Umfula Onega: incazelo, ezokuvakasha, ukudoba

Emkhakheni waseRussia kunenqwaba yemifula. Ngamunye wabo ungumuntu ngamunye. Kulesi sihloko sizokhuluma ngomfula i-Onega. Indawo ephelele yomsele wayo ingama-56,900 km ² . Ihlale iheha abavakashi nabadobi ukunakekelwa.

Uphi uMfula i-Onega?

Kulula ukuphendula. Igeleza esifundeni se-Arkhangelsk se-Russian Federation, sinokubude okungama-416 km. Umthombo womfula useningizimu-ntshonalanga, uvela eLake Lacha. Iwela e- Onega Bay yoLwandle Olubomvu, khona-ke isiqhingi saseKuu sihlukanisa sibe ngamagatsha amabili. Ukufinyelela okuphezulu komfula (iLake Vozhe ne-tributaries) kuse esifundeni saseVologda. Igeleza ukusuka eningizimu kuya enyakatho.

Ukudla kwe-Onega kuxubene, kodwa ikakhulukazi iqhwa, ngakho kusukela ekuqaleni kukaMeyi kuya kuJuni kunesikhathi samanzi aphezulu.

Egeleza egcekeni elisezingeni eliphansi, liyakha ilula, lifinyelele ububanzi obungamamitha angu-450. Ezindaweni zincane kakhulu kumamitha angu-40.

Ku-75 km kusukela ekuqaleni umfula uthululwa kabili: i-Great Onega eya ngakwesokudla, kanti i-Small Onega ijika ngakwesobunxele. Kamuva baxhuma kabusha.

Idlula eduze nezindawo ezifana nemizi yaseKaropol ne-Onega, idolobha laseSeveroneonezhsk, nemizana yaseJarnema ne-Chekuevo nabanye.

Ukukhulula

Inkambo engezansi yomfula idlula ngaphesheya komfula. Amagquma ahlangene nolwandle afinyelela ukuphakama okuphakathi kuka-60-80 m, futhi ngezinye izikhathi kuze kube ngu-120 m. Amathafa ase-Old-lake aseNtshonalanga asebenzisa iningi lensimu phakathi kokuhlelwa kwesifunda. Zigcwele kakhulu, futhi ziphakama ngaphezu kolwandle ngo-60-150 m. Inkambo engenhla yomfula ibonakala ngokuncipha ukusuka ku-130 kuya ku-110 m. Isiqondiso sisuka eningizimu kuya enyakatho. Izinga lamanje zamanje ukusuka ku-80 kuya ku-100 m.

Emanzini eMfula i-Onega ngokuyisisekelo unobumba. Inhlabathi ingxenyeni enkulu ngaphansi koqweqwe lwama-moss, kodwa kunomhlabathi owomileyo.

Eduze emlonyeni, eduze kwedolobha laseKargopol, ogwini, kuneziphethu eziningana ezinamandla ezishaya phansi. Amanzi kuwo abanda, futhi ahlanzekile kakhulu.

Ukujula komfula kwezinye izindawo kufinyelela kumamitha ayi-6.

Imifino

I-Onega (esifundeni sase-Arkhangelsk) umfula obheji lwawo lukhona endaweni ye-taiga. Isimo sezulu lapha i-continental - ihlobo elipholile elipholile nobusika obubandayo obude. Ukushisa okuvamile kwansuku zonke emfuleni yizi-1-1.5 degrees.

Kulezi zimo zemozulu amabhange amancane ase-Onega agcwele amahlathi. I-Pines, i-aspens, i-birches ikhula lapha, kodwa ikakhulukazi idliwe. Eningizimu-ntshonalanga yedamu, ungathola futhi i-fir ne-linden. Insimu yomfula ezindaweni ezithile kuze kufike ku 90% ihlanganiswe namahlathi. Emadlelweni zikhula izitshalo ezingapheli, izihlahla azivamile.

Ukuzijabulisa nokuvakasha

Umfula i-Onega unama-rapids amaningi, okwenza ukuba uthandwa kakhulu ngabakhenkethi be-kayak.

Insimu eseduze yendawo yamanzi igcwele izikhumbuzo zamatshe nezakhiwo zamatshe ezangekhulu le-17 nele-19. Ubuhle bemvelo yasenyakatho njalo bushiya kuphela izinto ezinhle kakhulu.

Ngakho-ke, edolobheni laseKargopol kukhona uKathedral Ukuzalwa kukaKrestu, okwakhiwa ngo-1562, neCathhedral Belltower ngamapulatifomu okubuka. Umzana wase-Archangelo ugcina iSretensky Church ka-1715 ngokufakela okwenziwe nge-cube. Engxenyeni yomuzi wangaphambili wasePrislonikhi kukhona amathuna enkampanini yaseNicolskaya yekhulu le-18. Kungenzeka futhi ukubona izinsalela zeSonto Lesithathu.

Isikhathi sokuvakasha ngokuvamile siyizinsuku ezingu-5-7 ngaphansi kokuqondiswa komholi onolwazi.

Umfula i-Onega: ukudoba

Esigodini siphila njalo i-roach, i-pike, i-ide, i-burbot, i-grayling, i-bream, i-lamprey. Ngenxa yokuthi i-Onega igeleza kuLwandle OluMhlophe, kungenzeka futhi ukuba ihlangabezane ne-salmonids (isibonelo, i-saumon) futhi igxile. Ngokuvamile, kodwa u-smelt futhi uphumule.

Umfula i-Onega uyaziwa ngenxa ye-ebb kanye nokugeleza kwawo. Ngezinye izikhathi amanzi aphinda aphindwe ngamamitha angaphezu kweyishumi, eveza izihlahla ezimanzi. Ngemuva kwawo, ushiya ama-puddles of size, lapho ungabamba khona kalula izinhlanzi ezincane, okuyinhloko eyenziwa ngabafana bendawo.

Ekude amakhilomitha angu-20 ukusuka e-Arkhangelsk ingenye yezintandokazi zokudoba abadobi, njengoba lapha ungabamba i-salmon. Okuyinhloko, kunezibonelo ezinkulu. Yiqiniso, kuvunyelwe ukudoba le nhlanzi, kodwa abaningi abayikuyeka.

Akunqatshelwe ukusebenzisa ukugoqa ku-Onega, kodwa kuvunyelwe induku yokudoba, ngakho-ke abadobi bendawo baye bacabangela ukubizwa ngokuthi "makhina". Ngokuvamile, ukukhwabanisa kwenzeka kuye. Kuyinto elula ukuhamba ngesimo esishisayo ngoJulayi ngesibungu noma inhlanzi. Ngalesi sikhathi, umfula uvele ubilise ehlathini eliqoqa phezu kwethole.

I-Breams nayo ikhulu kakhulu lapha. Ukubamba kungcono kakhulu emkhunjini, ngoba bayashukuma ngasekugcineni. Kanti futhi kulo lonke ihlobo, i-burbot ihamba njengoba amanzi epholile, ayifudumale ngisho nokushisa.