Imfundo:Izilimi

Vula noma e-Ukraine: kanjani ukubhala nokukhuluma ngendlela efanele ngokwemithetho yolimi lwesiRussia?

KuRussia wanamuhla kunamaphuzu amaningi okuphikisana. Phakathi kwabo umbuzo wokuthi ungabhala kanjani kahle: "e-Ukraine" noma "e-Ukraine". Ngokuphathelene nokulwa okwaqala ngo-2014 phakathi kwe-Ukraine ne-Russian Federation, lokhu kucatshangwa yizombusazwe zamazwe womabili. Kodwa-ke, uma singabonakali kulokho konke futhi sigxila ezilimini, yikuphi ukusetshenziselwa okulungile kwecala? Ake sibone.

Ingabe uhlelo lolimi luxhomeke ezombusazwe?

Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ososayensi bezilimi bazibetha kanjani esifubeni, bebeka ukuzimela kwemithetho yolimi kusuka esimweni sezombusazwe, kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi lokhu akunjalo.

Iqiniso liwukuthi ulimi olufile kuphela oluzinzile. Inkulumo ephilayo iyashintsha njalo, ivumelane nemibono emisha yamasiko, ezobuchwepheshe nezombangazwe. Phela, ulimi luqala futhi luyisici sokuxhumana. Ngakho-ke, kufanele ikhululeke kakhulu kule njongo futhi iguquke kanye nomphakathi ukuyisebenzisa, ngaphandle kwalokho iyofa.

Mayelana nalokhu, umbuzo ngamunye wokuphikisana nolimi kufanele ucatshangwe ngokuphathelene nesimo esabangela ukubonakala kwawo.

Yimaphi ama-pretexts asetshenziswa abalobi bokudala

Ngaphambi kokulalela umbuzo othi: "Ibhalwa kanjani leli gama elithi" e-Ukraine "noma" e-Ukraine "? Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ngomlando umlando wezwe.

Ngakho-ke, ngemva kokuwa kweKivanvan Rus, amazwe alo ahlukaniswe ngokwawo yizikhulu ezizungezile. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi inhloko yalowo nalowo wazama ukugcizelela ukuthi uyindlalifa yalesi simo, enezela isihloko sakhe isiqalo esithi "Yonke i-Russia".

Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, i-Grand Duchy yaseLithuania, i-Grand Duchy yaseMoscow noMbuso wasePoland yaba namandla kakhulu kule ndawo. Balwa ngokuzimisela phakathi kwensimu yamahhala, okwaba uhlobo lwendawo ehlukumezayo phakathi kwabo kanye nezizwe zabantu abahlala emadolobheni.

Phakathi naleso sikhathi, kulawa mazwe (ayingxenye yendawo yesimanje ye-Ukraine) kwakukhona abantu abanesiko nomlimi wabo, okwazi ukugcina konke lokhu.

Ngenxa yezimpi ezihlala njalo, imingcele yayilokhu ishintsha njalo. Amazwe azungezile aqala ukubhekisela emazweni aphikisanayo ngokuthi "Okraina", futhi ukuxolisa "ku" kuqale ukusetshenziswa kubo. Izibonelo zokuqala zombhalo onjalo zivele zitholakala kuGalicia-Volyn naseLvov annals.

Ngesikhathi sokuzama kukaBobdan Khmelnitsky ukudala umbuso ozimele emadokhumweni asemthethweni maqondana ne-Ukraine, waqhubeka isiko lokhokho bakhe, esebenzisa umqondo othi "on".

Ngesikhathi soMbuso WaseRussia

Ngemuva kokuba uKhmelnytsky asayine isivumelwano ekuhambisweni kwezwe lakhe elingaphansi kombuso waseMoscow ngo-1654, i-Ukraine iminyaka engamakhulu eminyaka yahlala ingxenye yalesi sizwe kanye nezindlalifa zayo (uMbuso waseRussia, i-USSR). Bekungenzeka kanjani ukuthi lesi sizathu esasetshenziswa ngaleso sikhathi?

Ngemuva kokuba umbuso waseMoscow ube umbuso, igama elithi "Russia Little" laqala ukuthunyelwa ku-Cossack. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, igama elithi "Ukraine" laqhubeka lisetshenziswe ngenkulumo. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, kunesiko lokubhala "e-Ukraine", eyaphumelela ngokuvumelana nokukhetha "e-Ukraine."

Yimuphi umcabango wokusetshenziswa kweziphakamiso njenge-Pushkin?

Wonke umuntu uyazi ukuthi inqubo yesimanje yombhalo wesiRashiya isekelwe emisebenzini ka-Alexander Pushkin. Yini i-classic enkulu ecabanga ngalo mbuzo: "Indlela yokubhala kahle:" e-Ukraine "noma" e-Ukraine "?".

Ngokumangalisa, kodwa emisebenzini yakhe kaningi kukhona inketho yesibili. Ukupela isipelingi kungatholakala enkondlweni "Poltava" kanye noveli evesini elithi "Eugene Onegin".

Kungani u-Alexander Sergeevich enamathela kulo mbono? Impendulo ilula. Njengabaningi abahlonishwayo ngaleso sikhathi, uPushkin wakhuluma kangcono kakhulu ngesiFulentshi kunalolulimi lwakhe. Futhi kulokhu okushiwo "ku" ngokuphathelene nendawo akuzange kusetshenziswe. Esikhundleni salokho, sasihlale sisebenzisa indlela "c" (en). Ngakho-ke, esekhulile ukujwayele ukucabanga nokukhuluma kusukela ebuntwaneni, eRussia, eFrance, ebhala inkondlo ephathelene ne-Ukraine, u-Alexander Sergeevich, ngokufanisa, esetshenziswa e-Ukraine.

Ngendlela, ngesizathu esifanayo kulezo zinsuku, izikhulu eziningi, kumbuzo othi: "Yeka ukuthi kufaneleka kanjani ukusho:" kuya "noma" e-Ukraine "?, Kuphendulwa ukuthi ukhetho lwesibili lungile. Ngakho-ke, emisebenzini kaN. Gogol, uL. N. Tolstoy no-A. P. Chekhov, inguqulo ethi "c" iyasetshenziswa.

Yimaphi ama-pretexts enza u-TG Shevchenko no-PA Kulish?

Isimiso sesimanje sase-Ukraine sisekelwe emisebenzini kaTG Shevchenko. Wayecabanga ngani ngombuzo: "Kanjani kahle ukuthi uthi:" ku "noma" e-Ukraine "?". Impendulo yalokhu ingatholakala ezinkondlweni zakhe eziphawulekayo.

Futhi kuzo kukhona kokubili okuhlukile. Ngakho in inkondlo "Zapovit" isetshenziswe inkulumo ethi "On Vkraїnі milіs". Ngesikhathi esifanayo emsebenzini wakhe "Dumi moi, dumi moi" kubhaliwe: "Ku-Ukraine, izingane, izingane! Ku-Ukraine yethu ».

UShevchenko wavela kuphi isiko lokubhala "e-Ukraine"? Kodwa umngane wakhe wesikhathi esifushane futhi oseduze - uPellemimon Alexandrovich Kulish, owadala izinhlamvu ze-Ukraine, wabhala "e-Ukraine" encwadini yakhe yezindaba mayelana neCosaff "Chernaya Rada"? Futhi kungani uKobzar asebenzisa kokubili ama-pretexts?

Impendulo yalo mbuzo, njengasendabeni yePushkin, iyotholakala emfundweni yabombili abalobi. Ngakho, u-Kulish akafundile kuphela umlando we-Ukraine, kodwa futhi wayeyi-polyglot, ekhuluma kahle kakhulu cishe zonke izilimi zesiSlavic, kanye nesiNgisi, isiFulentshi, isiJalimane, iSpanishi, iSweden, isi-Old Jewish nesiLatini. Ulwazi olubanzi olunjalo lwamsiza ukuba akhethe isandulela "on" hhayi kuphela ekubukeni kohlelo lolimi, kodwa ngenxa yokusetshenziswa kwakhe njalo kwi-annals.

Kodwa uKobzar omkhulu wayengenakuziqhayisa ngemfundo ekhethekile. Kusukela esemncane wayazi ulimi lwesi-Ukraine, kamuva kwakudingeka amphoqe ukuba afunde isiRussia nesiPolish. Njengoba bengenalo ulwazi olujulile lwezilimi kanye nolwimi lwabo njengoKalish, uShevchenko wasebenzisa nje ukuhluka okuhambisana nokubhala imilolotelo, lapho engabonanga izinkondlo, ngaphandle kokucabanga ngokuqondile. Wayekwazi kanjani ukuthi umsebenzi wakhe wawuyosho ukuthini kuma-Ukraine emakhulwini eminyaka ezayo?

Yisiphi isisindo esasetshenziswa ku-UPR

Ngemuva kokuguqulwa kuka-1917, phakathi nenkathi yeminyaka emithathu ye-UPR (1917-1920), ezincwadini eziningi ezisemthethweni, umqondo othi "on" wasetshenziselwa igama lezwe elisha.

Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi lapho i-Ukraine ijoyina i-USSR, futhi abameleli abaningi bezinkokheli zamasiko nezombangazwe baphoqeleka ukuba bahambe, eminyangweni yabo eminingi babevame ukubhala "e-Ukraine."

Indlela yeSoviet yokuxazulula le nkinga

Ngokuqondene nesipelingi esisemthethweni se-USSR, kwakungokwesiko ukusebenzisa isilungiselelo "ku". Ngendlela, le mpikiswano esetshenziswa namhlanje yibo abachaza ukuthi kungani kunjalo "e-Ukraine", hhayi "e-Ukraine".

Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukuhluka okufana nalokhu kwakungavamile emithethweni yokusetshenziswa kweziphakamiso. Ngakho maqondana namanye amazwe ngaphandle kohlobo lwesiqhingi, kanye nama-republics aseSoviet, isandulela "in" sasetshenziswa. Isibonelo: eCanada, e-Kazakhstan.

"E-Ukraine" noma "e-Ukraine": njengoba kulungile, ngokwemigomo yesipelingi yesimanje sase-Ukraine

Ngemuva kokuba u-Ukraine athole ukuzimela ngo-1991, kwavela izinguquko eziningi, kuhlanganise nolimi. Kwaqunyiwe ukusebenzisa isilungiselelo "ku" ngokuphathelene nezwe esanda kumiswa. Futhi ukubhala kusuka ku- "kuya" kubonakala sengathi sekuphelelwe yisikhathi.

Ngo-1993, uhulumeni wase-Ukraine wancenga ngokusemthethweni ubuholi beRussia Federation ngesicelo sokusebenzisa isilungiselelo "ku" ngokuphathelene negama lombuso wabo. Njengoba kwakunokubhala kwamanye amazwe azimele.

Phakathi kwezimpikiswano kwakuwukuthi lapho i-Ukraine iyingxenye ye-USSR, ngokuqondene nayo, ngokuqondene nesifunda, kwakungamukelekile ukusebenzisa inketho ethi "ku", "njengeCaucasus". Kodwa-ke, ekubeni izwe elizimele elizimele nemingcele echazwe ngokucacile, leli lizwe bekuzokwazi ukuthola ilungelo lokubhalwa ngokufanele "nge".

Yeka kahle kanjani "e-Ukraine" noma "e-Ukraine" ngemithetho yolimi lwesiRussia

Ephendula isikhalazo sikaHulumeni wase-Ukraine, iningi lemibhalo esemthethweni yaseRussia Federation yaqala ukusebenzisa inkulumo ethi "ku".

Futhi, ngokusho kuka-O. Grunchenko, ozobhapathizwa ngesayensi ye-philological (umcwaningi ophezulu we-Russian Academy of Sciences Institute of the Russian Academy of Vinogradov Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences), imibhalo ephathelene nobuhlobo nombuso wase-Ukraine kufanele ibhalwe "ku". Ngesikhathi esifanayo, umkhuba wokubhala olimini lwesiRussia ngaphandle kwesitayela sebhizinisi esisemthethweni uqhubeka nokuhlukahluka ngokuthi "ku".

Impendulo efanayo kumbuzo othi: "Indlela yokubhala kahle:" ku "noma" e-Ukraine "? Kungatholakala kupela isipelingi esisemthethweni.

Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi i-Ukraine yiyona kuphela eyisizinda esizimele esiyingqayizivele esingesiqhingi emhlabeni, ngokuphathelene nalokho okushiwo ukuthi "ku", kunokuthi "ku" kusetshenziswe ngesiRashiya.

Ngesikhathi esifanayo, kufanele kucatshangelwe ukuthi le nketho yanamuhla ingumkhuba wesenzo. Kufanele ngisindise? Inkinga ephikisanayo, ikakhulukazi namuhla, ngenxa yokuphikisana kweRashiya ne-Ukraine, lapho ama-Ukraine eqonda ukusetshenziswa kwecala "phezu" njengenxushunxushu ekubuseni kombuso wabo.

Indlela 'yokugibela' ngendlela efanele

Ngemva kokubhekana nendlela efanele ngayo: "ku" noma "e-Ukraine" kufanelekile ukubhala, yisikhathi sokufunda ukuthi "uhamba" kanjani kuleli zwe (ngokwemigomo yelwimi).

Ngakho-ke, emkhosini waseSoviet, ukuhluka okuhambisana nokuxolisa "ku" kwakuhlale kunengqondo, ngoba leli zwe laliyingxenye ye-USSR. Labo abaqhubeka ukusebenzisa lolu khetho namhlanje bazoya "e-Ukraine."

Nokho, emibhalweni esemthethweni mayelana nobuhlobo nezwe, umuntu kufanele asebenzise isilungiselelo "c". Isibonelo: "UMongameli wase-US waya e-Ukraine ngokuvakashelwa okusemthethweni." Ngesikhathi esifanayo, lapho kuthiwa ngalesi simo njengensimu, kubalulekile ukubeka ingqikithi "ku": "Umsebenzi wezosizo we-Red Cross ufike ensimini ye-Ukraine".

Uma sicabanga ngendlela yokuhamba kahle "kuya" noma "kuya e-Ukraine", kuyafaneleka ukubuka njalo umongo. Uma ukhuluma ngezwe kuze kube ngo-Agasti 1991, lapho lizimele, ungasebenzisa ngokuphepha "ku-". Phela, kuze kube manje lesi sizwe asikho, futhi endaweni yaso kwakuyi-USSR - i-republic, lapho njengengxenye yezwe isisusa "esisekuqaleni" sisetshenzisiwe.

Woza "nge" noma "ovela e-Ukraine": indlela efanele

Ngemva kokubhekana nendlela yokubhala kahle: "e-Ukraine" noma "e-Ukraine", kufaneleka ukunakekelwa kokusetshenziswa kwamanye ama-pretexts "aphikisanayo". Ngakho-ke, lapho kuthiwe ngomuntu ovela ensimini ye-SSR yase-Ukraine, imithetho ye-Soviet yokupelisa, i-preposition "c" yayisetshenziswa ngaso sonke isikhathi.

Kodwa namuhla, lapho umbuzo wokuthi "ngokuqondile" noma "e-Ukraine" kahle kangakanani kubonakala ngezilimi, kubalulekile ukucabanga ngokusetshenziswa kweziphakamiso "nge" no "ze".

Ngakho-ke, uma sikhuluma futhi sibhala ngombuso wanamuhla wase-Ukraine, khona-ke kulungile ukusebenzisa isilungiselelo "kusuka", nakwamanye amazwe angewona uhlobo lwesiqhingi. Isibonelo: "Umama usanda kubuya e-Ukraine".

Uma sikhuluma ngezikhathi ze-SSR yase-Ukraine noma i-Little Russia, ngakho-ke kuyafaneleka ukukhuluma nokubhala "c". Isibonelo: "Umculi omkhulu waseSoviet nomlingisi uMark Bernes wayevela e-Ukraine."

Kodwa-ke, kulabo abangafuni ukuqonda zonke lezi zici zomlando, kudingeke sikhumbule ukuthi kwezinye izincazelo ezichazwayo "ku" nangokuthi "nge", futhi ngokufanele - "ku" naku "kusuka" zisetshenziswa. Kuvela ukuthi lowo ohlala "e-Ukraine" - uvela "e-Ukraine". Futhi lowo "e-Ukraine" - uya "evela e-Ukraine."

Ukufunda ukuthi kufanele kahle kanjani: "ku" noma "e-Ukraine" kudingeka abhale (ngokusho kwemithetho yesimanje yeRussia neye-Ukraine), singaphetha ngokuthi cishe iminyaka eyi-100 le nkinga isombusazwe kakhulu kunezolimi. Nakuba isiko lokubhala "e-Ukraine" liyingxenye yendaba ehlala ibalulekile ukukhumbula, isimo sezombangazwe sesimanje sidinga ukuba isandulela sishintshwe. Noma kunjalo, okufanayo kufanele kwenziwe ePoland, eCzech Republic naseSlovakia, okusetshenziselwa ukuxolisa "ku" ngokuphathelene ne-Ukraine.

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