Izinga Allowable utshwala egazini. Kuyini izinga utshwala kuvunyelwe beshayela?

Umthetho Russian reappeared into ezingeni kuvunyelwe okuqukethwe utshwala - emva kweminyaka 2.5 ngemva yokukhansela yayo. Futhi izigidi abashayeli bavele eziningi imibuzo mayelana nokuthi ingabe izinga loshintsho igazi utshwala okuqukethwe ziqhathaniswa ngaphambilini kwentelwa kutsi letichibiyelo futhi ukuthi kungenzeka ukubuyisela amalungelo uthathile ngesisekelo isiphelo sesimiso utshwala ebukhoneni ukuba ngaphansi kophawu noma emakamu efanayo.

Lisho ukuthini breathalyzer

Le divayisi sayo, esikhombisa imali utshwala emzimbeni womuntu. Ngesikhathi esifanayo kuba a nightmare yanoma yimuphi umshayeli. Indlela elula utshwala abahloli - SIMS tube futhi "Ukulawula ukulinganisela" umane ukuthola ubukhona utshwala, kodwa alibonisi lokuhlushwa yayo.

Ngu aphoyintimenti ukwabelana kumadivayisi nokomuntu siqu. Ngo wodwana secrete utshwala abahloli ngenxa amaphoyisa omgwaqo. Kuyinto ngabo kunqunywa izinga utshwala kuvunyelwe beshayela. Breathalyzer show ubuningi ppm. Yileyo ndlela abaningi amagremu utshwala ilitha legazi liqukethe. Ngokwesibonelo, omunye ppm - 1 g utshwala okumsulwa eziqukethwe ilitha igazi. Ngakho, lapho aguqulwa kuphesenteji, lokhu kusho 0.1%. It kuphela uhlala ukuze ungeze ukuthi ppm eyodwa - lokuhlushwa eliphezulu, okusho ukuthi ukudakwa abalulekile.

Ngingaba ukukopela kudivayisi

Inganekwane evamile - breathalyzer kungaba ukukopela ngokusebenzisa amaqhinga ehlukene kanye gimmicks. Ngokwesibonelo, aphuze 100 g amafutha sunflower noma ukuhlafuna amaswidi, Batters unuka utshwala. Kunzima ukucabanga ukuthi umphumela amafutha kunzima nakakhulu ukuzibona ngeso lengqondo umuntu okwaziyo ukuphuza okungenani isigamu umthamo watusa. Kodwa lapha mints musa ncamashi asize. Idivayisi iyaphendula yokubakhona utshwala ku awumoya okhishwa ngamakhala, hhayi nephunga, ngakho ukumkhohlisa ngeke zisebenze.

Ungakwazi Yiqiniso, ukuba bakopele futhi ukushaya nge, uma usebenzisa idivaysi ngaphandle isetshenziswa, kodwa uma umhloli amaphoyisa omgwaqo waphawula kusiza ke uthukuthele kakhulu. Udweshu abasebenzi amaphoyisa omgwaqo akuyona umzamo!

Ngakho indlela kuphela - umshayeli kuphela ngesilinganiso avunyelwe utshwala egazini. Okungukuthi, kubalulekile ukuba kudle imimoya kancane, futhi kuhle ayishiye ngokuphelele kubo. Futhi uma ungakwazi ukwenza ngaphandle kotshwala, futhi kusasa kudingeka ukuba beshayela, udinga ukulala kahle ebusuku, dinner eqotho futhi ibhulakufesi, mhlawumbe uthathe sauna. Nakuba utshwala umusi okugeza - akuyona inhlanganisela kangcono impilo yakho.

Indlela singakhohliswa

Imikhonyovu zitholakala yonke indawo, futhi, njengoba sad, kunjalo futhi phakathi nabasebenzi omgwaqo. Ngokwesibonelo, ungasebenzisa idivayisi, okhombisa khona utshwala, ngisho noma umshayeli wemoto engakwazanga ukuyigwema baphuze utshwala. Kanjani ukwenza kulesi simo?

Kuyadingeka ukuba sigcizelele ukuthi sibe ngihlolwa! Njengomthetho, lapho umshayeli ngokuzethemba athi akabe baphuze futhi ilungele ngihlolwa, wadedelwa nge axolise. Noma ngaphandle kudingeka axolise.

Nokho, ukuthi awufuni nje ukushayela udakiwe, kodwa futhi eduze nemoto yakhe isimo udakiwe. Uma umshayeli odakiwe ebambekile eduze imoto yakhe, kungaba ukuphuca amalungelo kungakhathaliseki wayezomvusa ngiye ndawana-thize noma nje ufuna ahlale ngaphakathi. Ukuze afakazele ukuthi akanacala kulesi simo kuyize, futhi inkantolo imele cishe njalo ohlangothini amaphoyisa womgwaqo.

Umthetho omdala

Izinga Allowable utshwala beshayela - akuyona emisha, kodwa ukubuya nokuchitshiyelwa ubudala ithuba RF umthetho. Bakhandwa yethulwa ngo 2008 kwezinhlansi ukwamukelwa jikelele. Njengoba isibonelo, tishayamtsetfo takitsi ekhonjiwe isipiliyoni aseYurophu ne-USA. Esikrinini TV lizwakalise ngokuphindaphindiwe kangakanani ungakwazi uphuze ephansi utshwala kanye nemimoya, hhayi ukulahlekelwa yinoma yiliphi ilungelo. Ngakho lokho izinga utshwala egazini ukuthi ngaphambili lelipelwe e kwakhishwa umthetho onjalo?

Abashayeli ongaqhuba umshini endaweni lotshwala okumsulwa ngamunye 0.3 g e ilitha igazi futhi 0.15 g okhishwa ngamakhala ngayinye. Nokho, ngo-2010 kwalezi zichibiyelo uyekwa - kanye nezinga avumelekile utshwala egazini futhi kwaba zero. Lokhu kwabangela isiyaluyalu futhi nenhlawulo omkhulu abashayeli ongazange asazi ngesethulo umthetho "ezomile".

Breathalyzer asabela ngayo kefir noma kvass

Iningi ngokuvamile phakathi ukukhala thukuthele yezwakala namatemu awukwazi ngisho baphuze isiphuzo yogurt ngaphambi kokuthi ufike ngemuva kwesondo. Ngenxa breathalyzer okuthiwa ucosha ngisho emakamu kulencane utshwala, futhi sikhombisa ngaphandle zero value, okuholela ngqo bokuhlukaniswa amalungelo.

Ingabe kuyiqiniso lokhu? Ngokwezinga elithile, yebo. Ngokwesibonelo, uma isiphuzo phisa noma ubhiya non-utshwala (utshwala ukuze 0.5%), bese ambalwa ngemva isiphuzo ukusetshenziswa iyunithi ongabonisa 1-1.5 ppm. Kodwa ngomzuzu olandelayo ukufundwa iwe zero. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi isampuli lokuqala kwathathwa cishe intuthu, futhi awulula, njengoba kudingeka.

Kukhona okusobala phakathi isisindo umuntu, amandla isiphuzo futhi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi ngemva ukusetshenziswa. Kwakucatshangwa ukuthi uma umshayeli baphuze Imizimba isilinganiso ezine amalitha kvass (castle 0.5%), bese nengxenye ihora breathalyzer ukukhombisa 0.12 ppm kanye 1.5 amahora - 0 ppm. Kodwa Kunzima ukucabanga umuntu oke baphuza 4 amalitha kvass, futhi wasuka ngokushesha beshayela. I nzima ukuphuza esilinganayo yogurt. Ngakho-ke kuvela ukuthi abashayeli ize thukuthele? Sasingekho isidingo ukubuyela ukuchitshiyelwa?

breathalyzer Ukunemba

Abashayeli unawo wonke ilungelo ukubathukuthelela, ikakhulukazi labo ungaphuzi utshwala at kwesondo ngaso sonke. Iqiniso ukuthi breathalyzer kuyinto iphutha nesilinganiso, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi kuncane. Ngo uhla Ubukhulu encane (kufika ku-0.5), kuba ngokuvamile, ± 0.05 ppm. Ngokwandisa lotshwala ngesiphambeko ngamakhala bengase bazikhandlele 15-20% lokufunda. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuthi zinembile lincike ohlotsheni kudivayisi futhi izimo sezulu.

Eqinisweni, uma sicabanga ukuthi izinga utshwala egazini umshayeli kufanele kube zero, kubalulekile ukuba ngandlela-thile acabangele iphutha kungenzeka. Futhi yilokho isingeniso begxile kakhulu ka nokuchibiyela imithetho Russian. Okungukuthi, abashayeli musa enikeza imvume yokuba le utshwala, ngisho ngemithamo emincane, futhi kuncishiswe amathuba isijeziso engenabulungisa futhi asekelwe ebufakazini babantu amanga breathalyzer.

Lokho kungaba nomthelela kudivayisi ngokufunda

Izinga Allowable utshwala ngesikhathi beshayela awukwazi ukuba uziro, hhayi kuphela ngenxa yesiphambeko yomculo. Kunezici eziningana ezingase zithinte breathalyzer. Lo muthi utshwala wokuxubha asekelwe mouthwash, ugwayi, ukudla nge iphunga eqinile, izitsha okubabayo, Mint ushingamu futhi yikuphi ukudla lapho eziningi amafutha abalulekile. Loluhlu ngempela umxhwele, kodwa njengoba scary njengoba kubonakala. Ukwanda the ukufundwa kungabonakala nasemkhakheni kuphela imizuzu embalwa ngemva ukusetshenziswa kwemikhiqizo ezithile. Emva kwalesi sikhathi, esikalini sizobonisa zero noma mntwana omncane, okuyinto ibekwe ku ezahlukene iphutha ovumelekile.

Kodwa le nkolelo-ze abesabekayo ezingeni ephakeme utshwala endogenous asamukelanga isiqinisekiso. Ngokwe-ochwepheshe abanekhono, inani emzimbeni yomuntu evamile incane kangangokuba akasabeli kunoma iyiphi idivayisi.

Kuvunyelwe amazinga utshwala zokushayela

Ngakho, kukhona kungenzeka ngephutha, futhi ngenxa yalokho, kufanele ibuyiselwe isichibiyelo. Kuyinto lesi sinqumo senziwe yi-Duma State kanye emuva uyinto efana izinga elamukelekayo utshwala. 2013 kwaba isikhathi impikiswano enkulu. Akuwona wonke umuntu ecabanga ukuthi lokhu Yiqiniso ezinengqondo. Noma kunjalo, kwenziwa isinqumo. Imiholo utshwala egazini - 0 ppm. Inani OKUVUMELEKILE utshwala ngokuphelele exhale - 0,16 ppm. Yini lezi zinombolo ukuthini? Lesi sihloko 12.8 Administrative Ikhodi inothi echaza ukuthi umthwalo umshayeli kwenzeka uma izidakamizwa noma izidakamizwa psychotropic emzimbeni wakhe noma khona ka ETHYL utshwala emakamu okweqa 0,16 mg ilitha emoyeni ngamunye. Lokhu value kunqunywa ukuba mkhulu kakhulu kunanoma yimaphi iphutha kungenzeka.

Eqinisweni, lokhu kusho ukuthi isichibiyelo umshayeli ayikwazi baphuze, futhi okuhloswe ngalo ukuqeda imikhuba eyonakele traffic amaphoyisa ukunciphisa inani abashayeli ngendlela engenabulungisa ijeziswe, okuyinto disempower ngisho izinombolo ultrasmall ku alkotestere.

amarekhodi zezokwelapha

Futhi ngokuya narcologists, yini okufanele izinga utshwala egazini? Ppm - isilinganiso eyenza umuntu angakwazi ukuhlonza lotshwala, kodwa eqinisweni lezi zinombolo ukuthini?

Ngakho-ke, ukulinganisela ngokuphelele, noma uziro lotshwala cishe alikho, futhi umuntu ukuba unikeze ubufakazi 0,1-0,13 ppm ubhekwa esisangulukisayo. Lapho 0.2-0.5 - encishisiwe bezibona izinto ezinyakazayo, ukunakwa encishisiwe kanye okuhlushwa. Lost ngokuqapha.

I lokuhlushwa 0.5-0.7 libonisa ukuthi umuntu akakwazi kahle ukulinganisa ibanga ukuhlukanisa imibala bese ugcine ibhalansi. Muhle impendulo kancane. Nokho, lapho uhlala sengqondo sokugxeka esimweni somuntu siqu.

Ngezinye 0.7-1.3 ppm kwenzeka isimo uzwakalise ukudakwa: kwehle ukunakwa, ukungakwazi ukuhlolwa okusheshayo isimo. I lokuhlushwa 1.3-2.4 - a ukudakwa eqinile. Kubantu, kahle inkulumo kanye nokudidiyela. ukuzithiba Ayikho.

Izinga Asemphethweni utshwala egazini - 3-5 ppm. Kuyinto ebulalayo.

Ngakho, njengoba singabona, kwentelwa kutsi letichibiyelo emisha esekelwe amarekhodi zezokwelapha langempela. Futhi uma Ngaphambilini uvumele 0.3 ayizinkulungwane ngamunye igazi, okuyinto abashayeli eziningi ziye zathatha njengoba ilayisensi baphuza phambi uhambo, kodwa manje abakwazi baphuze iziphuzo ezinamandla.

Izinga Allowable utshwala egazini emazweni ahlukahlukene

Russian Federation - akulona izwe kuphela lapho kwenqatshelwe ukushayela imoto ngemva kokuthatha iziphuzo ezidakayo. Lo mkhuba yethulwa e-United Arab Emirates, Japan, Romania, Saudi Arabia, Iraq, Armenia futhi kwamanye amazwe amaningana.

• Ngo-Algeria Albania igazi kuvunyelwe utshwala isilinganiso - 0.1 ppm.
• E-Estonia, Norway futhi Poland - 0.2.
• EGeorgia, Belarus ne-Uruguay - 0.3.
• ELithuania futhi Jamaica - 0.4.
• E-Fulansi, Monaco, Thailand nasePortugal avumele 0.5 ppm.
• In Bolivia, Honduras futhi Ecuador - 0.7.
• Bahamas, eNgilandi, iMelika Singapore - 0.8.

Inani kunazozonke kwezinkambiso kuvunyelwe kule Cayman Islands neLesotho - 1 ppm. Inani lamazwe, ezifana Ethiopia, Bhutan futhi Angola akazange agcine nje ukuba abashayeli basebenzise izinhlobo zophuzo oludakayo.

Ngingaba ukubuyela umthetho, ecaphuna khona iphutha breathalyzer

Kungenzeka, uma sizibonakalisa ukuthi sensimbi sine ngempela. Lokhu kusho ukuthi kumelwe ibhekane lapho ngihlolwa, elibonisa ukungabi khona utshwala egazini. lobo bufakazi kuphela inkantolo ibona eyanele ukwenza isinqumo esivuna umshayeli.

Uma ungadluli luhlolo ngesikhathi, ungalahlekelwa ilayisense yokushayela zabo.

Kanjani ukubuyela ngakwesokudla ngemva umthetho omusha

Kulokhu, lo retroactivity osebenzayo, abashayeli ukuthambisa wajeziswa ngenca lokucasula. Lokhu kulawulwa ingxenye Isihloko sesibili. 1.7 kweKhodi Administrative.

Lokho, uma umshayeli bancishwa amalungelo ngenxa okuqukethwe utshwala we okhishwa ngamakhala ukuze 0,16 ppm, Singasebenza le liqulwe kabusha enkantolo Mediation ngokuqondene ukwamukelwa ukuchibiyela entsha. Ngenxa yalokho, umthetho retroactive osebenzayo.

Abashayeli ojeziswa lokuhlushwa 0,16 ppm nangaphezulu, ngeke ukwazi ukwenza ilayisensi yokushayela.

abashayeli-poll

Ngasekuqaleni izinga avumelekile utshwala egazini kwaba 0.3 ppm, okwenza bakwazi abashayeli ukuphuza utshwala ngaphandle kokwesaba ukuthi kuyodingeka ulahlekelwe amalungelo abo. Namuhla Uvunyelwe ukuba 0,16 ppm ku umoya (nokuthi kungenzeka Iphutha Imininingwane). Kodwa abaningi indlela abashayeli odakiwe ngempela?

Ngokwenhlolo-vo ye engaziwa odakiwe beshayela njalo ahlale 2.7% wabaphenduli. Cishe ingxenye yabo bonke abaphendula (49.2%) bathi ungalokothi ukushayela udakiwe imoto, ngoba athwala ingozi umonakalo empilweni yakhe, abantu abangabazi, umndeni, kanye nokwenzeka ekufeni. Ungaphuzi ngoba besaba ukulahlekelwa amalungelo% 8.8 kuphela abashayeli. Futhi okuningi ukuqaphela ukuthi ukushayela udakiwe imoto ngesikhathi enye ingxenye yomuzi, emigwaqweni ezweni eyihlane. Futhi amaphesenti angu-14.8 kulabo okwaxoxwa nabo bavuma ukuthi okungenani kanye ukuqhuba imoto "kahle odakiwe".

Ngokuvamile, kwentelwa kutsi letichibiyelo yokutholwa kungenziwa ngokuthi imvume kulabo amasekela ababefuna ukungena izinga langempela utshwala, kodwa babephikisana ngokuthi amaphutha ithuluzi, umshayeli-abanesifo sikashukela kanye nezinga utshwala endogenous. Futhi manje sinawo embundwini 0,16 ppm, okuyinto Awenzelwe iyiphi ohlangothini iphutha. Kulokhu, awukwazi bese uyashayela - futhi kube kufanele. Phela, ubudlelwano phakathi ukwanda utshwala egazini abashayeli kanye nokunyuswa kwenani Isibalo sezingozi Sekuyisikhathi eside wazibonakalisa futhi ayidingi isiqinisekiso eyengeziwe futhi ukuqinisekisa.