Izinga ekuthuthukisweni komnotho emazweni angomakhelwane yeFrance. Yikuphi emazweni akhelene France?

Namuhla sizoxoxa ezingeni yentuthuko nomnotho emazweni angomakhelwane yeFrance. It yilona zwe elikhulu kunawo baseYurophu ngemva Russia nase-Ukraine. Namuhla, izwe ivuliwe yokwanda okusheshayo. It yasungulwa imikhakha kwezezimboni nakwezolimo.

Nokho, nomthelela obalulekile e-European Union nomunye abe nesimo akhelene.

On lokho amathuba nezinselele ngesikhathi omakhelwane isiFulentshi, sizobe ukukhuluma okwengeziwe.

omakhelwane French

Ngaphambi kokucabangela ezingeni yentuthuko emazweni angomakhelwane yeFrance, ukukhuluma kanjani, nobani, eqinisweni, yilokho imingcele isimo.

omakhelwane yangempela eYurophu amazwe 8 - Monaco, Andorra, Luxembourg, eJalimane, e-Italy, eSwitzerland, Belgium ne-Spain. Kodwa kukhona ezintathu "izihambi" umakhelwane.

Lezi emazweni akhelene ezibonakalayo French e-Latin America. Isikhathi esiningi kulesi siqhingi. Phakathi kwabo kuyafaneleka Guadeloupe, Martinique, Reunion Mayotte. Futhi kukhona Guiana isimo ezwekazini.

Belgium

Izinga eliphezulu ukuthuthukiswa koMnotho Belgium basungula avuke ngokusebenzisa ukukhiqizwa ephakathi. Shono kuleli zwe ngokuthi "State wezitolo." Liege kanye Antwerp kukhona gunsmiths futhu izingcweti ibhizinisi idayimane, Flanders - maphakathi basembonini yendwangu eYurophu.

Ngokuvamile, batshela abanye ngoMbuso yeBelgium, ingasaphathwa esinye isici. Kuze kube sekupheleni kweMpi Yezwe II, waya delineation ecacile izindawo umkhakha. Ngakho-ke, abanye bacebe ngokwanele, abanye abantu ukuthola iholo nesizotha more.

Kusukela ngo-1945, ikakhulu ngenxa "imfundiso Galopina", kukhona ukukhula abukhali isimo. Cishe yonke indawo kukhona ukukhanya umkhakha nezimboni Flanders ucala kutfutfukisa zokuwuhluza, Antwerp iba port ngobukhulu e-Europe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, e-Brussels idluliselwe endlunkulu NATO namanye imiphakathi.

Izwe esiye sabhekana recessions ezimbili. Eminyakeni 1980-1982, lapho imali eshodayo kusabelozimali azifinyelelanga ezingeni 13% we-GDP, izikweletu kahulumeni ikhuphuke kakhulu, kanye nokuntuleka kwamathuba omsebenzi. sokuntenga komnotho ezweni sihlalise Okwesibili kwenzeka ngo 1992-1993. Phakathi nalesi simo esibucayi, ukukhula kwe-GDP jikelele wawa cishe amabili amaphesenti.

Kodwa kusukela ngo-1994, izinga ukuthuthukiswa komnotho waseBelgium laqala ukwenyuka. Namuhla umbuso ubhekene band ezimhlophe kule ndawo. Naphezu inhlekelele yezombangazwe neminyaka 2007-2010, i-GDP lukhula, nokungeneli kwesabelo sezimali, njalo futhi ukuswelakala kwemisebenzi falling.

Namuhla, i-GDP lengenako nxazonke ayizinkulungwane 38-40 zamadola. Ngokusho 2010 wayengumuntu ezingeni 38 700 zamaRandi.

Spain

Namuhla, lizinga yentuthuko yezomnotho Spain ezingeni eliphezulu. Ngokusho izibalo 2012, isimo osesikhundleni lweshumi nane kule simo global lamazwe.

Igatsha oyinhloko emnothweni, bendabuko uMbuso Spain kusukela eNkathini Ephakathi, kwaba ezolimo. Kwenqwaba nezinsuku, nama-alimondi, iminqumo umoba Namanje kokuba zithunyelwe nge ukuthi State. Uyothola umangale, kodwa isivuno irayisi Spanish likhulu kunawo wonke emhlabeni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, isimo inikeza yesiminyaminya kakolweni, iwayini kanye ezisawolintshi. Ngo emkhakheni wezolimo behileleka emithathu nje amaphesenti angu-zokusebenza.

Kodwa nendima evelele yalesi wemboni komnotho kulesigaba is ngqo ziyancipha. Namuhla, kukhona nokwanda okusheshayo emsebenzini wokukhiqiza nezicathulo, izingxenye ezisele for izimoto, umshini amathuluzi, alalelwayo video imishini, amakhemikhali.

Uma sikhuluma izibalo zomhlaba wonke emkhakheni nane ukukhiqizwa sphere, Spain phezulu emihlanu ngayinye izingxenye.

Ngokumangalisayo, ezingeni ukuthuthukiswa komnotho of Spain neze kuthinta abangasebenzi. Sivamile lizwe ubhekwa Inkomba yayo kule 8-10%. Emazweni amaningi, lokhu kungaba buhlungu ezinkulu. Spain futhi silondoloza ngempela ngezinga eliphezulu umsebenzi emthethweni kanye nomnotho ngomshoshaphansi.

Italy

Izinga ukuthuthukiswa koMnotho Italy sehluke kakhulu esifundeni. Uma ezisenyakatho kakhulu athuthukile ngezithukuthuku amabhizinisi zezimboni, eningizimu kude ngemuva kulokhu. Ezindaweni ngaphansi isakhula emnothweni isithunzi unenhlanhla.

Siyofika isishayo main kwemnotfo Italy - kuba izifikanamthwalo ezingene ezweni ngokungemthetho ngokukhethekile, futhi wonke kwamanye amazwe jikelele. Eza lapha bezofuna izimo ezingcono zokuphila zabantu kusukela "yezwe yesithathu." Ethandwa kakhulu kukhona ezifundazweni eziseningizimu, njengoba kukhona ungawathola ngokushesha umsebenzi emkhakheni wezolimo. Abaqashi sibuye silungiselele nesimo esifanayo. Illegals ukuthatha phezu kwezinkonzo zazo imali encane ngokheshi, ngakho-ke kungenzeka ukuchitha esiningi ezezimali futhi kungesemehlweni iziphathimandla zentela.

Namuhla, lizinga ukuthuthukiswa koMnotho Italy lesithathu ngobukhulu emasontweni aseYurophu. I izimboni ezinkulu ukugcina izwe "untanta", lokhu okulandelayo: izimoto yezimoto kanye motor, izimpahla ezimhlophe (amafriji, njll), izicathulo, izingubo, noodle, iminqumo, ushizi, iwayini, nezithelo okusemathinini.

Namuhla, lengenako GDP (idatha kusuka 2013) imayelana 30 000 zamaRandi. Isikhulu Izinga labangasebenzi wonke angu eziyisikhombisa (2006), kanye noguqukozimali - 1.5% (2006).

Kuyinto ngenxa nomlando omude isipiliyoni eyingqayizivele izinkampani eNorth Italy, izwe ekwazi ukumelana crisis unomphela ezindaweni eseningizimu futhi ukugeleza enamandla wezifiki okusemthethweni nokungemthetho.

Germany

Izinga ukuthuthukiswa komnotho Germany yilona eliphezulu ukuwedlula wonke e-Europe kanye yesihlanu ku simo amazwe. It ilahlekelwa zinde ezifana kuphela njengoba US, China, Japan naseNdiya.

Njengoba i-republic post-zezimboni athuthukile, Germany lemali oyinhloko-dolobha etholakele emkhakheni wemisebenzi. Kungenxa kulomkhakha imisebenzi kakhulu. Wabuye ungumnikazi 78% we-GDP (ngo-2011).

I engavamile of isimo somnotho German kuyinto ukunamathela eside a imodeli emakethe nomphakathi. Lokhu Paradigm kuhilela Ukubambisana eduze of zabasebenzi kanye abasebenzi, high sentela. Isici esiyinhloko lolu model enikeziwe at inhliziyo ibhizinisi kanye nenqubomgomo yomphakathi, okuyinto isiqiniseko intuthuko emakethe futhi kakhulu ngisho ukwabiwa komnotho.

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, wanika imiphumela ezinkulu futhi nesandla ukululama ngokushesha yezwe emva ukulahlekelwa ezimbili ezimpini zezwe. Lamuhla, lizinga ukuthuthukiswa komnotho eJalimane kuphezulu kakhulu, kodwa lokhu mkhuba has kunohlangothi olungeluhle.

ezingeni eliphezulu kakhulu intela yakha inqwaba abondliwa. Uma kuqhathaniswa, isibonelo, phakathi nawo-1990, izimali ezibanjwayo ukuze izintela eJalimane safinyelela 65%, kanti e-US - mayelana 32%. Ngokwezibalo, kusukela $ 100 pay inetha iminikelo emagunyeni yezenhlalakahle emalini $ 81.

Namuhla, intela ku inzuzo undistributed - 50%. We-GDP nga-2013 - ecishe ibe yizinkulungwane 40 zamaRandi lengenako, Izinga labangasebenzi - 5.5%, kanye noguqukozimali - 2.1%.

Switzerland

Siyaqhubeka cabanga ezingeni yentuthuko nomnotho emazweni angomakhelwane yeFrance. Kafushane omakhelwane ezinkulu, ezinjenge-Italy, eSpain eJalimane abangu wafunda. Manje sikhuluma uthi encane. Eyokuqala ekuhlaziyeni Swiss Confederation.

Leli zwe Nokho unothile ngokwanele, kodwa ngokulingana ngqo inqubomgomo angaphandle kanye kwamaZwe. Le ndawo main lapho wathola notshwala omkhulu wezimali, kuyinto yasebhange. Namuhla e-Switzerland kukhona amabhange engaphezu kwamakhulu amane. Ngenxa yokungathathi hlangothi nokugcina izinto ziyimfihlo ngokuya ngolwazi ikhasimende wezwe, ukungena kwemali ukhula minyaka yonke.

Ngaphandle kwalokhu wemboni, lizinga ukuthuthukiswa koMnotho Switzerland kuthinte zemithi, amakhemikhali, umkhakha ukudla, ukukhiqizwa amawashi, ushizi kanye ushokoledi.

Okubalulekile, Isimanga siwukuthi, iyona ezolimo. It uyawuthanda kwelungiselelo elikhethekile kuhulumeni. Kuyinto abalimi abenza imikhiqizo imvelo zezitshalo okuvela ezilwaneni, yinzuzo enkulu yentela.

Kahle ngokwanele ithuthukiswe Switzerland kukhona sphere yomshuwalense kanye nezokuvakasha. Lesi sakamuva, ngokukhethekile, kuletha isimo esingaphezu kwengxenye bhiliyoni franc ngonyaka.

Luxembourg

Kulesi sihloko sibheka ezingeni yentuthuko nomnotho emazweni angomakhelwane yeFrance. Manje sizogxila iyizwe elincane, okuyinto usesikhundleni okuholela intuthuko nokuchuma sabantu.

Duchy ihlanganisa indawo amabili kuphela futhi inkulungwane isigamu amakhilomitha square. Labantu emhlabeni abantu abayingxenye yesigidi. Kodwa-GDP lengenako imayelana ayizinkulungwane 129 zamaRandi.

Igatsha oyinhloko, esithinta ezingeni ukuthuthukiswa koMnotho Luxembourg, kuyinto umkhakha esindayo. Ikakhulukazi, kuze 1997, benza ibhizinisi isivinini nensimbi. Namuhla-ke ayisebenzi, akukho esithandweni kuqhuma, steel kusetshenzwe kusuka edayisa izinsimbi.

Uhlelo oluyisisekelo oluthi iholo labantu elamukelayo lusuka ku-izinsiza-kusebenza nezinkonzo, ezokuvakasha, amabhange kanye ukuhweba. Abangaphezu kwesigamu sabantu asebenzayo we Duchy baqashwe kulezi zindawo.

Kwezokuvakasha ubuswa Amathrendi ezimbili - zokungcebeleka kanye hang-endiza. Emkhakheni wezingalo ezezimali njengoba isikhalazo enkulu has sogu lolwandle. Ngakho-ke, esikhathini Duchy of Luxembourg kuyinto amabhange ngamazwe engaphezu kwamakhulu amabili.

With ukuthuthukiswa omkhulu onje, Isimanga siwukuthi, iyaqhubeka nokuba khona kanye nezolimo. I yendabuko kunazo kukhona kule mikhakha elandelayo - imfuyo, ibhizinisi yamagilebhisi kanye ukulima.

Monaco

Uma uzama ukuthola ukuthi yimuphi emazweni akhelene France ibalazwe evamile nezombangazwe zaseYurophu, awukwazi ukuqaphela uthi ezimbili, okuyinto sixoxa ngezansi.

Eyokuqala yalezi - ubukhulu of Monaco. Kuyinto iyizwe elincane, omunye amancanyana eYurophu. indawo ezimbili nje amakhilomitha square, kanye labantu - abantu abangaba yizinkulungwane ezingu-36. GDP lengenako - ayizinkulungwane 170 zamaRandi.

Pho inzuzo ngalesi simo amancane ephakeme? Ake sibheke kabanzi.

Njengoba sishilo phambilini, lizinga ekuthuthukisweni komnotho emazweni angomakhelwane eFrance ixhomeke izimboni, ezolimo, amasevisi kanye namabhange.

Kodwa kuleli zwe elincane incane ngakho futhi izakhamuzi eziningi, ukuthi akekho umkhakha, nanoma iyiphi enye ukukhiqizwa kwezimpahla wayengeke asonge izandla ukunikeza izwe ngokwezimali.

Ubukhulu of Monaco wazakhela injabulo izivakashi kuphela imikhakha yezomnotho. Nazi ezinye yekhasino abacebe kakhulu emhlabeni (e Monte Carlo idolobha) esiteji aphethwe of "Formula 1" izinhlanga.

Ngaphezu kwalezi zindawo, imali engaphezulu livela kokukhanyisa ukuphila komkhaya kwesikhulu phambili ekukhulumeni kwabezindaba, kanye ephezulu ezokuvakasha. Kuhlala ekhatsi Monaco kuyinto eqolo emhlabeni. Ngokwesibonelo, ukuqasha elilodwa elalingaphandle amafulethi isukela lapha esifundeni 4000 euro ngenyanga, kuyilapho imiholo ngokwesilinganiso 3200-3500 euro. Kodwa izindleko ngamunye imitha square ingcebo ukudayisa iqala kusukela 20 000-euro.

Andorra

Uma ubheka ibalazwe yezombusazwe, ngawo amazwe ke elisemngceleni France, futhi ngeke bakwazi ukubona lokhu ubukhulu yemifino komngcele eSpain. Insimu Andorra ithatha amakhilomitha square 468 kuphela. Labantu - abantu abangaba yizinkulungwane ezingu-70. GDP - isilinganiso 35,000 lengenako.

80 angu omkhiqizo wezwe bunikezwa sphere ezokuvakasha. Minyaka yonke woza lapha abantu abangaba yizigidi ezingu nesishiyagalolunye kwenqwaba ukuheha zokungcebeleka ski.

Ifanele ezolimo, amaphesenti acishe abe mabili kuphela zensimu. Khulisa ekhatsi Andorra, amazambane, ibhali, ugwayi kanye rye. Akumangalisi-ke ukuthi igama lezwe ngolimi Basque kusho "ugwadule."

Inkinga eyinhloko ubukhulu of Andorra wukuthi ezingeni yentuthuko nomnotho emazweni angomakhelwane - eFrance naseSpain - nomthelela nqgo isikhundla sakhe. Lesi simo kungenxa yokuthi kuba undersized ukungena ezweni ukudla izinto zokusetshenziswa.

A plus ocacile inqubomgomo ezithambile intela, kokungenela ubuncane emnothweni nguhulumende. Lesi sakamuva, ikakhulukazi, kwenza amabhizinisi isebenze kunjalo akukho imikhawulo.

Futhi, kukhona free ukuhweba zone. Ngakho-ke, ngo-ubukhulu of Andorra, bafike endaweni wendawo ski resort, ungathenga eliphezulu izimpahla French neSpanishi at ngezansi izindleko 25-40% kwentengo emazweni angomakhelwane.

omakhelwane "Overseas"

Ekugcineni siyakuvuna ingasaphathwa States akhelene Overseas France. Lezi zihlanganisa i-Brazil, eSuriname Netherlands Antilles.

Brazil - it is njengenkondlo ebonisa giant kwezomnotho e-Latin America. It usesikhundleni okuholela Mercosur (emakethe ehlangene yama-Ningizimu Melika). I yagxila embonini kukhona ezifundazweni eziseningizimu. Uveza zezindiza, izimoto, steel, ikhofi, ushukela, izicathulo, indwangu kanye neminye imikhiqizo.

labantu Okuningi ampofu uhlala izifunda esenyakatho ye-mpumalanga. Nokho, yona le mizi manje ekuqaleni ukuheha ukutshalwa kwezimali ezinkulu uma sicabangela ekuthuthukiseni Inqubomgomo zomnotho kuleli zwe.

Ngokungafani giant langaphambilini, Suriname yilona lizwe ezihlwempu Latin America. Umnotho isimo kusekelwe umkhakha nezolimo.
Lapha ukhiphe namafutha ekujuleni kolwandle, bauxite, igolide kanye ne-aluminium. Qoba izinkuni.

Khulisa ukhukhunathi, irayisi, amantongomane nobhanana. Kukhona abalimi wahlanganyela nemfuyo kanye nezinkukhu.

Sekukonke, ngokusho emithonjeni ezisemthethweni kulezi zindawo ezihilelekile mayelana ingxenye yesine yabantu bakhona zokusebenza.

Netherlands Antilles sogu lolwandle abhekwa omdala emhlabeni. Lesi simo uhlala ngezithukuthuku amasevisi, petroleum ukucwengwa zokuthutha, kanye nokulungiswa imikhumbi.

Ngakho, kulesi sihloko sizobe adiliza isimo somnotho lapho kukhona amazwe angomakhelwane yeFrance.

Inhlanhla nina bathandekayo. Izikhangibavakashi ngaphezulu!