emadolobheni amakhulu kule ezishisayo izitshalo amandla unezinkinga abukhali futhi oxhumene: namapayipi CHP futhi CHP amanzi angcolile. Uhlelo piping igugile kudingeka ukulungiswa ezinkulu. iphayiphi eziphuthumayo okusongelayo ukungcoliswa namachibi inhlabathi, amanzi angaphansi komhlaba ezingeni kuyanda, ukungcola kwamanzi emizimbeni amanzi eduzane. Konke lokhu kuphathelene zonke ukuwohloka unyaka izinga lokuhlanzeka kwamanzi okuphuza. Amanzi angcolile is olwenziwa izindlela ezehlukene kanye ngezigaba eziningana, ke, kudinga amandla futhi kuholela ekwakhekeni imfucuza yesibili ezidinga ukulahlwa. Ukwelashwa yamanzi ezimbonini - isikhathi esiningi-ukudliwa futhi inqubo amandla khudlwana. emanti langcolile Industrial, okungakwazi zigezwe nhlobo, ashise noma akhishwa phakathi kwemithombo ejulile. Futhi edonsela eziningi izinkinga zemvelo.

ndaba nesimo

ukuphepha Environmental, ukongiwa efanelekayo ephilayo imvelo bekwi izinhlangano wombuso kanye umphakathi. Isici esibalulekile umsebenzi wabo - ukulawulwa izinkomba izinga kanye nokuqapha ukuqaliswa yabo. Imibhalo Yokuphatha ukusungula imikhawulo kuvunyelwe umthelela emvelweni. Behlolisise ephathelene nomzimba namakhemikhali awo, begazi nezinye izinkomba izinga. Ukuze abasebenzisi bemvelo anqunyelwe imikhawulo kuvunyelwe isizinda ngokusimama kwezinsiza zemvelo, iziqondiso ze-ngokomzimba (umsindo, vibration, ionization, kanye nabanye.) Umthelela kwimvelo, amazinga amanzi angcolile esithweni, izinkambiso of emkhathini eziyingozi emkhathini kanye neminye imisebenzi ikhumbula izici ezithile endaweni ngayinye.

Isimiso sokugcina

Ukuze imiphumela emibi evela umsebenzi TPP ukunciphisa ukuthuthukiswa izinyathelo kwemvelo Ukuvikelwa kufanele kwenziwe kanye nokuhlela, ukuthuthukiswa nokuqaliswa amaphrojekthi amasha ibhizinisi. Ikakhulukazi kumayelana ezindaweni ezakhelene evikelwe zindawo ezivikelwe, lapho imithetho ekhethekile isicelo. Ukwephula Imiphumela yabo necala lobugebengu. Kusukela izindlu izigodi amabhizinisi kumele ahlukaniswe esishintshashintshayo sanitary zokuzivikela. esishintshashintshayo okunjalo asetshenziselwa mngcele nothango ukunciphisa ezintweni ezingezinhle izakhiwo zezimboni. Usayizi esishintshashintshayo enjalo zokuhlola ezasungulwa iziqondiso kazwelonke esekelwe izenzo ezimbi kulindeleke emva ezifanele nomthelela wendawo ezungezile kubantu ukuhlolwa lezinto zemvelo.

izindlela ongazithatha ukuze uxazulule izinkinga amandla

Isidingo ukunciphisa umthelela ongemuhle amandla ku imvelo kunanini ebuza imibuzo ngokufaneleka ukonga amandla. Ngokuyinhloko ngenxa zokunciphisa amandla okuzamazama izinqubo zezimboni. Kuze kube yimanje, ngentuthuko zanamuhla kudingeka acabangele ngamaphuzu alandelayo:

• kwagezi ekhaya;
• Indlelanchubo amandla isizukulwane izindawo umthengi ukuthi kunciphisa izindleko ngokunciphisa okwandisa nekusebenta fuel esetshenziswa, kuyilapho ekwehliseni ingozi yamagciwane yokushisa;
• Ukuthuthukiswa izindlela ngokomzimba futhi amakhemikhali kulungiselelwa fuel ukuze usiyise uphethiloli ephephile futhi bazisa esihle kakhulu;
• sesimanje omlilo izindlela;
• ngcono kanye nentuthuko ephezulu ukusebenza ukwelashwa amanzi izindawo.

Eminye imithombo yamandla

yizici zemvelo kanye nezomnotho ezihlobene amandla, baphoqwa ukuba ukhulume ukusetshenziswa of ehlukile imithombo energy :

• ukusetshenziswa ngokuqondile noma ngokungaqondile amandla elanga (photovoltaic ukubuthwa, ukuthola uphethiloli ngekusasa - hydrogen kusukela amanzi, njll);
• ukusebenzisa kanye nokuthuthukiswa ophephela abaphehla ugesi ezindaweni imimoya okukhulu;

• ukusetshenziswa imisinga zasolwandle amandla ebbs kanye notshwala, kushintsha izinga lokushisa ekujuleni ezahlukene olwandle.

Izinga yentuthuko zanamuhla izibikezelo benethemba udaba amandla futhi ngokuya umnotho, futhi ngokuya ngemvelo. Umthelela emvelweni isibe global ngokwemvelo futhi zidinga izixazululo efanayo.