Izimiso eziyisisekelo zokuxhumana komsakazo

Ngo-1887, uHenry Hertz wabonisa ukuthi amandla kagesi angathunyelwa esibhakabhakeni ngendlela yamavolumu omsakazo awela emkhathini ngesibindi sokukhanya. Lokhu kutholakala kusize ukuthuthukisa izimiso zokuxhumana zomsakazo, ezisetshenziswa namuhla. Ngaphezu kwalokho, usosayensi wafakazela ukuthi amagagasi omsakazo anomshini wokushisa kagesi, futhi isici sabo esiyinhloko yisilinganiso lapho i-energy igxuma khona phakathi kwamagesi kagesi namagnetic. Imvamisa ku-Hz (Hz) ihlobene nobubanzi be-λ, okuyinto ibanga elihamba ngomsakazo omsakazo ngesikhathi se-oscillation eyodwa. Ngakho-ke, ifomula elandelayo itholakala: λ = C / F (lapho C ilingana nesivinini sokukhanya).

Izimiso zokuxhumana zomsakazo zisekelwe ekuhanjisweni kwamagagasi omsakazo ophethe ulwazi. Bangakwazi ukudlulisa idatha yezwi noma yedijithali. Ukwenza lokhu, umsakazo kufanele ube nalokhu:

- Idivaysi yokuqoqa ulwazi ngesignali kagesi (isibonelo, imakrofoni). Lesi signali sibizwa ngokuthi yi-main frequency band ebangeni elivamile lomsindo.

- I-modulator yolwazi lokufaka ulwazi ebhenini levama yesignali kumvamisa omsakazo akhethiwe .

- I-Transmitter, isignali yamandla esignali esithumela e-antenna.

- I-Antenna esuka endongeni eqhubayo yokuhamba okude, okuzokhipha umsakazo we-electromagnetic wave.

- I-signal amplifier ngakwesokunxele.

- I-Demodulator, ezokwazi ukubuyisela ulwazi lwangempela kwisignali yomsakazo esamukelwe.

- Okokugcina, idivayisi yokukhiqiza ulwazi oludlulisiwe (isibonelo, i-loudspeaker).

Izimiso zokuxhumana komsakazo

Isimiso sesimanje sokuxhumana komsakazo sakhulelwa ekuqaleni kwekhulu leminyaka elidlule. Ngaleso sikhathi umsakazo wasungulwa ikakhulukazi ngezwi nomculo. Kodwa maduzane kwenzeka ukuthi basebenzise izimiso zokuxhumana zomsakazo zokudluliselwa kolwazi oluyinkimbinkimbi. Isibonelo, njengombhalo. Lokhu kwaholela ekusungulweni kwethebula le-Morse.

Ukuvame ukukhuluma, umculo noma i-telegraph yukuthi ulwazi oluyisisekelo lubhalwe ngezimpawu ezizwakalayo ezibonakala ngobukhulu kanye nokuvama (Hz). Abantu bangazwa imisindo ebubanzi buka-30 Hz kuze kufike ku-12,000 Hz. Lolu hlu lubizwa ngokuthi i-spectrum yemisindo.

I-spectrum yemisakazo yomsakazo ihlukaniswe ngamaqembu ahlukahlukene . Ngamunye wayo unezici ezithile eziphathelene nokushisa nokumiswa emkhathini. Qinisekisa izinhlelo zokusebenza zokuxhumana ezichazwe etafuleni elingezansi, elisebenza kolunye uhlangothi.

Namuhla kunzima ukucabanga ukuthi bekuyokwenzani isintu ngaphandle kokuxhumana komsakazo, okutholile ukusebenza kwawo kumadivayisi amaningi anamuhla. Isibonelo, izimiso zokuxhumana zomsakazo kanye nethelevishini ziyasetshenziswa kumafoni omakhalekhukhwini, izikhibhodi, i-GPRS, i-Wi-Fi, amanethiwekhi wekhompyutha angenantambo njalonjalo.