Izingxenye zokukhuluma ezingaziwa: incazelo, isipelingi, izibonelo

"Abanakho abanakho - ngezinye izikhathi abakwazi ukudla, kodwa abanye bangadla, futhi bahlala ngaphandle kwesinkwa. Futhi sinakho lapha, kodwa kukhona, kunalokho, khona-ke sidinga ukubonga isibhakabhaka! ". Inkondlo yamahlaya "I-Toast of Toast" yombongi waseNgilandi uRobert Burns, kukhona ukungqubuzana kwangempela kwamagama athi "ngu", okusho ukuthi ngesinye isikhathi kusho ukuthi "ukuba," nokunye - "udle". Iyiphi impi yilezi: phakathi kwabo nokuthi yini? Hlanganisa - izingxenye zokukhuluma ezingenalo igama. Izibonelo eziseduze.

Ama-homonyms

Phakathi kwamazwi kunoma yiluphi ulimi, phakathi kwabantu emphakathini, ubudlelwane obuthile buvezwe, uhlobo lwawo oluxhomeke ekutheni izimfanelo ezivezwe yizinyunithi ezinobungozi kanye nomklamo wabo wezesayensi. Ngakho-ke, kunezinhlobo ezintathu eziyinhloko: okufanayo, okungaziwa, okungaziwa muntu. Ngalokhu okudingeka siyiqaphele. Ngakho-ke, yiziphi ama-homonyms ngesiRashiya?

Okuyinhloko yento efana ne-homonymy isazi, ukungahambi kahle komsindo - umfanekiso ozwakalayo wamagama amabili noma ngaphezulu enomthelela ophelele ngamanani. Lapha ukuhlukaniswa okuqhubekayo kube ngamaqembu alandelayo kubonakala:

• Ama-homonyms we-Lexical, ngaphandle kwalokho - aphelele (amandla alula - alula, ukukhanya - umhlaba, indawo, umhlaba);
• Akuphelele, okuyinto, futhi, ihlukaniswe yaba yizinhlobo. Phakathi kwalezi zinsuku zihlukanisa: ama-homophones noma ama-homonyms e-fonetiki - ahlukile kunencazelo nesipelingi, kodwa efana nezwi (amaphuzu - amaphuzu kanye nebhola - kusihlwa komdanso); Ama-homographs - incazelo ehlukene, umsindo, kodwa isipelingi esifanayo (ukukhiya - ukukhiya nokukhiya - idivayisi yokulungisa); Ama-omofomu noma ama-homonyms e-morphological ahlukile, futhi ngezinye izikhathi nangokuthi abe yizingxenye zokukhuluma, kodwa efana nokuzwakala kuphela kumafomu ehlukene e-morphological.

Lapha, embuzweni wokuthi yiziphi izi-homonyms ezisesiRussia, sizobeka iphuzu, futhi sizohlala ngokuningiliziwe ngokuningiliziwe ngokuzimela komzimba.

Ama-homonyms afanelekayo wesigama

Leli qembu elikhulu futhi elihlukahlukene lama-homonyms, eliphinde lahlukaniswa zibe yizilwane. Ama-homonyms empeleni wohlelo lolimi yizinyunithi ze-lexical ezifanayo kokubili ukuzwakala nokubhala, kepha ezivela ezingxenyeni ezahlukene zokukhuluma, futhi ngokufanayo, zihlukile kuncazelo ye-lexical, izici ze- morphological, izilimi, indima emshweni. Isibonelo, igama elithi "yikuphi" kungaba: umbuzo noma isimemezelo sesihlobo ("Yini ayeyifunayo egumbini elingemuva?"); I-adverb ngencazelo yokuthi "kungani", "kungani", "kungani", "nganoma yisiphi isizathu" ("Kungani ungafundi incwadi enjalo enentshisekelo?"); Union ("Ngitshela ukuthi ngiya e-Afrika, kodwa awuzange ukholwe"); Isiqephu (njengomthetho, esetshenziswe ekuqaleni kwenkondlo).

Ezinye izinhlobo

Leli qembu lama-homonyms - ama-omoforms, ligcwele ngokugcwele ngamazwi womlomo afaka phakathi kokubili ukuhlaziywa kwe-lexical kanye ne-grammatical. Lezi izingxenye zokukhuluma ezingaziwa. Njengoba bethi, yikuphi futhi yini eyidlayo? Nakhu kuyadingeka ukubhekana nesimo ngasinye.

Izandiso

Izingxenye zokukhuluma ezingabonakali zidinga ukuhlukaniswa phakathi kwazo, futhi ngenxa yalokhu kunezinqubo ezithile. Isibonelo, kunezandiso eziningi okumelwe zihlukaniswe ngamagama angabonakali amagama, izichasiso, ama-gerunds, ama-pronouns. Yini? Ukusetshenziswa okulungile enkulumweni futhi ungavumeli amaphutha esipelingi, ngoba lezi zibini zibizwa ngokulinganayo, kodwa zihlukile kuma-semantics nesipelingi.

Emisho, isikhangiso sihluke kusuka ebantwini ngokubona noma ukungabi khona kwegama elixhomekile. Isibizo sinalo, okwesibini akusho. Isibonelo, igama elithi "(on) umhlangano": "Wazama ukuhlangabezana" - isaziso ngokwemqondo "phambili"; "Ukulindela kwami ukuhlangana nomngane omdala akuzange kugcwaliseke" - umhlangano (osalindelwe isikhathi eside) negama elixhomekile elithi "umngane", igama elibhekene nesimo esilandelayo. Ngomthetho ofanayo, sihlukanisa phakathi kwesimemezelo nesiphakamiso. Isibonelo, "(ku) kuya ku-autumn": "Ilanga selivele likhanya ekwindla" - isilengiso, ukubhala okulungile ngokusebenzisa i-hyphen; "Izinkanyezi ezihamba phambili zigijima esibhakabhakeni sekwindla" - isichasiselo sincike ekubini igama elithi "isibhakabhaka" futhi lihambisana nalo ngobulili, inombolo kanye necala, isilungiselelo sibhaliwe ngokwehlukana.

Kodwa uma uqhathanisa phakathi kwezandiso kanye nezinsizakalo zenkonzo njengezinhlayiya , iziphakamiso, izihlanganiso, udinga nje ukubuza umbuzo ngezwi lesithakazelo bese ukhetha igama elifanayo. Isibonelo, ake sithathe igama elithi "by": "Izingane zadlula phambili izitebhisi ngenjabulo" - isizathu, umbuzo awuphakanyisiwe, kungenzeka ukuthi uthathe indawo "ngaphambili,"; "Egijima esidlule, wamemeza kakhulu" - isikhangiso ngomqondo wokuthi "close, close, close".

Izinyunyana

Siyaqhubeka sicabangela into efana ne-homonymy yokuziphatha. Kunezinkinga eziningi ezinzima, kunzima kakhulu kulo, phakathi kwazo isipelingi sezingxenye zokukhuluma ezingaziwa. Izibonelo zizokuvumela ukuba ubone futhi uqonde umehluko phakathi kwabo.

Ukuqapha okukhethekile kumele kuhokhwe kulezinyunyana ezifana "ngakho, ngoba, futhi, ngoba, ngenxa yalokhu." Inyunyana "kuya" inomfowabo ongenalo igama - isichazamazwi esihlobene nesiqu esithi "yikuphi" futhi inhlayiyana "izoba." Ukuhlukanisa kanjani? Awukwazi ukuvumela iphutha lokupela isipelingi. Okokuqala, uma inhlayiya "ingabe ishiywe noma idluliselwe kwenye ingxenye yomusho, futhi kuthi" yikuphi "ukukhetha igama, khona-ke sinesimemezelo. Isibonelo: "Yini ayengayithola? "Yini okufanele ayidonse?" "Uzoyithola yini?" - Isithombe sakhe sokudweba? "Futhi, okwesibili, indawo yenyunyana eyodwa ingabeka enye. Siyafunda: "Ngize kuwe ukukhuluma ngezinkinga eziqoqiwe. "Ngize kuwe ukukhuluma ngezinkinga eziqoqiwe."

Futhi, futhi

Izinyunyana "nazo, futhi" zale ngqungquthela hhayi ngengozi. Bathi, njenge "heroes" zangaphambilini, banezingxenye zabo zokukhuluma ezingahloniphi igama - isitha esinenhlayiyana "ngendlela efanayo" nesimemezelo se-particle "efanayo". Ukuze siqonde ukuthi ngaphambi kwethu izinyunyana, kufanele sithathe esikhundleni salo komunye noma ngenyunyana "futhi" ("Siyamthanda inganekwane, futhi uyayithanda = naye uyayithanda = futhi uyayithanda"). Lena yindlela yokuqala.

Esikhathini isichazamazwi nesimemezelo, izinhlayiya "ezifanayo" zingasuswa noma zithathelwe indawo, futhi kule nyunyana akusho ("Wayefuna into efanayo njengoba senze = Wayefuna lokho esikufunayo"). Ngaphezu kwalokho, inyunyana ayiphakamisi umbuzo, kodwa ku-adverb kanye nesimemezelo - yebo. ("Wayefuna okufanayo (yenzani na?) Lokho esikwenzayo, Wagijima ngendlela efanayo (kanjani? Kanjani ncamashi?), Njengathi"). Lena yindlela yesibili.

Kodwa, ngoba, ngoba

Siyaqhubeka nesihloko, futhi sibuyele esimweni esisha, hhayi izikhathi ezincane ezithakazelisayo: ukuhlanganisa nokuhlukanisa izingxenye zezingxoxo zokukhuluma "kodwa ngenxa yokuthi, ngakho-ke." Babhala ngokubambisana ndawonye, uma bebumbene, futhi ngokwehlukana - uma izimemezelo zihambisana nezibikezelo. Ungaziqaphela kanjani? Izindlela ziyafana nezibonelo ezingenhla.

Inyunyana ingahlala ikhethwa yinye inhlangano: "kodwa-ngoba, ngoba, ngenxa yalokho" ("Ungumculi omubi, kodwa (kodwa) umhlobiso omuhle"). Kuhlanganiswa "kwalokhu, kusukela kulokho, yilokho," izimemezelo "ke, ukuthi," kungashintshwa kalula ngegama noma isichasiselo bese ubanika imibuzo ehambelanayo ("Ngifuna ukubonga ngokuthi (yini?) Ukuthi ufike Kithina ngeholidi ")

Iziphakamiso

Isipelingi sezingxenye zokukhulumisana (okusetshenziselwa izincwadi ezincwadini zesiRussia) siyisihloko esiyinkimbinkimbi. Ngakho-ke, siyaqhubeka nokutadisha le ndaba ngokuningiliziwe.

Ngakho-ke, iziphakamiso nezinye izingxenye zokukhuluma ezingahlonishwayo. Lapha kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi umsebenzi wokubeka phambili ukuhlanganisa amagama amabili akha inhlanganisela yegama. Zitholakala futhi azikhiqizi. Owokuqala kufanele ahlukaniswe nezingxenye zokukhuluma ezingaziwa. Nazi izibonelo ezimbalwa:

• "Ifulethi lafakwa ukuze inyanga eyodwa. "Ngokungazelelwe, kwaba khona ukuphenduka okujulile emfuleni."
• "Sahamba lonke elase-Italy inyanga. - Ekuqhubekeni kwendabuko kubonakala izintatheli ezingalindelekile. "
• "Ngenxa yokungabi nesikhathi, angizange ngiqede umsebenzi wami. "Ngabuza ukuthi yini ayengayicabangayo."
• "Ngenxa yemibono yakhe emisha, sifezile lo msebenzi. "Izivakashi zahlakazeka kancane kancane, ngenxa yesibambiso se-dinner esimnandi."

Kuyini lokho

Emshweni wokuqala, inhlanganisela ethi "ngesikhathi" iyisimo sokuqala esivela ekupheleni -e, njengoba isetshenziswe ngomqondo wesikhathi futhi iphendula imibuzo "isikhathi esingakanani? Nini? "Unqatshelwe incazelo eqondile ye-lexical, engahambisani kahle negama. Esikhathini sesibili - ukubiza amagama "ukugeleza" - lokhu kuyisibizo esinesibalo, ngoba phakathi kwabo ungabeka isichasiselo, isibonelo, "ngokugeleza okusheshayo". Sibhala ukuphela-futhi ngokusho kwemithetho jikelele ye-declension yamabizo.

Emshweni wesithathu, sisebenzisana nesimiso sokuthi "ngokuqhubekayo" ekupheleni nencwadi -e. Njengesibonelo sokuqala, sinenani lesikhathi, kuye ngokuthi igama. Emshweni wesine, "ukuqhubeka" kuyisabizo esinegama, ngoba umuntu angasebenzisa isichazamagama phakathi kwabo. Ngaphambi kwethu kukhona i-homonymy evamile yamagama wezingxenye ezahlukene zokukhuluma.

Ngokwehlukile kwesihlanu, igama elithi "ekubukeni" libhaliwe ndawonye, ngoba libonisa isizathu futhi, ngenxa yalokho, kuyisimo esinqunyiwe. Emgunyeni wesithupha sibhekana nesibongo esinesihloko esithi "engqondweni" bese ubhala ngokwehlukana. "Umusa" yifomu lokuqala, elimi kulowo oyedwa, esimweni sokuqala.

Esimeni lesikhombisa sibhekana nokusetshenziswa kwesimiso esithi "sibonga", ngoba asikwazi ukubuza umbuzo futhi senze ngaphandle kwawo. Futhi ngehora lesishiyagalombili - sihlangana nomuntu obizwa ngegama elithi "thanks", ngoba lisho isinyathelo esengeziwe esilandelayo, esilandelwayo "ukuhlukanisa," futhi senze iqhaza lokukhuluma.

Sithemba ukuthi isihloko esihlokweni esithi "izingxenye zokukhuluma ezingenasici: incazelo, isipelingi, izibonelo" kuzosiza ukubhekana nazo zonke izinkinga ekufundeni ulimi lwesiRashiya.