Bird flu: izimpawu kubantu. Ukwelashwa, nokuvinjelwa, izimpawu zokuqala

Umkhuhlane wezilwane (H5N1) ibizwa ngokuthi ezihlukahlukene Umkhuhlane amagciwane ezithelela izinyoni futhi angadluliselwa kusuka umuntu kubo. ekudluliselweni kwesifo kwenzeka ngokuyinhloko umzila fecal-ngomlomo.

Imininingwane zomlando

Umkhuhlane wezilwane kwaqala ukubikwa ngawo-Italy e 1880. Ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-21, isifo sandile ngokusebenzisa izinyoni ezifudukayo kusuka South East Asia nakwamanye amazwe, njenge-Austria, eJalimane, eSweden, eCzechoslovakia futhi Romania, Asia, eNingizimu naseNyakatho Melika , Afrika. Umkhuhlane wezilwane kutholakele eRussia ngo-2005, yena waba ezisenza sasendle ezifudukayo Waterfowl. kokugqashuka akophulwanga ohlangothini Novosibirsk, Omsk, Tyumen, Kurgan, Chelyabinsk izifunda kanye Altai Territory. I hit elilandelayo yileli gciwane of Kalmykia, Tula esifundeni, Turkey kanye Romania.

Ngokokuqala ngqá inyoni umkhuhlane virus kubantu sabhalwa ngo 1997 e-Hong Kong.

Iyini ingozi yesifo

Lolu hlobo umkhuhlane kuyingozi kakhulu abantu, nezilwanyana ezincane kukhona esithathelanayo kakhulu ibangele ukulimala omkhulu emaphashini, igciwane kungathelela kwesibindi, nezinso ingqondo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, akazwelani interferon izidakamizwa, "rimantadine" futhi ivame ukuba ishintshe, okwenza kube yingozi nakakhulu. Nokufa lesi sifo impela high futhi 50-80%.

Ngikuphi okuhlukileko kuneGreyidini abavamile umkhuhlane umkhuhlane wezinyoni?

Izimpawu kubantu ekuqaleni zifane izimpawu Umkhuhlane njalo. Ikhala elivuzayo, ukukhwehlela, izinga lokushisa komzimba yanda, indoda uba ntekenteke nevilaphayo. Kodwa imiphumela isifo esinzima kakhulu, iningi amacala ziyabulala.

Ngakho-ke, uma umnotho izinkontileka okungenani oyedwa inyoni, ukubulala yonke imfuyo ukuze ugweme nemiphumela emibi ngendlela efanayo.

ukudluliswa endleleni

Umthombo ukutheleleka - kukhona Waterfowl zasendle. Abanaso agule. Ukuba emanzini amile, inyoni indle kwesokunxele lapho igciwane ngokusebenzisa amanzi itheleleke Waterfowl yenkukhu, bese bonke abanye abanezimoto emnothweni.

Man Igciwane wadluliselwa amaconsi sisemoyeni. Uma ukukhwehlela in izinkukhu ukuma amaconsi isikhwehlela noma amathe. Ukuhogela kubo, umuntu uthelelekile. I Lingadluliselwa ngokuthintana, ngokuthinta ngezihloko kukhona ukwabiwa yenkukhu onesifo.

Lingaqhubeka liphila iminyaka eminingi ezingeni lokushisa ngezansi lokususa 70 ° C, futhi kungakho zigcinwe endaweni inyama eqandisiwe. Adlulile ukushisa iphathwa inyama ukubulala ngokuphepha igciwane at +70 ° C, ngaphezu, ayikwazi ukumelana okuphindaphindiwe zeqhwa eziningi (izikhathi ezingaphezu kwezingu-5).

ingozi High yokubamba igciwane kubantu abasebenza izinkukhu amapulazi, izakhamuzi zasemakhaya, usabalalisa yenkukhu. Futhi engozini izingane, abesifazane abakhulelwe kanye nabantu asebekhulile.

imphawu letibalulekile

Ngo izinyoni, lesi sifo kungavuka amafomu ezimbili ezihlukene. Inketho yokuqala akanayo nemiphumela emibi ngendlela efanayo. Bird, owayegula, iyeke ukuthela, yayibona ukukhwehlela, izimpaphe basuke ezidlikizekile. Samuntu yesibili, lapho kukhona ukulahleka zokuphefumula, wokugaya ukudla, ebulalayo.

Kanjani umuntu bird flu? Izimpawu kubantu kusaqalwa zifana izimpawu ezivamile umkhuhlane uyabanda noma, kodwa ngokushesha okukhulu jikisa nenyumoniya. isifo ngokuvamile kuyaphela ekufeni.

Isikhathi bayashintshana ekufukameleni kuya ezinsukwini eziyishumi eziyisikhombisa. Lesi sifo ekuqaleni acute - ne lokushisa eliphezulu, ubuhlungu emisipheni nasemalungeni. Izinga lokushisa (mayelana 38 ° C) ubanjwe izinsuku 10-12, ezimweni ezinzima iqhubeka kwaze kwaba sekufeni.
Laryngitis, rhinitis, ukucinana kwemigudu yokuphefumula avele izinsuku 2-3, kukhona emphinjeni ezinzima kakhulu. Kanye ukuthuthukiswa ezinjalo izimpawu pneumonia yegciwane kwenzeka isifo ezinjengomkhuhlane wezinyoni.

Izimpawu kubantu kungenzeka hhayi kuphela adakwe catarrhal. Isikhathi esining impela kwakuthinta, futhi ipheshana emathunjini, ephelezelwa ukuhlanza, uhudo, ubuhlungu besisu. Kungase kube ngopha emakhaleni noma izinsini. Umuntu waphathwa umkhuhlane wezinyoni, kuba fast kakhulu ngokuwohloka impilo.

ukuhlola

Udinga usizo lochwepheshe bezokwelapha ngesikhathi izinsolo kancane Umkhuhlane wezinyoni. Izimpawu kubantu okwenzeka ngemva kokuba ama contact nezinyoni ezigulayo noma indoda, kukhona isizathu sokuba ukwelashwa ngokushesha kudokotela. Udokotela-Umeluleki sizohlola futhi uxoxe isiguli, kanye ukhethe ukucwaninga okwengeziwe. Lapho ukulalela emaphashini uma basungula i-pneumonia, kuchazwe ukuphefumula kanzima, babe crackles. Phakathi kwezithombe ze-X ray Kutholwe lubhebhethekise kokuziphatha.

Ngokuvamile, ukuhlaziya igazi ngesifo enjalo ukwehla kwenani leukocyte, ama-lymphocyte nama-platelet. Ukuze ukusazi ngokunembile isifo esikuphethe, ngaphezu ukuhlolwa igazi, kumelwe kudlule swab kusukela ekhaleni.

Kubantu, nesineke kungaba isibindi lakhulisiwe angagcina nokwehluleka ukusebenza kwezinso.

Indlela esiphatha ngayo?

Wezilwane ukwelashwa umkhuhlane senzeka umnyango ezithathelwanayo esibhedlela lapho umuntu uzobe aqokwe izidakamizwa elwa namagciwane, ke kokuba ukwelashwa lingaze. Ezisetshenziswa kakhulu izidakamizwa elwa namagciwane "Tamiflu", eye yasetshenziswa ngempumelelo ngesikhathi kubhubhane ka 2008 no-2009.

Ngaphansi ababuthakathaka, kodwa eziphumelelayo izidakamizwa ekwelapheni of umkhuhlane wezinyoni - lokhu "Arbidol", elawulwa ngezilinganiso okusezingeni eliphezulu enikezela umphumela esiphezulu namagciwane. Nge ukushisa nomkhuhlane kokusisiza ukuba sibhekane nesimo izidakamizwa equkethe acetaminophen ( "ibuprofen", "Nise", "Efferalgan"). Izidakamizwa eziqukethe interferon okudingekayo ukuze kuqinise amasosha omzimba isiguli.

Okunye futhi okubaluleke ngokufanayo inyumbazana ephelele isiguli, okuyinto evimbela ukutheleleka nabantu abaseduze kwabo. Umuntu ogulayo kufanele abe imikhiqizo ngabanye inhlanzeko yomuntu siqu, okokulala, izingubo zokugqoka, ukudla, njll Esigabeni acute lesi sifo ngokuvamile kudingeka ukugeza engenhla ipheshana zokuphefumula, ukuze balahle isikhwehlela zanqwabelana. Ngaphezu kwalokho, isiguli kumele ahlale edla ukudla okuqinile, khipha noma umkhawulo ethosiwe, ukudla okubabayo futhi ene-asidi.

zokuvimbela

Ukuze kugwenywe, kudingeka ukuba:

• Gwema ukuthintana izinyoni zasendle.
• Izingane kufanele kungavunyelwe ukuwondla ngesandla.
• Lapho kuvela izimpawu kancane ukugula in izinkukhu kudingeka ukuba kubhubhe namunye, kubika lesi sigameko nomtholampilo wezilwane.
• Found yenkukhu efile, kufanele ngokushesha nimngcwabe, ngokubeka ezizenza obukhulu, izingubo ezivikelayo amagilavu.
• Uma une yenkukhu, ungakhohlwa ukugeza njalo izandla zabo ngokuphelele.
• Udinga ukuba ibhekane ukwelashwa prophylactic in a isikhungo sokwelapha, ensimini, lapho Umkhuhlane wezinyoni kutholakele. Prevention kuhlanganisa lokugoma, futhi uthole i imithi elwa namagciwane.
• Nakuba izimo ukutheleleka emva ukusetshenziswa inkukhu inyama awazange kubhaliswe ngokusemthethweni, kubalulekile ukukhumbula izinyathelo zokuphepha lapho upheka inyama yenkukhu kanye namaqanda. ukwelashwa ukushisa Qaphela kusiza ukubhubhisa igciwane.

Uma uzithola ngisho izimpawu kancane Umkhuhlane wezinyoni ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka, xhumana isikhungo wezokwelapha. ukunakekelwa kwezempilo esifike ngesikhathi futhi ezanele uyosindisa impilo, futhi ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu - ngisho nokuphila.