Izigaba yephrojekthi: inhlangano kanye nokulungisa, usesho, kokugcina

Mayelana nezinguquko ezenzekayo empilweni yomphakathi wezwe kubukezwe lokho okuyizidingo eziseqhulwini kanye namanani e esikoleni, wabeka izilungiselelo ezintsha, funa izindlela ezintsha ukuze bafinyelele imigomo yabo.

Ukugcizelela amasha kwimfundo

Emacophelo likahulumeni zenzelwe ukuqinisekisa ukuthi kusukela wezemfundo out elikhanyayo, abantu yokudala abakghona ngokuzimela ukukhiqiza ulwazi oludingekayo. Ukuze abafundi ukuba wenze izinqumo ezinolwazi, zihlela nemisebenzi yabo, kulula ukuba ukuzivumelanisa nesimo esisha, niche ekhethekile lensha kwalesi simiso semfundo uthethe imisebenzi iphrojekthi zezingane.

Inani imisebenzi yazo yesikole

Ngaphambi esikoleni othisha ukubeka umsebenzi onzima - kumiswa ubuntu ngokuvumelanayo athuthukile. uhlelo lesimanje lesayensi ziwumthwalo nezimfuneko kunalokho esiqinile ngoba isethulo nasekubulaleni ezihlukahlukene izinto, ngakho imisebenzi iphrojekthi yezingane kufanele yakhelwe. Kanjani ukufundisa abafundi bakghone ukwenza kuhle iphrojekthi, ukucacisa injongo yawo eyisisekelo, ukuzibekela imigomo?

Ukusiza othisha GEF zenzelwe. imisebenzi Project ngaphansi izimfuneko ezintsha - imfuneko lomsebenzi futhi umfundi nothisha. On the umkhandlu othisha ' isinqumo iyilokho yakha guys sizosebenza amaphrojekthi.

Isidingo imisebenzi yazo yesikole

umsebenzi ophuthumayo imfundo yesimanje ukuthuthukiswa ukubekezelelana, emakhonweni okukhulumisana, nokuzethemba. Akukhona ukusetshenziswa ngokwanele computer. Ayoba ithuluzi yokudlulisela kanye nenguquko yolwazi olutholakale ngokuhamba izifundo zabo. Umphakathi silindelwe oda esikoleni - imfundo zezakhamizi, akwazi ukujwayela ezingokoqobo zokuphila kwanamuhla. Leyo ndlela ucwaningo kusiza ukuba sibhekane nale nkinga, kodwa ngenxa amaphrojekthi zezingane uthandwa kangaka.

Kuyini indlela design

Ehunyushiwe kwiphrojekthi Latin kuzwakala "siphonswa phambili." Le nqubo kuba inhlanganisela amasu zemfundo kanye nasemakhonweni okuhlakanipha sokubhekana phakathi izenzo ukuzimela umfundi nanoma iyiphi inkinga. Ngemva kokuphela izilaleli anikezwe amaphrojekthi ngempela ngomumo. Design umsebenzi esikukweleta-United States. Ekuqaleni kwekhulu leminyaka elidlule, uthisha waseMelika sefilosofi John. Dewey uhlongoza ukwakha yokufunda ngokuhlanganyela abafundi emisebenzini esisebenzayo. Ukuthuthukiswa yephrojekthi Kusolwa siqu umfundi isithakazelo imiphumela eyatholakala.

ERussia, yokufunda project laqanjwa ngaphansi kokuqondisa S. T. Shatskogo, uthisha odumile waseRussia. Ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20, lapho wakha iqembu abangane nabo ihlaziye ukusetshenziswa kwamasu nezindlela design esikoleni, ukusebenza kwazo. Emazweni angaphandle, indlela iphrojekthi lithole isidingo, ngoba sihlanganise ulwazi theory kanye ngokoqobo nezinkinga ezithile.

Izimfuneko ukusebenzisa izindlela kwiphrojekthi OC

Izingane amaphrojekthi kumelwe ahlangabezane nezimfuneko ezithile:

• Ukuba khona inkinga, ikhambi okuyinto ebalulekile kokubili abacwaningi nasemphakathini.
• Khomba izindawo umsebenzi.
• Ukukhethwa yezindlela lapho umsebenzi kuyofezwa.
• Imiphumela elindelekile.
• Izigaba eyinhloko imisebenzi phrojekthi.
• Iziphetho imiphumela, ingxoxo yabo.

typology amaphrojekthi

Ukuthuthukiswa yephrojekthi kumele kwenziwe ikhumbula izici zayo typological asetshenziswe ngezigaba. Umsebenzi evelele kulindeleke ezinguqulweni ezilandelayo: Ekwenza Umlingiswa, isicelo yokudala, injini. Ngesihloko-walokucuketfwe kungaba monoproekty kanye nomsebenzi imikhakha eyahlukene.

Umsebenzi ku ukudidiyela imisebenzi iphrojekthi ikhululekile, eqinile ezifihliwe. Kanyekanye ukusebenza inkinga efanayo kungahlukanisa izingane ezikoleni ezahlukene edolobheni, ezindaweni ezahlukene, amazwe. Izigaba iphrojekthi imisebenzi okuhlose ukhombise isikhathi ukuqaliswa yabo. Lokhu kuyiqiniso ikakhulukazi imisebenzi yesikhathi eside, kubalwa iminyaka embalwa.

Isampula umsebenzi wesikole

Isampula ezihlongozwayo, inikezwe zonke izigaba imisebenzi phrojekthi. Ake sibheke-ke njengoba kubekiwe ngangokunokwenzeka futhi uzobe ihlukaniswe izigaba.

Le phrojekthi "Amasiko kasawoti Pomeranian"

Kusukela esikhathini eside esidlule, indoda usefunde awanakuhwamukiswa ithebula usawoti emanzini olwandle. Ngale ndlela, kuba kwanelisa ingxenye yesithathu yazo zonke izidingo isintu umkhiqizo edingekayo. Ngesikhathi izimayini usawoti White Sea waqala kudala. I lasendulo "imisebenzi usawoti" ine amakhono emvelo. Salt ayahwamuka kusukela amanzi ngaphansi kwethonya kwelanga, ngoba iminyaka eyinkulungwane 4-5 edlule yayinesimo sezulu kunakwezinye njengamanje. Ngaleso ukukhiqizwa isikhathi usawoti kwaba ukudoba inzuzo kanye nosawoti - umkhiqizo oluyigugu wezohwebo exchange. Kodwa yokuthengisa babeyizisebenzi ezithembekile cha, zixutshwe "kardehu" (amatshe). Ngalesi Ivan Grozny ngo-1546 wayala ukuba fining ruble 2 per 65 amakhilogremu usawoti! Ukuvuselelwa isiko Pomeranian zokukhiqiza usawoti emanzini olwandle kuyisici kwetinhlavu yisakhamuzi nokushisekela izwe isizukulwane yesimanje.

Inhloso ye-project: Revival Pomeranian izindlela ukupheka usawoti, ukwakheka umuzwa lokushisekela ubuzwe e esizukulwaneni esisha.

Izinhloso yephrojekthi:

• hlaziya izindlela usawoti isizinda lasendulo;
• kabusha umdwebo izindlela lobuchwepheshe ngokukhiqiza usawoti kusuka amanzi olwandle;
• ngivuselele ubuchwepheshe ukuhwamuka nosawoti;
• ukuhlola abheke ukuthi kungenzeka le ndlela.

Novelty: okwamanje ku Arkhangelsk esifundeni isiphakamiso enjalo ayikho.

Into zokutadisha: usawoti.

Isihloko ucwaningo: izindlela ezindala lokuveza usawoti.

The main okuyingxenye:

Kudala abantu bafunda indlela uthole usawoti emanzini usawoti. Eyakhelwe imithombo usawoti saltworks. Ugu loLwandle White Sea saltworks ezintathu nje, futhi eMfuleni Onega izakhiwo efanayo etholakala eduze nemizana Chekuevo, Glotovo. On the indawo ngaphandle kwekamu kwakukhona Turchasovskogo 3 saltworks: e Nermushe, uphawu, Usolye. abasunguli abo ayengamakhulu abathengisi abacebile Kozhozero sezindela. Isikhwama usawoti izindleko njengoba inkomo. Ngakho izindleko endlini ngaleso sikhathi kwakuwukuthola izinkomo ezimbili. Ukuze isitoreji usawoti esetshenziswa imikhiqizo amagxolo. Isikhathi sokugcina abilisiwe usawoti eNorth ngo-1950. Okwamanje, iminonjana walondoloza kuphela usawoti imisebenzi lasendulo.

nosawoti ezisebenzisekayo izakhiwo enobungozi:

Lo sawoti has ababuthakathaka izakhiwo isinqandakuvunda. 10-15% yesixazululo, kuvimbela ukuthuthukiswa amagciwane putrefactive. Lokhu kuye kwabangela yokusetshenziswa kwawo kabanzi njengoba uyalondoloza. A umthamo olubulala usawoti 3 amagremu per 1 kilogram esisindo.

Yini ebangela lo sawoti?

Ngokwe-World Health Organization, reception esihleliwe esiningi ngokweqile usawoti kuholela waba ukwanda okukhulu kwezincwadi umfutho wegazi, isifo sezinso, futhi kukhona senhliziyo, umdlavuza isisu, ukukhumuzeka kwamathambo. Sodium chloride kungabangela izifo esweni nezinkophe edema, njengoba kugcina amanzi emzimbeni.

izakhiwo awusizo usawoti:

Phakathi Omkhulu Patriotic neMpi odokotela abahlinzayo bayasebenza ezibhedlela zethu emkhakheni, abalimele Kwasetshenziswa ku ebanzi lacerations cotton ngendwangu ofakwe isixazululo usawoti. Ngakho Balophulile kubo kusukela esibhibhayo: emva 3-4 izinsuku isilonda baba ahlanzekile. Excellent tonic nomphumela emzimbeni baye okungafani amanzi usawoti ethela.

Uhlelo lwebhizinisi isebenza:

Salt - umkhiqizo uhlale funa. ERussia kukhona abakhiqizi usawoti, kodwa akusenzi isithakazelo lo mkhiqizo. Siphakamisa ukuhlela workshop on ukuhwamuka kasawoti kusukela amanzi olwandle, kunqunywa kanye ezimbili emsebenzini obalulekile futhi esiphuthumayo sakithi: ukuvuselelwa isiko Pomeranian futhi eheha izivakashi esifundeni (ukwandisa ukukhanga esifundeni). Salt ungathola bonke ababambe iqhaza isigaba master, plus ngeke bajwayelane umlando amaphethelo angasenyakatho aleli le Pomeranian, namasiko awo kanye namasiko. Esikhathini Arkhangelsk esifundeni okwamanje akukho ukukhiqizwa usawoti. Kubalulekile ukuthi izindleko isigaba master izotholakala. Kulokhu, ungakwazi ke usethe ukukhiqizwa usawoti ngamunye ezipakishiwe. Workshop azobanjwa ukuze abafundi kanye nezivakashi. Le phrojekthi engabondli abakubo ukukhiqizwa usawoti zezimboni, kudinga imishini kancane kakhulu, ukuqasha zomsebenzi.

Abahlanganyeli eyinhloko iphrojekthi: ngabanye.

I izithiyo main (izingqinamba zokukhiqiza kanye ikakhulukazi ukuqaliswa kwe-project):

Revival Pomor emasikweni ukupheka usawoti kungenziwa kubhekwe njengento ngempela umbono ezithakazelisayo izivakashi. Leli bhizinisi akudingi utshalomali abalulekile. Yiqiniso, kuyodingeka ukutshala esigabeni sokuqala, okungukuthi ukudala izindlela ukuze ukuhwamuka kasawoti lasendulo, kodwa utshalomali kokuqala kule ukukhiqizwa akuyona eningi kakhulu.

Ukuqala kokusetshenziswa the project:

Saltworks uzobe elise endaweni eyayithengwe Onega Museum lesifunda. Ngesikhathi isiqondiso ogwini (enyakatho) kwehla kancane ekuphakameni. Saline uzobe ifakwe zokungena ezimbili ezihlukene, emnyango endleleni jikelele. Ukuze ungene kuyo abantu abakhubazekile enikeziwe eyakhelwe emnyango. Zonke izindawo oluhlaza, cover emhlabathini ngesikhathi kwakhiwa kungukuthi i-.

Iziphetho yomsebenzi kanye nombono project ukuqaliswa:

Lolu hlelo ngempela okusebenzayo futhi ethembisa. Lapho efeza ukuhlola okuphumelele bangathembela ukuthutheleka inqwaba izivakashi, okungukuthi, ukwandisa ukukhanga utshalomali yasesiFundeni Onega. Njengoba kungaba ukuheha iziqondiso abafundi, inkanuko inkokhelo yemali yabo ezincane (izaphulelo, ithikithi Isaphulelo endaweni yaseshashalazini, cinema).

Sakwazi ukungena sonke bajwayelane Pomor emasikweni usawoti, ukuthola idatha yomlando kuwo ukwenza imidwebo we saltworks esizayo. Izigaba esilandelayo imisebenzi iphrojekthi sizoxhunywa okubhekwe isakhiwo nokuhlolwa izindleko. Ungakwazi futhi cabanga nangemibuzo udala esitolo isikhumbuzo ngesisekelo Museum usawoti.

Imininingwane umsebenzi wesikole

okufushane Powered we okusalungiswa kuyinto echazayo. It liphinyiselwe esigabeni wokulungiselela. Nokho, uchazwa ngokuthi ngemininingwane yakhona.

isiphetho

Umsebenzi phrojekthi kusiza ukwakha ukuzimela abafundi ', ikhono lokusungula, isithakazelo izifundo wafunda. Lolu khetho cwaningo ngeke kuphela sikhuthaze ukuthuthukiswa, kodwa futhi singaba usizo kabi esikhathini esizayo.