Ulimi oluvame kakhulu emhlabeni. Izilimi eziyinkimbinkimbi kunazo zonke zomhlaba

Mhlawumbe abantu abaningi baye bazwa ngombhoshongo waseBabel, kanye nomlando wayo. Nguye owathi ngaphambi kokuba bonke abantu baqondane, futhi ulimi lwalunye lwabo bonke. Noma kunjalo, lokhu kwaqhubeka kwaze kwafika isikhathi lapho abantu babethukuthele khona uNkulunkulu, owahlukanisa nokuqonda ulimi olwakhulunywa ngabakwa-comrade zangaphambili, ebaphoqa ukuba bahlale emhlabeni jikelele, bezakhele abantu babo amasiko ahlukile kanye namasiko abo.

Ngakho kwakungenjalo noma cha, kodwa namuhla kunezilimi ezingaphezu kuka-7000 emhlabeni. Yiqiniso, lesi sibalo asiqapheli, ngoba akunakwenzeka ukukhipha amakhombandlela athile kanye nemihlangano eminingi yemibono ehlukene phakathi kwezilimi. Ulimi oluvame kakhulu emhlabeni luyehlukahluka ngesikhathi esithile: ngezikhathi ezihlukene "ukuphathwa kweelwimi" kwakuneziLatini, isiFulentshi, iSpanishi, isi-Arabhu, isiGreki nezinye izilimi. Isikhathi sithatha - ishintsho samasiko asungulwe. Manje izwe ligxilwe ngokuqinile ngesiNgisi, kodwa ingabe ingaphila isikhathi eside? Ngeke sikhulume ngalokhu manje. Izilimi ezivamile kakhulu emhlabeni ngo-2013 ziyiNgisi nesiShayina, ngenxa yokubusa kwezomnotho nezombangazwe kwe-US ne-China, kanye nezenzakalo zomlando.

Izilimi zomhlaba

Isikhathi sabantu besilwela ukutholakala okusha nokuqaphela amazwe angaziwa, okwakhuthaza amadoda anamandla afana noChristopher Columbus noma uFrancis Drake ukuba bahambe ngezinyawo. I-Age of Discover Great yavulela indlela yesiNgisi, isiPutukezi nesiSpanish izilimi ezikude zeplanethi yethu, iphakamisa ukulinganisa kwabo jikelele nokubona kwabo. Okwamanje kunezilimi ezingu-8 "zezwe" - isiNgisi, isiShayina, iSpanishi, isiRussia, isi-Arabhu, isiFulentshi, isiPutukezi nesiJalimane. Unenani elikhulu kunabo bonke abathwali, inani labo elilingana nabantu abayizigidi ezingu-4,3, okungaba ngu-60% wabantu bonke bomhlaba.

Ulimi oluvame kakhulu emhlabeni wonke, yiNgisi, enezinkhulumi eziyizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-1.4, futhi ikhona jikelele ekukhulumisaneni kwamazwe ngamazwe. Ngaphandle kwalaba "giants" endaweni yokufunda, kunezinye izingxenye zemali ebambe "izilimi" ezisengozini, zizobhujiswa ukuqedela ukuphela. Isibonelo, lezi zilimi zobudlova, i-itotanama, i-kaguila, i-goundo nabanye, okunye okuvela kuwo abantu abangaphansi kuka-100 emhlabeni jikelele. Njengomthetho, lezi zilimi zezizwe ezindaweni ezikude zase-Afrika noma eNingizimu Melika.

Izilimi eziyinkimbinkimbi kunazo zonke zomhlaba

Manje sizozama ukwenza i-TOP-5, okungukuthi, ukulinganisa kwezilimi okungezona okulukhuni kuphela okukufunda, kodwa ngisho nokufunda okungenani ukuchaza okuncane nezikhulumi zalo. Yiqiniso, umuntu akakwazi ukubiza ngokunembile ulimi oluyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu lokutadisha, ngoba kubantu abaningi ukuxhumana ngezilimi kuzoba nendima enkulu. Isibonelo, kuzoba lula kumRussia ukuthi afunde isi-Ukrainian noma isi-Belarusian kunesiFulentshi, futhi amaJapane angeke kube nzima kakhulu ukufunda isiShayina, kodwa kuyoba nzima ukuqonda iSpanishi nokunye okunjalo. Kodwa-ke, umuntu angakwazi ukuveza iphuzu lokubheka ngezinhloso ezilimini eziyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu, okuzobe kusekelwe emithethweni yemithetho kanye namasiko avunyelwe ngokuvamile. Ngakho-ke, ake siqale.

Isi-Chinese

Ngezizathu eziningana, lolu limi luthatha kuqala ku-TOP yethu. Okokuqala, kuvela ubunzima obunzima ngama-hieroglyphics asetshenziswe ngokubhala. Ngokuvamile, ngisho namaShayina kunzima ukuqonda uphawu oluthile, hhayi ukukhuluma ngabokufika. Ngamanye amagama agcizelelwe yi-hieroglyph yayo, futhi ngisho ne-phonetic, okwenza kube nzima ukwazi kusengaphambili ukubiza amagama athile. Yengeza amafutha emlilweni nasetheni le-tonal, elinamathoni amane ngolimi. Ekugcineni, e-China inombolo enkulu kakhulu yama-homophones, okuyinto enzima kakhulu ukufunda ulimi. Okokugcina, asho ukuthi isiShayina yilona ulimi olukhulunywa kakhulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni ngokusho kwenani lezikhulumi ezibheka njengelokuzalwa.

Isi-Arabhu

Futhi olunye ulimi lapho kunenkinga ebalulekile ngokubhala. Iqiniso liwukuthi ezinye izincwadi zinamafomu amane ahlukene esipelingi, okuxhomeke esimweni sabo kwelinye igama. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amakholi awasetshenzisiwe encwadini. Akulula ukufunda nokuzwakala, futhi amagama akakhulu nakakhulu. Izenzo zesi-Arabhu ngokuvamile zihamba ngaphambi kwezibikezelo nezengezo. Isenzo sinezinombolo ezingu-3, ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukutadisha izibizo nezenzo ngokukodwa, okubili kanye nobuningi. Okwamanje kunezinhlobo ezingu-13 ezahlukene. Isibizo sinamacala amathathu nesigaba sesibili. Uhlu lwezinkinga ze-Arabhu lugcwaliswa yizilimi, ezihlukanisa kakhulu ulimi emazweni akhuluma isi-Arabhu, njengokuthi, isiFulentshi neSpanishi.

Tuyuka

Lolu limi lingolunye lwabaningi, oluvamile e-Eastern Amazon. Isistimu yomsindo akumele ibangele ubunzima obukhethekile, kepha ukuhlukunyezwa kungenza abantu abathile bangethuse. Isibonelo, igama elithi hóabãsiriga ekuhunyushweni lisho ukuthi "Angazi ukubhala". Kulolu limi kukhona amakilasi angaba ngu-50-140 ngamabizo (genera), kodwa into emangalisa kakhulu ukuthi isikhulumi sidinga ukusebenzisa ukuphela kokukhuluma okungacacisa ukuthi uyazi kanjani lokho akushoyo. Nasi isibonelo esincane. I-Diga ape-wi ihumusha ngokuthi "umfana wadlala ibhola," kodwa isikhulumi singasho ukuthi uma yena ngokwakhe ebona . Kodwa Diga ape-hiyi - vumela ukuthi ihunyushwe ngesiRussia futhi, kodwa, ngolimi lukaTuyuk, isikhulumi siyosho kanjalo uma eqala noma engaqiniseki ngokuqiniseka kolwazi. Ukuphela okunjalo kululwimi kuyadingeka. Yebo, uma ufuna ukufunda ulimi lwe-Tuyuk, cabanga njalo lapho ufunde khona ulwazi.

IsiHungary

Izilimi eziyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu zigcwaliswa ngolimi lokuqala lwaseYurophu - isiHungary. Kunezizathu eziningana zalokhu. Okokuqala, kunamacala angu-35 kuwo, okufaka ngokuzenzakalelayo ulimi ohlwini lwazo eziyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, isiHungary siyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu ekukhulumeni, futhi ukutadisha amagama kuzokwenza ngisho namadoda angama-erudite.

IsiJapane

Okokugcina ku-TOP yethu. Okokuqala, izinkinga zivela ngokubhala, ngoba zihluke ekulimeni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kunezinhlobo ezintathu zokubhala. Uhlelo lwe-kanji lisebenzisa izinhlamvu zesiShayina, futhi amagama amabili ase-Japanese asekuqaleni asebenzisa ama-syllabic alfabhethi asetshenziselwa amagama okubolekwa (katakana) nokubhala izilinganiso, kanye nezinhlayiya ezihlukahlukene zohlelo lolimi (hiragana).

"Izilimi Eziholayo": Amazwe aphethe kanye nezimo kwamanye amazwe

Luyini ulimi oluvame kakhulu? Ukukhuluma ngobukhulu bomhlaba bamazwe-abathwali, ubuholi obuphelele buhlala yiNgisi (Great Britain + Izindawo Ezixhomekile, Australia, USA, New Zealand, Canada, India, Pakistan, Iceland, Ireland, e-Oceania nase-Afrika) naseSpain (eSpain, eMexico, ENicaragua, eCosta Rica, ePanama, eGuatemala, e-El Salvador, eHonduras, eDominican Republic, eCuba nakuzo zonke amazwe aseNingizimu Melika ngaphandle kweBrazil).

Uma ukwahlulela ngenani lezikhulumi (obheka ukuthi ulimi lwakhona), izilimi ezivame kakhulu ziyiShayina (abantu abayizigidi ezingu-848), iSpanishi (abantu abangu-406 million) nesiNgisi (abantu abayizigidi ezingu-335). Mhlawumbe, ngeke kube yimfihlo kunoma ubani isiNgisi okuphoqelekile ukutadisha emazweni amaningi emhlabeni, kuhlanganise nezikhulumi zaseRashiya. Kodwa-ke, ukuxhunyaniswa kwembulunga yonke ye-English ayikwazanga kodwa kuthinte ulimi ngokwalo, yingakho isiNgisi "esingalungile" sivame kakhulu emhlabeni wonke (ngaphandle kwalapho kubhekwa khona okusemthethweni) ngamagama aphikisayo, ukusetshenziswa okungafanele kwesikhathi, nokunye okunjalo. Ulimi oluvame kakhulu emhlabeni (isiNgisi) lusetha indawo yokuqala kumawebhusayithi (cishe ngo-56%) kanye nephesenti yomnikelo wezikhulumi zomdabu ku-GDP (cishe ngo-29%). Ngokuqondene nokufunda ulimi ngalunye, abantu bavame ukufuna ukuthuthukisa ulimi oluhle "oluhle" oluhle, njengoba kubonakala ngokubheka imiphumela yezinhlolovo eziningi ze-intanethi. Lokhu kufaka isiNtaliyane, isiFulentshi, iSpanishi, isiPutukezi nesiShayina Njengoba ubona, iningi labaholi liyiqembu le-Romance. Ulimi oluvame kakhulu emhlabeni, isiNgisi, luye lwaba ngaphezu kweyodwa kwi-TOP-10 enhle kakhulu ngenxa yocwaningo lwayo lokubhala nolwazi oluningi emculweni nakwabhayisikobho.