Izifo esiwohlozayo: uhlu

Leli gama lihlanganisa inkulumo engajwayelekile iziguli eziningi indlebe. Ezweni lethu, odokotela uyisebenzise futhi idatha okukhipha izifo eqenjini ehlukile. Nokho, e-imithi umhlaba wonke isichazamazwi odokotela, igama elithi "isifo esiwohlozayo" kwenzeka njalo. iqembu Bahlanganisa labo izifo okuyizinto njalo kuqhubeka, okubangela nokucekelwa ukusebenza kwezicubu, izitho, isakhiwo sabo. amaseli njalo siguqula yezifo esiwohlozayo, isimo sabo liwohloka, ithinta ezicutshini futhi izitho. Kulokhu, igama elithi "ukonakala 'kubhekisela esenzakalweni esiyisimangaliso ukonakala owaziwayo kanye kancane kancane, yinto embi.

izifo Ukubambezeleka esiwohlozayo

Tifo letibangwa leli qembu heterogeneous kakhulu emtholampilo, kodwa elinesimo inkambo efanayo. Nganoma yisiphi isikhathi, umuntu omdala onempilo enhle noma ingane kungaba angesabi ugula ngemva ayenqaba ukuchayeka kunoma yikuphi izici ayeke ukunisa, bangase bahlupheke isimiso sezinzwa nezinye izinhlelo eziyishumi nemitshingo. izimpawu zokwelashwa ukwandisa kancane kancane, isiguli njalo Ubangwa. Inchubekelembili kuyinto onhlobonhlobo. izifo Ukubambezeleka esiwohlozayo-dystrophic luholele yokuthi umuntu ulahlekelwa eziningi imisebenzi eyisisekelo (inkulumo, ukunyakaza, ukubona, ukuzwa, izinqubo ngokwengqondo, kanye nabanye). Isikhathi esining impela, lezi zifo ziyabulala.

Imbangela izifo lezinceku esiwohlozayo kungenziwa ngokuthi izakhi zofuzo umuntu ongaphilile. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, lokhu kuzibonakalisa yobudala isifo kunzima ukubala, incike isakhi sofuzo inkulumo. Kobukhulu isifo uzobe ngaphezulu liphinyiselwe lapho ukwandisa izimpawu sokugembula zofuzo.

Kakade ekhulwini le-19, ososayensi bezinzwa akuchaze izifo ezifanayo, kodwa abakwazanga ukuchaza isizathu nokuhlanzeka kwangaphandle nokuziphatha kwabo. Modern yezinzwa yezakhi zofuzo ivule ukukhubazeka eziningi kwamakhemikhali zofuzo banesibopho ukuthuthukiswa izimpawu isifo kuleli qembu. Ngu isiko, izimpawu uthole eponimnye igama, kuba - a intela umsebenzi ososayensi okunguyena owokuqala owachaza lesi sifo.

izici Isici izifo esiwohlozayo

izifo esiwohlozayo-dystrophic babe nezici ezifanayo. Lezi zihlanganisa:

• Qala kusuka isifo cishe ezingabonakali, kodwa kancane kancane ukuthuthuka, ukuthi amashumi.
• Ukuqala kunzima umkhondo imbangela ngeke ibonakale.
• Izicubu abathintekayo kanye nezinhlaka kancane kancane waphika ukwenza imisebenzi yabo, ukonakala uhamba ukuza.
• Izifo yaleli qembu babe ukumelana ukwelashwa, ukwelashwa njalo eziyinkimbinkimbi, kunzima futhi kuyaqabukela ngempumelelo. Ngokuvamile, akukuniki imiphumela oyifunayo. Ungakwazi ukubambezela yonke ukukhula esiwohlozayo, kodwa cishe akunakwenzeka ukuba ayeke.
• Izifo ijwayeleke kakhulu kubantu asebekhulile, ukuguga mancane kuvamile entsheni.
• ngokuvamile zifo ngenxa yofuzo. Lesi sifo kungenzeka abantu amaningana omkhaya owodwa.

Isenzakalo esidume kunazo zonke lesi sifo

Okuvame kakhulu kanti owaziwa izifo esiwohlozayo:

• isifo sokuqina kwemithambo yegazi;
• ukuhlelwa kwesikhala sezinhlamvu
• thayipha sikashukela 2;
• Alzheimer;
• osteoarthritis;
• rheumatoid arthritis;
• kwamathambo;
• Parkinson;
• yi-multiple sclerosis;
• prostatitis.

Abantu abaningi attribute lezi izifo a "esibi", kodwa akuyona yonke uhlu. Kukhona izifo, ezinye zazo musa ngisho zizwile.

izifo esiwohlozayo-dystrophic amalunga

At inhliziyo esiwohlozayo osteoarthritis - ukonakala kwazo uqwanga articular, ngenxa yalokho, kulandele izinguquko sokugembula e ithambo epiphyseal.

Osteoarthritis ezivamile isifo ngokuhlanganyela ukuthi kuthinta 10-12% wabantu ngeminyaka, inombolo lukhula kuphela. Ngokuvamile kuthinta hip noma kwamajoyinti e kwabesifazane nabesilisa. izifo esiwohlozayo - osteoarthritis zihlukaniswe zamabanga aphansi naphezulu.

arthrosis Primary ukuthatha lonke inani ku-40% izifo, inqubo esiwohlozayo waqala ngenxa ukuzivocavoca, nge waba ukwanda okukhulu kwezincwadi isisindo somzimba, izinguquko ezihlobene nokukhula.

sokuqaqamba kwamalunga Secondary amelela 60% wezindleko. Ngokuvamile kwenzeka ngenxa yokulimala mechanical, waphuka intraarticular, e dysplasia azalwa naso, izifo post-ezithathelwanayo ngokuhlanganyela, e necrosis aseptic.

Ngo arthrosis jikelele ihlukaniswe zamabanga aphansi naphezulu luyingxenye kabi amandla akhe, ngoba zisekelwe zici ezifanayo pathogenic okungenzeka inhlanganisela ezahlukene. Ngokuvamile ukucacisa lapho isici sekuyinkinga enkulu kanye nomfana osemncane akunakwenzeka.

Ngemva izinguquko esiwohlozayo, evele ngokuhlanganyela contact ngokweqile ucindezela ngokumelene nomunye. Ngenxa yalokho, ukuze banciphise umthelela mechanical, sikhule osteophyte. inqubo sokugembula iqhubeka, amalunga omzimba kakhudlwana futhi sikhubazekile ngaphezulu, i- umsebenzi musculo-ligamentous kulandzelana nekuhlunga tinsita. Ukunyakaza babe kungagcini contracture kwakhiwa.

Deforming coxarthrosis. deforming gonartroz

Esiwohlozayo ngokuhlanganyela izifo coxarthrosis futhi gonarthrosis ivamile impela.

indawo Okokuqala kwezehlakalo kuthatha coxarthrosis - hip uhlobo. Lesi sifo kuholela ukukhubazeka lokuqala nokukhubazeka kamuva. isifo Imbangela can iminyaka ngokuvamile kusukela 35 kuya 40. Abesifazane uhlushwa lokhu ukwedlula amadoda. Izimpawu avele kancane kancane, kuye ngokuthi yobudala, isisindo umzimba noma umzimba. Izigaba kokuqala izimpawu kungukuthi uzwakalise. Ngezinye izikhathi ukukhathala esiyitholayo lapho emi nokuhamba noma imithwalo esindayo. Njengoba izinguquko esiwohlozayo zobuhlungu iyakhula. Ngokuphelele zinyamalale kuphela lapho esephumule, ephusheni. kuvuselelwe ngesikhathi ukucindezeleka kancane. Lapho egijima ngesimo ubuhlungu ophikelelayo, kungase kwandise ebusuku.

Osteoarthritis wesibili - 50% yezifo kwedolo. Onomoya omnene kuka coxarthrosis. Abaningi inqubo imiswe okwesikhashana-1 esiteji. Ngisho izimo ezithuthukisiwe thukela kuholele ekulahlekelweni umthamo ukusebenza.

4 izinhlobo ezahlukene gonarthrosis:

• ukubhujiswa izingxenye sangaphakathi ngokuhlanganyela amadolo;
• a lesion eyinhloko iminyango yangaphandle;
• arthrosis we patella-femoral articulations;
• ukulahlekelwa neminyango ngokuhlanganyela.

osteochondrosis

izifo esiwohlozayo yomgogodla: osteochondrosis, spondylosis, spondylarthritis.

Lapho osteochondrosis izinqubo esiwohlozayo ziqala akwazi ukugcina intervertebral ku pulposus-nucleus. Lapho inqubo spondylosis abathintekayo emzimbeni amathambo eduze. Lapho spondyloarthrosis kwenzeka lesion amalunga omzimba intervertebral. izifo esiwohlozayo-dystrophic yomgogodla iyingozi kakhulu futhi kahle esilaphekayo. Izinga zokugula kunqunywa izici tekusebentisa morphological idrayivu.

Abantu abaneminyaka engama-50 uhlushwa lezi zinkinga e-90% amacala. Okusanda sekube mkhuba maqondana rejuvenation sezifo emgogodleni, zenzeka ngisho nentsha abaneminyaka engu 17-20. Ukhwaliti ubuhlungu emuva ngokuvamile kwenzeka kubantu abenza okhandlayo ngokweqile.

ukubonakaliswa Clinical kuxhomeke kwasendaweni kobukhulu inqubo futhi kungenzeka ukuthi izinzwa, static, iziyaluyalu autonomic.

izifo esiwohlozayo isimiso sezinzwa

izifo esiwohlozayo isimiso sezinzwa ihlanganisa neqembu elikhulu. Zonke izilonda njani amaqembu isifo sezinzwa okubophela emzimbeni izici ezithile zangaphakathi nezangaphandle. Lokhu kwenzeka ngenxa ukwephula izinqubo intracellular, ngokuvamile lokhu kubangelwa ukukhubazeka kwezakhi zofuzo.

Izifo eziningi esiwohlozayo manifest elinganiselwe noma ehlasela umzimba ubuchopho yoma e izakhiwo ezithile ezincane kwenzeka ukwehliswa izinzwa. Kwezinye izimo kukhona kuphela kuliphazamise umsebenzi amaseli, ukufa kwabo ingekho, ubuchopho akwenzeki ngokuphazima yoma (eliqhaqhazelayo kubalulekile, dystonia idiopathic).

Iningi izifo esiwohlozayo abenezikhala eside esicashile yentuthuko, kodwa ifomu kancane kancane ezithuthukayo.

izifo esiwohlozayo CNS oluthathwa by ukubonakaliswa emitholampilo nokubonisa ukubandakanywa izakhiwo ezithile zesimiso sezinzwa. ivelele:

• Izifo kuwukubonakaliswa syndromes extrapyramidal (Huntington, liqhaqhazela, isifo i-Parkinson).
• Izifo bembonisa ataxia cerebellar (ukonakala spinocerebellar).
• Izifo nge izilonda of Izinzwa (yesifo sokuwohloka kwezinzwa nemisipha).
• Izifo ngokubheduka komqondo (isifo Pick sika, isifo i-Alzheimer).

Alzheimer isifo

izifo Neuro-esiwohlozayo nge izimpawu yingqondo kuvamile kwasebekhulile. I obujwayelekile Alzheimer. Ethuthuka olwazini abantu abaneminyaka engama-80. Ngo-15% amacala lesi sifo ugijima imikhaya. Kutfutfukisa engaphezu kwengu-10-15.

Qala ukubhujiswa izinzwa ezindaweni parietal associative we- cortex, le yesikhashana futhi ngokuqondile, i-sokuzwa, izindawo ezibukwayo futhi somatosensory sihlale bengathinteki. Ngaphezu ukunyamalala izinzwa izici ezibalulekile idiphozithi yanoma amyloid e zingcwecwe senile futhi ukuqina kanye ukuqina ewohlokayo izakhiwo neurofibrillary futhi izinzwa lokusinda bona aqukethe tauprotein. Bonke abantu asebekhulile izinguquko olunje ngesilinganiso esincane, kodwa evelele e-Alzheimer. Kwakukhona izimo lapho umtholampilo kwakunjani komqondo, kodwa isethi zingcwecwe babonakala.

Atrophied zone unephutha encishisiwe liningi igazi, kungase lithathelwe ukunyamalala izinzwa. Lesi sifo akukwazi phetho isifo sokuqina kwemithambo yegazi.

Parkinson

Parkinson ubizwa nangokuthi shaking uhlangothi. Lokhu esiwohlozayo zobuchopho sifo sanda kancane kancane ngenkathi ngokukhetha kuthinta dofaminergichesikie izinzwa ububonisa rigidity lihambisana akinesia, ukungazinzi ngokwezomnotho postural, futhi eliqhaqhazelayo ukuphumula. Imbangela sifo ibingakazeki. Kukhona inkolelo yokuthi lesi sifo sitholakala ngofuzo.

I ukwanda kwalesi sifo ibanzi futhi ifinyelela kubantu ngemva kwengu-65 isilinganiso 1 e-100.

isifo kubonakala kancane kancane. Eyokuqala ukubonakaliswa - nemilenze ethuthumela, ngezinye izikhathi izinguquko Gait, ukuqina. Okokuqala, iziguli ukuqaphela ubuhlungu emuva, izingalo nemilenze. Izimpawu olulodwa emaceleni kuqala, bese uxhuma ehlangothini lwesibili.

Ukulandelana Izifo Parkinson

Ukubonakaliswa oyinhloko sifo - lokhu akinesia noma Ukuwohloka, okwehlisa ukunyakaza. ekugcineni Umuntu uba maskoobraznym (gipomimiya). Flashing ezingavamile, ngakho ukubhoboza shazi. ukunyakaza Friendly zinyamalale (isandla uma uhamba). Buthule umunwe ukunyakaza ziphuliwe. Isiguli neze kushintsha isimo liphuma kusuka esihlalweni sakhe futhi zaphambukela ebuthongweni bakhe. It Monotone futhi ithulisiwe. Izinyathelo ngikhushuzela, short. Ukubonakaliswa main isifo i-Parkinson - eliqhaqhazelayo izandla, izindebe, imihlathi, ikhanda, kwenzeka nje uphumule. Eliqhaqhazelayo ingase ixhomeke endleleni imizwelo kanye nezinye iminyakazo nesineke.

Ezigabeni kamuva ngokucijile kungagcini ukuhamba, walahlekelwa ikhono lokukwazi ukulinganisela. iziguli eziningi zithola nokugula ngengqondo, kodwa abanye kuphela ukuthuthukisa komqondo.

Izinga ukuqhubekela phambili kwesifo kuyahlukahluka, kungaba iminyaka eminingi. Ngu kwaba sekupheleni kokuphila isiguli akasakwazi ngokuphelele, ukugwinya kunzima, kukhona ingozi nenshisekelo. Ngenxa yalokho, ukufa ngokuvamile kwenzeka yizifo ezinjenge-pneumonia.

eliqhaqhazelayo Essential

A isifo esiwohlozayo libhekene eliqhaqhazelayo kungavamile ukuba ingozi, akumelwe aphanjaniswe ene-Parkinson. isandla eliqhaqhazelayo kwenzeka uma kususwa noma ngokubamba zibhekise. Ngo-60% lesi sifo sitholakala ngofuzo, kubonakala kaningi kweminyaka eyi-60. Kukholakala ukuthi isizathu iyona hyperkinesia sokwephula phakathi cerebellum futhi ekunqandeni nuclei.

Eliqhaqhazelayo kungenzeka ukucasulwa ukukhathala, ukuyaluza, ukusetshenziswa ikhofi, abanye izidakamizwa. Kuqondane ukuthi eliqhaqhazelayo kuhilela "akukho-akukho" ikhanda ukunyakaza ngohlobo noma "yebo", Ungaxhuma imilenze, olimini, ezindebeni yephimbo, isiqu. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, eliqhaqhazelayo amplitude ukwanda, futhi lokhu kuphazamisa izinga evamile yokuphila.

Ubude bempilo akusho uhlushwa izimpawu zokungasebenzi kahle kwemizwa bengekho, imisebenzi ezihlakaniphile kuyagcinwa.