Khwehlela e sofuba: izici izimpawu

Ukukhwehlela ehlala njalo ngesonto eside kweyodwa, futhi kuhambisana imfiva. Mhlawumbe lezi izimpawu ze-TB? Asikho isidingo manqikanqika. Phela, kungase kungabi nje Ari.

Kuyini isifo sofuba?

Isifo sofuba - isifo esibangelwa mycobacteria, okuyinto basakazwa kwezicubu, ayegcwele igazi nomoya-mpilo. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, abaningi kunazo zonke kuthinta emaphashini. Yiqiniso, lesi sifo ingaqala kwezinye izitho. Ukwelashwa kuphumelela, kodwa kudinga inkambo izinyanga eziyisithupha kuya onyakeni, futhi kwezinye izimo zingase zephuze futhi iminyaka (konke kuncike onjani ukukhwehlela e isifo sofuba yamaphaphu). Ngaphambili, lesi sifo ezivamile. Kodwa nge ukuvela ukukhwehlela ngemithi elwa namagciwane, isifo sofuba isibe kancane njalo. Kuze kube manje, lesi sifo buthola umfutho, njengoba ukuvela zamagciwane ezahlukene sofuba kuye kwaholela ukuzinza nemithi. Kukhona isifo amafomu ezifana ovulekile futhi avaliwe. Ifomu yokuqala igciwane, okuyinto isimiso somzimba sokuzivikela ezifweni ukuyiveza, awusebenzi abalona usongo kubantu ababezizungezile. Nokho, leli fomu uye endaweni evulekile, uma umuntu ongaqhubeki imithi efanele. Ngendlela yesibili, isiguli uyakwazi ukuthelela abanye. Uhlobo oluvame kakhulu ukutheleleka - ithuba lokuphefumula umoya ukuthi siphefumula elinegciwane.

Ngubani engozini yokubamba TB?

Ubungozi enkulu abantu:

• ne amasosha omzimba ebuthaka (izingane nge-HIV);
• abantu abanalo sisondelene lomuntu onegciwane (ophilayo egumbini elilodwa);
• labo abanakekela iziguli ezine-sofuba (odokotela nabahlengikazi);
• abantu abayimilutha nicotine (ikakhulukazi ngalabo ababhema ezingaphezu kweyodwa iphakethe likagwayi ngosuku);
• labo bahlala emigwaqweni;
• abantu abaphuza utshwala nezidakamizwa kwelashwa;
• nabantu abakuphila isisindo ingaphansi 10% kunokuvamile;
• labo abasebenzisa imithi yokucindezeleka;
• abantu abangekho ejele.

Izimbangela ukukhwehlela in sofuba

Umzimba uyakwazi ukuba silwe nanoma yikuphi ligciwane lelingena ke. Nokho, noma yimuphi ukucindezeleka noma lube buthaka umzimba unika ukwehluleka futhi kudala izimo ezivuna ukuthuthukiswa isifo.

Indlela ejwayeleke kakhulu sokungena ku umzimba sofuba imbewu eletha - sisemoyeni. Kodwa ukutheleleka kuyobe kungakazukufika masinyane - igciwane sihlangana ukumelana umgudu wokuphefumula. izinduku Development kwenzeka uma elingenhla umgudu ukuvuvukala bronchial amashubhu.

Yezimbangela ezivame kakhulu zokugula: kusimo social ukuxhumana omuntu onegciwane yokuphila okungenamsoco, ukucindezeleka, ukudla okungenamsoco nokuvikeleka abampofu. Kodwa isizathu esiyinhloko kungenziwa ngokuthi isisekelo ababuthakathaka kwezenhlalo kanye nokungakwazi ukwelapha ngokugcwele.

Izimpawu ukukhwehlela in sofuba

Into yokuqala ukulalela umzimba wakho futhi unake noma yiziphi izinguquko, ungalahlekelwa esigabeni sokuqala lesi sifo. Lokhu kuqakatheke khulu ngoba isifo lokuqala kungenzeka ukuzibonakalisa futhi lapho ethola ukuthi unesifo ngemva ze-X ray kwamaphaphu.

Izimpawu abalandelayo izimpawu zokuqala zesifo:

• isiyezi eziphikelelayo;
• abantu abaningi abasinaki futhi ukucobeka;
• ukuphazamiseka ezindleleni zokulala;
• ukujuluka esindayo;
• pallor umzimba oqinile;
• elikhanyayo ukubukeka othi awube;
• okusheshayo kwesisindo;
• yokuntuleka esesuthi;
• lokushisa yomzimba 37 ⁰ C.

Ezigabeni kamuva lesi sifo kubonakala ngokucacile ngaphezulu:

• Isifo sofuba ukukhwehlela ezinzima - kokubili ezomile futhi phlegm;
• tachycardia, lapho kukhona kufushane okunzima umoya;
• rales okushiyashiyanayo ngamandla;
• imfiva;
• gleam emehlweni akhe futhi isikhumba eliphaphathekile;
• dystonia;
• okusheshayo kwesisindo kuze kufinyelele khilogremu eziyishumi noma ngaphezulu;
• ukubukeka igazi expectoration;
• okuvela ubuhlungu besifuba.

sofuba esiteji

Kunezigaba ezintathu isifo sofuba yamaphaphu:

1. Ukutheleleka. Kwenzeka kuphela engxenyeni lapho ukutheleleka ingena. Ngokuvamile onegciwane kuyelapha, kodwa ngezinye izikhathi kungase kube izimpawu kokuqala kwalesi sifo.
2. izifo esicashile. Kuncike ekutheni amasosha omzimba womuntu ibuthakathaka kakhulu, ama-bacterium yasheshe wonke umzimba. Ngakho, akha ekhukhwini igciwane lesifo sofuba kwezitho ezahlukene.
3. Ukuqhubeka kwesifo. Ukuthola mycobacteria ithelela emaphashini, ze- bronchi lithintana nalaba bantu amagciwane ukwenza abantu isakaze amagciwane.

TB

Hlukanisa izinhlobo eziningi lesi sifo. It incike ukuma ukuphathwa kanjani isifo kuyingozi.

Ifomu yokuqala - infiltrative. Kuyinto ngenxa yokuthi kukhona ukuvuvukala kule wamaphaphu womuntu. Ngenxa yalokho, iphaphu izicubu uyofana cottage shizi. Kwezinye izimo, le fomu asymptomatic futhi kubonakala kuphela ze-X ray. Kaningi kuyenzeka ukukhwehlela igazi, kodwa impilo ngokuvamile akukubi. Ngokuvamile lesi sifo kudidaniswe i-pneumonia, ukucinana kwemigudu yokuphefumula kanye nemfuluwenza.

Ifomu yesibili ibizwa ngokuthi diseminirovanoy. Futhi kubangelwa yokuthi amabhaktheriya isatshalaliswa egazini uhlelo lymph. Izimpawu zicacile futhi umuntu ngamunye uhlukile.

Ifomu yesithathu - cavernous, it libhekene okuvela izimbotshana esihle ephashini izicubu. Leli fomu ngeke kakhulu libizwa. Ngemithi, elashwe ngokomzimba futhi amalungiselelo immunnostimuliruyuschih.

Ifomu wesine libizwa fibrous. Uma sithinta bronchi kanye avele emphysema, bronchiectasis, futhi cystic yamaphaphu.

Ifomu yesihlanu ubizwa ngokuthi ebalulekile kanye yesibili. Athintekayo njengoba ukukhanya olulodwa, noma kokubili. Kubantu, kukhona ukukhwehlela in sofuba fever nezinye izimpawu.

Ngezinye izikhathi isifo sofuba ngaphandle ukhwehlela?

Kuphela ekuqaleni lesi sifo ingaqala ngaphandle ukhwehlela. Phakathi nale nkathi, isiguli azikwazi ukuthinta inqubo ukudakwa ukuthi kukhona emzimbeni wakhe. Kodwa ukukhwehlela livela nge sikhathi.

Ngendlela avaliwe ukukhwehlela in sofuba ingekho.

Uma umuntu egula ngesifo sofuba kwezitho ezifana Amathambo, amalunga, isikhumba, amehlo, ingqondo, izinso, amathumbu kwezitho zobulili, kukhwehlela asivelanga.

Yini ukukhwehlela in sofuba?

Khwehlela kwenzeka uma ukuqhubekela phambili kwesifo. He is: ezomile (noma futhi ibizwa nangokuthi i-non-elikhiqizayo) ezimanzi (elikhiqizayo).

Uma uthola isifuba esomile:

• sofuba e esigabeni sokuqala;
• kwakukhona ingcindezi bronchial isihlahla lymph node, nokukhulu;
• has sofuba ze- bronchi;
• nesenzakalo ngesikhathi esifanayo ukucinana kwemithambo yomoya emaphashini.

Kungenzeka futhi ngenxa ingress uketshezi (ubomvu noma ezinye) ne pleura phakathi bronchi.

Khwehlela sofuba has izimbangela ezilandelayo:

• ukuthuthukiswa ngokushesha lesi sifo;
• uhlobo lesi sifo lapho eyisa ekubhujisweni yamaphaphu;
• ukusekela ezingamahlalakhona ukucinana kwemigudu yokuphefumula nonspecific.

Ukukhwehlela kule isifo kwenzeka mass homogeneous Ayinambala futhi ayinaphunga. Uma i-TB ngo parallel nezinye izifo zemigudu yokuphefumula, lo isikhwehlela oluhlaza, ubovu, nge iphunga ezingemnandi abukhali.

Ezinye izimpawu ze-TB

Khwehlela e sofuba libhekene expectoration wegazi, okuyisici yezinye izinhlobo zobu-isifo sofuba yamaphaphu. Ekuqaleni, kukhwehlela nesineke khona igazi evamile elibomvu, kamuva ke ingena Clumps. Temperature ngalesi ingekho. Nokho, uma igazi lingena emaphashini, e-90% amacala kukhona ukuvuvukala okwenzeka nge imfiva.

Ukopha emaphashini libhekene ukubukeka igazi abomvu, ivolumu okuyinto ezingaphezu kuka-50 ml ngosuku (okusho ukuthi egcina umgudu wokuphefumula). Lapho igazi expectoration labelwe ayibi ngaphezu kuka-50 ml ngosuku. Ukopha emaphashini ayingozi ngenxa oluhambisana ukushaqeka singenzeka.

Ukukhwehlela futhi dyspnea e sofuba phakathi awumoya okhishwa ngamakhala, lokhu kungenxa endaweni encishisiwe ijwabu wamaphaphu, patency bronchi kanye umsebenzi eziwohlokayo ukuthi ingxenye yobuchopho ukuthi unesibopho yokuphefumula.

Kubonakala ecindezela ubuhlungu ukuthi luqine ngesikhathi ukunyakaza kancane.

Kwenzeka lymphadenopathy.

Khwehlela ezinganeni

Khwehlela e sofuba ezinganeni has izici ezilandelayo:

• ezomile eqinile;
• ikakhulukazi ebusuku futhi ekuseni sichubeka uyaqhubeka inyanga ezingaphezu kwesisodwa;
• Njengoba isifo siqhubeka iba manzi ne ubovu bese mass igazi;
• ukukhwehlela ephelezelwa ubuthakathaka, ukunakwa, kwehle ukusebenza.

Lapho akhethiwe kahle imithi iphele.

Abazali kudingeka ukuba bakwazi ukuhlukanisa ukukhwehlela e isifo sofuba yamaphaphu kusuka sibi zokuphefumula izifo ezibangelwa amagciwane e izingane, ngoba Ubuye ukukhwehlela, kodwa has izici zayo siqu:

• Kubonakala lapho kuqala lesi sifo;
• Lenza ngokusebenzisa kwezinsuku ezimbili kuya kwezinhlanu;
• ashukumisayo, ie isikhathi esifushane Idlula ezomile ukumanzisa;
• libhekene imfiva kanye nazo zonke izimpawu catarrhal;
• aqede ukuphuza ngokweqile, futhi wamukele izidakamizwa elwa namagciwane.

Izindlela ezidume kakhulu sitholakele isifo sofuba

Izindlela ethandwa kakhulu ukuxilongwa zihlanganisa izindlela x-ray, Mantoux ukuhlolwa, futhi Diaskintest kvantiferonovy test.

izindlela-X-ray zihlukaniswe zibe:

• X-ray - raying. Kuyinto indlela ezishibhile, lapho uchwepheshe uhlola umzimba kwesikrini ngesikhathi lapho kukhanyise idivayisi.
• X ray. Kuyinto esinembile futhi uyayiqaphela imininingwane yanoma iyiphi inqubo eziyingozi emaphashini.
• Tomography. It isetshenziswa ucacise isimo lesi sifo. Ukufanekisa anemifanekiso amaningi.
• Chest-X-ray. Le ndlela ethandwa ngoba isetshenziswa nokuvimbela isifo sofuba, kumele zihlolwe okungenani kanye ngonyaka.

Mantoux yokuhlola ukuthi ithuluzi ekhethekile ufakwa umzimba womuntu - tuberculin. Ngemva kwezinsuku ezintathu, uchwepheshe ucubungula impendulo umzimba. Feza lokhu uphethwe zonke izingane ngonyaka, kusukela ubudala nangaphansi nesishiyagalombili. Inzuzo yinani, ubulula ithuba ukuhlola inani elikhulu labantu.

On kungase ngentuthuko ukuphendula bahlukunyezwe izici eziningi, bese imiphumela yokuhlolwa kuyoba olungalungile:

• lapho ingane wahlupheka ezinye izifo, komzimba, ayesebenza isayithi umjovo;
• kokunikezwa kwe-art, ikhwalithi embi ekwakhiweni;
• ukuphendula zamanga kwenzeka khona kwamagciwane emzimbeni afana sofuba Amagciwane.

Diaskintest esetshenziswa ukuze ngakususi okungamanga Mantoux test. Ngokuvamile isetshenziswa ezimweni lapho abazali ngokumelene nesiphuku. Nokho, inikeza imiphumela eyiphutha uma isifo usaqala.

ukuhlolwa Kvantiferonovy iyona ndlela yesimanje kunazo uphethwe ngoba ithola kokubili ifomu asebenzayo futhi esicashile lesi sifo. Buhle le ndlela ukuthi wenziwa endaweni yokucwaninga, akukho ithonya iziphi izici zangaphandle. Iphinde aqede ukuphendula zamanga futhi lisetshenziswa kungakhathaliseki isifo wengane.

Ukukhwehlela ekwelashweni kwesifo sofuba

Uma aphathe ukukhwehlela (TB), kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi zonke imithi zithathwa ngaso kanye isikhathi, ngokuqinile ayifakiwe pass reception. Uma imodi akuyona ihlonishwe, kungase kube uhlobo ukukhwehlela, emelanayo izidakamizwa. Ukucekela imbewu eletha tubercle kungenzeka kuphela uma isicelo izidakamizwa ezinhlanu noma eziyisithupha.

Kodwa ukuze niphulukise abagulayo, akudingeki ukuba ancike izidakamizwa. Therapy uqhutshwa ngokuhlangana elashwe ngokomzimba futhi abaphathi izidakamizwa, eqinisa amasosha omzimba. Wena akufanele silithathe kancane ukuphefumula umzimba nokudla ngendlela efanele.

Uma lesi sifo saqala ke ukuhlinzwa Kunconywa. Njengoba kungenjalo kungenzeka ukufa. Uma impatho wenziwa ngendlela efanele, kukhwehlela ubalekela silandela isifo sofuba.