Amalungelo nemisebenzi kaMongameli WaseRussia ngaphansi koMthethosisekelo kafushane

Yiziphi imisebenzi uMongameli Russian Federation? Kulesi sihloko sizobona ukuthi ukwenaba ngalesi sihloko. Ngo abakaki kukhona nezinqumo izihloko soMthethosisekelo, uma ayikho incazelo yezinye iziqondiso.

IHhovisi likaMengameli

Abantu abaningi bacabanga ukuthi ihhovisi likamengameli ubonakele ezweni lakithi ngemva kokuwa Soviet. Eqinisweni, akuyona okokuqala okuthunyelwe yethulwa ngo-1990 e-USSR.

Lokhu kwakuwumphumela umthetho omusha "On the yeningi" ka 1988. MS Gorbachev labetibambile kwekuhlela kabusha yeningi ke egunyeni eliphakeme kunawo wonke kuleli zwe baba iCongress of amaphini Yabantu. umongameli KwabaseSoviet Kwakugxile Khona - Isikhulu esiphezulu - likhethwa le ngqungquthela futhi ngokomthetho abangaphansi kwakhe. okungukuthi eSoviet Union ekupheleni ukhona, sidale uhlobo republic ePhalamende yeningi okungukuthi ngalokwanele okusikhumbuza uhlelo lesimanje FRG Shansela noMphathi Italy - ne uNdunankulu. Kodwa umehluko omkhulu babe ukuthi iphalamende zaseSoviet 2250 lalinabashumayeli kwamaphini, okuhlangabezana cishe kanye ngonyaka, futhi ukuthi kwakukhona iqembu elilodwa - leQembu LamaKhomanisi.

Yiqiniso, ekupheleni elaseSoviet Union adiliza sici zokugcina: wasungula maningi futhi emphakathini, kodwa ngayo embusweni Western Union kwaba isekude. Noma kunjalo, yesimanje Liberal Democratic Party yase Russia (LDPR) iye ihlelwe ngisho eSoviet Union (1989) futhi yayibizwa ngokuthi LDPSS. Namuhla, akusiyo inkambiso khumbula, njengoba kunenkolelo ukuthi ubhubhisé ubudala uhlelo wobushiqela futhi wadala entsha, yeningi. Kodwa uzokwenza, kufanele uqaphele ukuthi eSoviet Union - kuhwelela ukhona - kodwa sekube yezinguquko kwezombangazwe nakwezomnotho.

Izinkinga sezombusazwe kuleliya Russia: i Ukwamukelwa koMthethosisekelo futhi isifungo salowo Amalungelo nemisebenzi ye umongameli

Umlando wezwe lakithi angahlubula ngakho ukuthi ihhovisi likamengameli alikwazanga. UMengameli obambile we Russian Federation babe ukumemezela kuphela ngoDisemba 1993, lapho uMthethosisekelo omusha yokutholwa, kodwa kuze kube yileso sikhathi, buholi betepolitiki ezweni lethu lwaqhekeka kwaba amakamu amabili:

1. Eyokuqala wayefuna ukubona inhloko isimo Russian Federation Ephakeme Council, okwakuyoholela ukubika kuMongameli. Zazithandaza kwezombusazwe isimo esisha ngendlela endala Soviet. Kungenzeka ukuthi lokhu Vector zaziyogcina siguqulelwa republic ePhalamende, kodwa abantu bafuna ushintsho olungcono kuyo yonke imikhakha yomphakathi.
2. Lesi sakamuva babe abasekeli republic kamongameli-ePhalamende. Babekholelwa ukuthi kwathiwa abantu abakhethiweyo bakwa umongameli wezwe kufanele igunya.

Bobabili uMongameli Boris Yeltsin namalungu Ephakeme Council, eliholwa RI Khasbulatov bavikela ngombono wakhe. Ngenxa yalokho, inhlekelele yezombangazwe wezwe, okwaqala ngo ekuqaleni 1992 kuze ekwindla ka-1993, futhi kungaholela impi yombango ezweni lakithi.

Ekwindla ka-1993 e-dolobha yabonakala ngothango, futhi kwezinye izindawo ukushayisana ka izinhlangothi ezimbili ezilwayo kwakukhula kuze kube zasemgwaqweni. Esiphakeme oPhethe Russian Federation sichithiwe uMongameli Russian Federation, kanti isixuku esikhulu ngesinqumo somthetho ziyoncibilika umzimba akhethwe. Kuthiwa ukuba semthethweni wayesekhona ohlangothini woMkhandlu, njengoba uDisemba 1993 izwe wahlala ngaphansi kweMtsetfosisekelo eU.SSR ngo-1977, ngakho-esinqumweni kamongameli babengenalo amandla ngokomthetho.

Nokho, BN Yeltsin icele labetibambile ngo-Ephreli 1993 inhlolovo, lapho cishe ngo-58% we-podderzhali.No yayo namanje 42% weBhodi abasekeli - iphesenti abalulekile, kanye yokukhuphuka eminye yale nkinga kungaholela nemiphumela eyinhlekelele. Yonke indawo kwakukhona abantu ngezibhamu, izibhelu abahlomile umbhoshongo Ostankino TV.

Okthoba 4, 1993 ku-dolobha owethulwa amathangi Taman Division, ngokomthetho ibika kuNgqongqoshe Wezokuvikela, emnyango kuMninimandla oPhethe Russian Federation. Bona adubule White House, lapho abasekeli ababebalekele woMkhandlu Ephakeme. Kwakamuva umaluju, futhi asolwa ngokuzama ukuvukela uMbuso. Futhi ngo-December 1993-ke wazitholela uMthethosisekelo omusha we Russian Federation. Ekugcineni, umongameli amandla kwakugunyaziwe okhethweni 1996.

uMongameli isimo

UMongameli RF uMthethosisekelo, iNhloko State (Ingxenye 1 of Art. 80). Akazange inhloko amandla esiphezulu, kodwa Uhulumeni unelungelo ukuba singaya emhlanganweni, sengamele ke, yenza isinqumo mayelana ukwesula kwakhe kanye kwemvume Duma State ukuba imnike ikhanda yezwe (art. 83).

Imithombo umthetho ayibonisi khona uhlobo lwesine kwamandla - ". IHhovisi likaMengameli" Nokho, leli gama lisetshenziswa umthetho ukugxila isimo olukhethekile inhloko yezwe lwetemtsetfo: khona amandla akhe, futhi ezihlukahlukene nemalungelo kanye netibopho ukusebenzisana nezinye iziphathimandla, ikakhulukazi esiphezulu.

Uyini umthwalo wemfanelo uMongameli Russian Federation? Ukuhlolisisa kamuva kulesi sihloko.

Isiqinisekiso Kwamalungelo Abantu Nenkululeko

Imisebenzi eyinhloko umongameli Russian Federation kukhona ukuqinisekisa amalungelo nenkululeko yomuntu isakhamuzi (Ingxenye 2 of Art. 80). Kumele sicacise ukuthi amaphuzu esihlokweni welithi "amalungelo ezakhamuzi zenkululeko" futhi "amalungelo esintu kanye nenkululeko." Ake sihlole ngokuningiliziwe ngalokhu.

Ngaphansi likhuluma okokuqala ubudlelwane nzile izakhamuzi elala isimo (uhulumeni). Lokhu kusho yokuthi inhloko yezwe lethu has ukuqinisekisa amalungelo levela izinhlinzeko zoMthetho isimo is isakhamuzi, isibonelo, amalungelo ezombangazwe (ekusebenziseni ilungelo ukhetha futhi bakhethwe, ukubamba iqhaza imibuthano obunokuthula zezombusazwe futhi imihlangano, ukuthatha indzima emisebentini bezinhlangano zepolitiki, amakomiti inyunyana et al.).

Igama elithi "kwamalungelo wobuntu" kusho lezo livikeleke izivumelwano eziningi zamazwe ngamazwe neyesigodi. Ngezansi kubo ehloselwe mithetho yokuziphatha ukuqinisekisa ukuthi inkululeko nesithunzi ngabanye. umthwalo wayo ukuvikela amalungelo esintu izakhamuzi inhloko yezwe kungenziwa igcwaliseke, kwenta sibonelo, ngekuletsa vetoing eminye imithetho kanye nezinqumo zesigungu Duma State phambi imali yokugcina sokungezwani yi yinkantolo.

Ngaphansi "zenkululeko" kufanele uhunyushwe nokungabi khona kwanoma yiliphi nezingqinamba zihibe yini kungenziwa kuphethwe isimo ngenxa yezizathu ezihlukahlukene futhi imiqulu ehlukahlukene. Njengoba isibonelo, inkululeko engokwenkolo isinqumo- yomsebenzi nabanye.

Ukushicilelwa kwemithetho kamasipala

Inhloko isimo unelungelo ukukhipha iziqondiso zabo - zimiso oda ukuthi ziyisibopho kuzo zonke izakhamuzi. Uma ingangqubuzani umthetho kahulumeni.

Isinqumo - lesi uhlelo lomthetho isenzo eside, ebhekisela umphakathi.

Ukulahlwa - kuyisenzo ngabanye eziphathelene umuntu othize - sezomthetho noma yemvelo - noma igunya lomphakathi.

Umthetho oyisisekelo yezwe akasebenzisi welithi "iziqondiso" maqondana nezinqumo nemiyalo inhloko yezwe. Nokho, yilabo ngaphansi ngezigaba zamanje esemthethweni yemithetho, njengoba ngeke kuphikisana nanoma yimiphi imithetho kahulumeni noma iziqondiso soMthethosisekelo.

Nezinqumo uhlamvu normative baqale ukuqhuba kulo lonke leli zwe emva kokuphela kwezinsuku ezingu-7 ngemuva kokungena ngemvume. Okunye oda - ngokushesha.

yisiboniso soMthethosisekelo

Umongameli Russian guarantor soMthethosisekelo futhi kumele ithobele kulondolozwe iziqondiso zalo, ukuvimbela ebukezwe amalungelo okuqinisekisiwe kanye nenkululeko. Amsize enze le misebenzi uMongameli Administration noKhomishana amalungelo Wezingane ngaphansi uMongameli Russian Federation Human Rights.

yisiboniso ukuzimela

Siyaqhubeka uqaqe imisebenzi lomthethosisekelo umongameli Russian Federation. Inhloko state yisiboniso ubukhosi. Lo mthwalo senza ngokusebenzisa ifa amandla akhethekile, ezifana ilungelo lokubeka umthetho karate. Inhloko isimo iyona umkhuzi obuphakeme amabutho ahlomile futhi asolwandle.

imisebenzi omele

UMongameli limelela isimo kokubili inqubomgomo angaphandle kanye ezifuywayo. Ngokwesibonelo, ukuthi igunyaziwe ngemvume izivumelwano zamazwe ngamazwe egameni State, ukuvikela izithakazelo izinkampani Russian enkundleni ngamazwe, kanye nabanye.

Ngokuphathelene yangaphakathi ukumelwa umsebenzi, kubalulekile ukuchaza izici unit indawo-zokuphatha. Russia iyisimo federal sakhiwa izifunda kanye nemizi ukubaluleka sikahulumeni. Izihloko isihlukene mini-uthi ephephandabeni i-Federation. Banelungelo ukuba yangaphakathi yabo umthethosisekelo, izimiso, ukuze usethe emizimbeni yazo esemthethweni, ukukhipha iziqondiso yangaphakathi, republic kazwelonke Unelungelo ulimi isimo kwesibili, njll Ikakhulu isimiso esinjalo ukuthi izikhonzi imithetho akumele ziyaphikisana uMthethosisekelo kanye federal imithetho. Inhloko state isikhungo sikahulumeni e ubuhlobo izinhlangano wezwe.

Izibopho ezihlobene ukuxhumana neziphathimandla (Art. 83-85)

UMongameli kufanele enze imisebenzi ehambisana ne-nokuxhumana neziphathimandla:

1. Umisa undunankulu nge kwemvume Duma State.
2. Kuthatha isinqumo ukwesula Uhulumeni, sokumisa izenzo zayo.
3. Khomba bese uchithe Supreme Umyalo we-Armed Forces.
4. Vumela imfundiso lempi isimo.
5. Umisa amajaji futhi inhloko Central Bank of the Russian Federation.
6. Uqala izikweletu ezabelwe ivoti kuleli uDuma State.
7. Ngena ngemvume futhi limise ukusayinwa imithetho kahulumeni bamukela yiPhalamende.
8. Call inhlolovo.
9. imiyalezo Lonyaka kuSigungu Federal.

Isikhathi sokuba sesikhundleni sikaMongameli we Russian Federation (Art. 81)

Ekuqaleni ku 1993 soMthethosisekelo, uMongameli akhethwe jikelele ukukhethwa ngokwentando yeningi iminyaka 4. Ngo-2008, kwaba khona kabusha eyakhelwe ngaphezu komthethosisekelo. Manje, ngo-2012, isikhathi sokusebenza kaMengameli we Russian Federation - iminyaka 6. Futhi wokhetho lobumengameli elilandelayo izobanjelwa ezweni lethu ngoMashi 2018.

Izidingo kuya nembangi owayengumongameli waseRussia

Yini okudingeka abe isimo ezinkulu? Kukhona ubuncane saziso zomthetho, okuyinto ebekiwe kuMthethosisekelo:

• hhayi abaneminyaka engaphansi 35;
• yokuhlala ensimini ka ezweni lethu iminyaka okungenani eziyishumi;
• ukungabikho ngokuqiniseka.

Amalungelo nemisebenzi kaMongameli WaseRussia ngokuvumelana uMthethosisekelo (kafushane)

Ngakho, ngamafuphi imiphumela kanye uhlu kwekhono inhloko yezwe:

• yisiboniso soMthethosisekelo, ukuzimela, amalungelo nenkululeko izakhamuzi;
• nokugcina uhlelo kwezitho kahle kwemandla embuso;
• ukumelwa kunqubomgomo basekhaya nabamazwe angaphandle;
• ezokuphepha kuleliya lizwe;
• ukuqapha nokulandela soMthethosisekelo;
• ukwamukelwa of izinyathelo eziphuthumayo eziphuthumayo situatsiyyah, ukumenyezelwa komthetho amasosha;
• ukulawula wonke amagatsha amandla;
• ekhuluma nezindaba ezihlobene yisakhamuzi futhi ukukhoseliswa ezombusazwe;
• kumiswa oMkhandlu wezokuPhepha yezwe;
• inhlolovo;

• wengamela imihlangano yesigungu, isinqumo ukwesula uHulumeni ukuqokwa kwe-Chair entsha nge kwemvume Duma;
• kwenziwa isinqumo sokunikeza futhi ukuxolelwa;
• aphoyintimenti lwekhanda Central Bank ne kwemvume Duma;
• kokumiswa kwabehluleli;
• hlobo yizimiso zawo siqu futhi oda, engahambelani nezinhlinzeko imithetho yombuso kanye soMthethosisekelo;
• eminye imisebenzi.

Sithemba ukuthi ulwazi lwakho kule inwetshisiwe.