Izakhi eziyisisekelo ze-intonation. Yiziphi iziphakamiso ze-intonation?

Inkulumo yomlomo ibonakala ngokuba khona kwezimo ezihlukahlukene zemizwelo engezansi. Ngosizo lwabo, ungakwazi ukwengeza incazelo efanayo embonweni ofanayo: ukumangala, ukuhleka usulu, umbuzo, ukuvunywa kanye nezinye izinketho. Kulokho konke lokhu kunzima kakhulu ukudlulisa, kodwa kungenzeka ngosizo lwamamphawu okubhala, okubonisa izinto eziyisisekelo zenkulumo.

Umqondo wokuzikhethela

Inkulumo yomlomo ngaphandle kwemibono ibonakala iyisicefe, isomile futhi ayikho. Kuphela ngosizo lwezwi eliphakeme kakhulu kunoma yikuphi okulandwayo okungenziwa okujabulisayo nokucacile. Ngakho-ke, i-intonation ibizwa ngokuthi yi-rhythmic-melodic side of the process of speaking.

Incazelo encane ye-intonation ibonisa ukudlidliza kwethembo lezwi, elivame ukuboniswa ngengoma yomlomo. Ukuqonda okubanzi kukhulisa umbono we-Melody, ukuwususa ngezimiso, tempo kanye nezinye izingxenye zokugeleza kwenkulumo, kuze kube seqenjini lezwi kanye nesigqi salo. Kunezici ezingezansi ezijwayelekile nezisobala eziyisisekelo ze-intonation. Ukucindezeleka kubhekisela kuwo ngendlela engcono kakhulu. Kulesi simo, akukhona nje amazwi, kodwa futhi inguqulo enengqondo. Ukulinganisa igama elilodwa ekusakazeni kwenkulumo kushintsha kakhulu ukulingana komusho.

I-Melodika njengesisekelo sezwi

Ukuze uqonde ukuthi umehluko emthonjeni we-semantic womusho ofanayo, kodwa ngezimo ezahlukene zokukhuluma, udinga ukubheka umculo wayo. Kungenxa yokuthi izakhi eziyisisekelo ze-intonation ziqala.

Okokuqala, phawula ukuthi le melody ihlela ibinzana elilodwa ndawonye. Kodwa futhi kunomqondo ohlukile. Izitatimende ezifanayo zithola ama-shade amasha kuye ngokuthi i-melody ibonakala kanjani.

Uma ukuphakamisa noma ukunciphisa ithoni yezwi phakathi nenqubo yokukhuluma, ungashintsha kalula injongo yezwi : kusuka kumlayezo kuya embuzweni, ngenxa yokusola ukufisa ukwenza okuthile.

Cabanga ngalokhu ngesibonelo esithile: "Ukuhlala!" Echazwe ngezwi elizwakalayo elizwakalayo, egcizelela isibonakaliso, sibonisa ukuhlelwa kokuhlelekile. "Side-e-et?" - ukuveza umbuzo nokucasula ngokubaluleka kwendwangu egxilile kanye nesimo sokukhuphuka ekupheleni kwenkulumo. Ngakho-ke, sibona ukuthi leli gama elifanayo, elicebile ngezingoma ezihlukene, linencazelo ehluke ngokuphelele.

Ukunconywa ku-syntax

Ukuze uhlukanise izingxenye zomusho, ukuhlukanisa isikhungo saso semantic, ukuqedela inkulumo yokukhuluma, lowo muntu usebenzisa izindlela ezihlukahlukene zokuzikhethela. Njengoba lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu kwisayensi enjenge-syntax, ikakhulukazi kuzo zonke izifundo lezi amathuluzi.

Ulimi lwesiRussia lunamagama ayisithupha okwakhiwa kwezwi. Ingxenye eyinhloko yilezi zinhlamvu, lapho kuzo zonke izinhlobo zokucindezeleka. Futhi lesi sikhungo sihlukanisa ukwakhiwa sibe izingxenye ezimbili, ezingabonakali kuzo zonke izinkulumo.

Izinhlobo ezivame kakhulu, futhi, ngenxa yalokho, iziphakamiso ze-intonation zilandelana, zibuza imibuzo futhi zihlaba umxhwele. Kuzungeze lezi zithombe ezinamabomu ezitholakala ukuthi isithombe sisekelo sokukhuluma sakhiwe.

Izinhlobo zokunikela

I-syntaxists ihlukanisa imisho phakathi kwenhloso kanye nenkulumo. Ngamunye wabo uveza ulwazi oluhluke ngokuphelele futhi unomculo wakhe.

Imisho elandelanayo ngokuzithobayo, ngokushelela futhi ngaphandle kokunikezwa kwemibono ecacile yokwethula ulwazi. Iningi lama-shades angokomzwelo kulezi ziphakamiso zenziwe ngezinga eliphakeme: "Emgodini ogwadule uhlaza, uketshezi lwegolide e-oki lu ..."

Umbuzo ubonakala ngezwi elikhuphuka-elikhuphukayo, lapho, ekuqaleni kombuzo, ithoni ikhuphuka kakhulu, futhi ekupheleni kwayo iyahla: "Uze nini lapha?"

Kodwa isimemezelo sinomsindo ophezulu nakakhulu. Izwi lombhalo likhuphuka kancane kancane, futhi ekupheleni kwayo ingxabano ephakeme kunazo zonke: "Wafika!"

Siphetha ngokuthi inkulumo, izibonelo esacatshangelwe ngenhla, iveza ukuveza imizwelo nesimo sengqondo salowo okhuluma nokuqukethwe kolwazi olukhulunywe nguye.

Okunye ukukhuluma kusho

Uma sicabangela lo mbuzo ngokuningiliziwe, khona-ke iziphakamiso ze-intonation azizona izinhlobo ezintathu kuphela. Izindlela zalo ezengeziwe zinikeza isithombe esingenamkhawulo senkulumo ekhuluma ngokomzwelo.

Izwi lomuntu linemfanelo ehlukile. Kungaba nokuthula okukhulu, ukugcoba nokuhleleka, ukuklabalaza, ukuphuza kanye noketshezi. Zonke lezi zimfanelo zenza inkulumo ibe nenkulumo ejulile futhi ecacile. Kodwa azidluliswanga kahle kule ncwadi ngezibonakaliso ezihlukene.

Izwi eliqinile noma elibuthakathaka ngesikhathi sokukhuluma libuye lishintshe kakhulu inkulumo. Izibonelo zalokho ukwesaba noma ukungaqiniseki okuvezwa ngokuthula, noma intukuthelo, okuphambene nalokho, izwakala kakhulu.

Ijubane lenkulumo libuye lenze isithombe salo sokubona. Umculo wokukhuluma okusheshayo ufakazela isimo esidabukisayo somuntu okhuluma. Ukuhamba kancane kuyisici esimweni sokungaqiniseki noma ukucabangela.

Hhayi, mhlawumbe, izindlela eziyisisekelo kakhulu ze- intonation ziyaphambuka. Yibinzana newashi. Ukhonze ukuveza imizwelo futhi uhlukanise ukusakaza kwenkulumo zibe ngamabhuloki agcwalisiwe. Ngokwezimo zabo, ukuphazamisa kuqedile futhi akuphelele. Eyokuqala isetshenziswe ekugcineni ngokuphelele komusho. Phakathi nendawo kukhona indawo yezinqamuleli ezingaphelele, ezakha ukuphela kobuqili, kodwa hhayi yonke ibinzana.

Okushiwo umusho kuxhomeke ekusetshenzisweni okulungile kwekhefu. Wonke umuntu uyazi isibonelo: "Awukwazi ukuxolela ukubulawa." Kusuka endaweni yokuma isikhashana, kuncike ukuthi umuntu uzosinda noma cha.

Ukuzindla kwezwi ngokubhala

Ukubhaliwe kombhalo kujwayelekile kakhulu ekukhulumeni okuphilayo, lapho umuntu engakwazi ukulawula izwi, futhi ngosizo lwakhe shintsha ingoma yezwi. Inkulumo ebhaliwe ibonakala iyomile futhi ingathandeki, uma ungasebenzisi izindlela ezithunyelwa ngayo. Izibonelo zezibonakaliso ezinjalo ziyaziwa wonke umuntu esikoleni - lezi amaphuzu, amahlaya, ukumemeza nemibuzo yombuzo, ama- commas.

Ukuphela komcabango kwenza iphuzu. Ukuvela okulinganayo kwenkulumo kwenziwa ngamakhompiyutha, okukhombisa indawo yokuyeka. Umcabango ongapheli, onamahlombe yi-ellipsis.

Kodwa ubuhlobo bomphumela obangela imbangela buboniswa ngedatha. Ngaphambi kwakhe enkulumweni, i-intonation iphakama njalo, futhi ngemuva - iya ekunciphiseni. I-colon, ngokuphambene nalokho, ibonakala ukuthi ngaphambi kokuba iphimbo lithinte kancane, futhi ngemuva kokuma isikhala esisha sokuthuthukiswa kwayo kuqala ngokukhula kancane kancane ekupheleni komusho.

I-intonation evamile yombhalo

Ngosizo lwezwi lomsindo lisho ukuthi ungafaka ithoni evamile umsindo wombhalo. Izindaba zothando zihlala zivame futhi zihlaba umxhwele. Bavusa imizwelo yozwela nesihawu. Kodwa imibiko eqinile ayiphenduli nakancane ezingeni lomzwelo. Kuzo, ngaphandle kokumisa, akukho enye indlela ephawulekayo yokuzikhethela.

Yiqiniso, akukwazi ukusho ukuthi umsindo jikelele wombhalo uxhomeke ngokuphelele ezindleleni ezithile ezingezansi. Kodwa isithombe sonke sibonakala kuphela uma ezinye izingxenye zomculo zisetshenziselwa ukwembulwa umqondo oyinhloko. Ngaphandle kwalokhu, umyalezo womlayezo ungaqondakali kubantu abawufunde.

Ukunciphisa izitayela ezahlukene zokukhuluma

Isitayela ngasinye senkulumo sinesithombe sayo se-intonation. Kuye ngezinhloso zesitatimende, kungenziwa kokubili okuthuthukisiwe futhi okuhambisanayo, futhi okuncane, ngaphandle kokuchichima okwedlulele ngokomzwelo.

Kule ndaba, izitayela ezisemthethweni-zebhizinisi nezesayensi zingabizwa ngokuthi zihamba phambili. Bakhuluma ngamaqiniso athile akhiwe ngolwazi olomile.

Izitayela eziningi ezingokomzwelo zingabizwa ngokuthi zixoxisana nobuciko. Ukuze udlulise yonke imibala yenkulumo yomlomo, le ncwadi isebenzisa izakhi eziyisisekelo ze-intonation, nezinye izindlela ezithandwa kakhulu. Ngokuvamile, ukuze umfundi akhulume inkulumo yomlingiswa, abalobi basebenzisa incazelo eningiliziwe yenqubo yokubiza. Lokhu konke kuhlanganiswa yizibonakaliso ezibhalwe nge-intonation. Ngakho-ke, umfundi kalula ekhanda uveza lelo gama, elibona ngombono obonakalayo.