Deadweight - Deadweight kuyinto ... (isitsha umthamo): Ukuqokwa

Namuhla, nohlelo lwezokuthutha izwe ngokuyisisekelo phakathi tindlela tekutfutsa letehlukene. Noma yimuphi into uthola kithi evela phesheya, zilethwe esebenzisa umgwaqo, ujantshi, emoyeni noma ulwandle ezokuthutha. Indima yokugcina lilikhulu ku amazwekazi lemagalagala amazwekazi, njengoba amanzi ihlanganisa ingxenye enkulu komhlaba, ngenxa okuyinto zokuthutha ngamaloli izitimela ukuba ngeke sisaba nempumelelo. izindiza Umlayezo ibiza kakhulu. Ikakhulukazi, indiza ukwazi ukukuthwala akuyona esindayo kangaka. Yinye kuphela uhlobo ngezokuthutha ziphoqa amakhulu eminyaka - kolwandle.

Njengoba, njengoba namhlanje ukuba zibe nobuhlobo obuhle kwezohwebo, izinhlobo eziningi izitsha ziye ekusebenzeni. Ngokwesibonelo, kukhona abathwali ngobuningi (jikelele zihlanganisa imikhumbi, abathwali ngobuningi, umentshisi), amafriji (nge umkhumbi ukupholisa imishini nezinto zokuhamba imikhiqizo), esitsheni (zokuhamba zasolwandle classical 8-foot isitsha) nabanye. Lezi zitsha deadweight isetshenziswa ukuthutha uhlobo oluthile umkhiqizo; Basuke bonke ifakwe imishini ekhethekile. Ngakho, cishe noma yikuphi izimpahla kungenziwa uthuthwa ulwandle kuphi izinto eziningi ezanele!

Indlela yokufaka isicelo enkantolo?

Iningi izimpahla eza eziningi ezinkulu, zilethwa olwandle. Lo mkhumbi uyakwazi ihlanganise izinkulungwane zamathani wezimpahla - abaningi ngeke iphakamise noma yisiphi isihloko izindiza emhlabeni. Okunye okubalulekile ukuthi kuyizindleko kuqhathaniswa eliphansi ukuthuthwa lifike esikhulu olwandle. Ukuze uqhathanise - uma indiza ngobukhulu An-225 ( "Mriya") iyakhona ahambisa amathani 120, deadweight (lokhu tonnage okwedlulele) ngisho indawo emkhunjini omncane ilingana emathanini ayizinkulungwane 3-5. Yini ukukhuluma amapulatifomu ezinkulu elintantayo ngezinto zokuhamba. Manje kuyacaca ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kwezokuthutha amanzi esebenza kahle kakhulu uma kuziwa izimpahla. Ububi imikhumbi kungenziwa ngokuthi ngaphandle kokuba isikhathi eside yalolu hambo. Nokho, akunjalo scary, ngoba ungakwazi ukuhlela ukulethwa izimpahla, benethemba lokuthola isikhathi ukulethwa kolwandle.

Bangaki ubambe umkhumbi?

Njengoba sekuphawuliwe kakade, amandla womkhumbi ephawula inkomba ezifana deadweight. Igama elithi lisuselwa deadweight isiNgisi, okusho "isisindo efile." Kuyaqondakala ukuthi mass esiphezulu uyakwazi owawuthwele kokuqhubeka umkhumbi inkambo evamile. Idlule lesi sibalo bengayi. Kubalulekile ukwazi ukuze ngempumelelo ziqashisa umkhumbi, hhayi ukukufuna ngenkani kuye ukuhamba nge izihlalo ezingenalutho hhayi overload kuze mass esibucayi. Imikhumbi deadweight ibalwa ukukhupha isisindo ezingenalutho emkhunjini, ukulungele ukuhamba, kusukela ukuthi mass, lapho isitsha egxilile ngokuphelele emanzini ezingeni we wezimpahla (ukufuduka ngokugcwele).

Yini lesi sici?

Eqinisweni, i-deadweight - umehluko zinesisindo esiphansi, okuhlangene akwanele ukuze ukulayisha ngokugcwele umkhumbi, kancane phansi imishini umkhumbi. Lapho kulayishwa lesi sici ku-akhawunti ngendlela, njengoba i value kakhulu, esiphezulu, okuyinto akwazi ukusithwala umkhumbi. izinkampani zokuthutha ukuthi umthetho-sisekelo imikhumbi ekubhekaneni zokuthutha njalo, nazi ukuthi zona lezo deadweight bomkhumbi yiyona izici ezibaluleke kakhulu yakhe, bakwazi ukusakaza imithwalo njengoba kahle ngangokunokwenzeka ku isitsha khulula. Lokhu value kungabuye ngokuthi ethwele nomthamo craft olulodwa.

Kuqakatheke ngani ukubala deadweight?

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuze ukwazi isisindo kangakanani ngangokunokwenzeka kungenziwa athuthwe emkhunjini ethile, ngosizo deadweight futhi ungakwazi ukubala kahle nenqwaba "Inkokhelo" futhi umthwalo, esidingeka ukubhukuda. Lo mqeqeshi owake wapheka zihlanganisa lezo nezinto, ngokuvumelana inkontileka, kumelwe athwale umkhumbi ukusuka endaweni A ukhombe B. Ngokuphathelene yesibili - umthwalo ukubhukuda - ke kufanele kwenziwe isibaluli zigcine ezingabangela ukungatholi amanzi ahlanzekile, amafutha kanye nezinye izinto ezivuthayo, izinqolobane amalungiselelo kanye isisindo bonke abantu ebhodini.

Ngokwe-ochwepheshe wezasekhaya zasolwandle, deadweight - kuvamise izingxenye ezimbili, kwasakazwa isilinganiso 90% kuya ku-10% esivuna Inkokhelo okuthiwa.

Izibonelo ahlukahlukene imikhumbi deadweight

Ukuze ukumela ngokucace kakhudlwana ngokuthi ingakanani le value, sihlola ezinye zezibonelo. Ngakho, kukhona umthwalo umkhumbi "Omsk", okubhekise-R2 / R3 RSN ekilasini. Lokhu umkhumbi, umzimba kokuba obuphelele 108 kanye ububanzi 15 amamitha. Ukunyakaza kwabantu noma izithunzi umkhumbi ukuphi ngezikulufo ezimbili. Ngokusho idatha kusuka Marine Register navigation deadweight "Omsk" kuyinto 3070 amathani kokubili uma ushayela ngomfula nolwandle. It kuvela ukuthi amathani angu-200 akha sesikhashana Amasheya Nama amathani cishe 2800 zingafakwa kulomkhumbi njengoba leya ngcebo. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi i-ratio ngomkhumbi wezimpahla cishe 90% kuya ku-10%, futhi kwezinye izimo 95% kuya ku-5% - ngaphezulu esivuna wezimpahla ihlanganise isikhala kuka emikhunjini umgibeli.

Okunye izici bomkhumbi

Ngokusobala, isici ezifana deadweight - kuba ipharamitha ezibalulekile, kubalulekile lapho kuhlaziywa nekusebenta umkhumbi bomkhankaso nokubaluleka kwalo kokugcina. Nokho, kusobala ukuthi akuyona kuphela kube inkomba obalulekile. Ngokwesibonelo, ziqashisa craft elintantayo futhi kufanele sinake umthamo isamba yombango kanye osayizi yabo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, indima ebalulekile udlalwa uhlobo wezimpahla isitsha, isisulu saso uya khona (ukuthuthwa noma yiziphi izimpahla isetshenziswa okokuqala nokubaluleke).

Ngokuvamile, izinkomba ezifana umthamo, inendima enkulu. Ngalo wabhekana abagqugquzeli traffic njalo umkhumbi is ukulayishwa.