Isikhumbuzo Lermontov eMoscow: isithombe kanye nencazelo

Juni 4, 1965, ngosuku ehlobo libalele, kuvulwa enkulu lesikhumbuzo Lermontovu Mihailu Yurevichu ezweni lakubo - eMoscow. Ngesikhathi emcimbini owawuhanjelwe izimbongi, ababhali, abacwaningi, abafundi, abafundi kanye nabasebenzi abavamile. Kusukela endaweni yesikhulumi kwakuzwakala izinkulumo congratulatory netinkondlo.

Umqondo ukwakha lesikhumbuzo ukuze Lermontov eMoscow uvele 1941. Kwakuwusuku ngonyaka ka engu-100 kwasungulwa kokufa uhulumeni imbongi sika wedolobha yokutholwa isimemezelo ku ukwakhiwa yisikhumbuzo. Kodwa ngokushesha baqala ukukhipha ngokuthi yiMpi Enkulu Yobuzwe Akunakwenzeka bona umbono ngesikhathi esisodwa.

Kuphela 60s ekuqaleni kwakukhona ithuba ukubuyela lo mbono. imincintiswano ezimbalwa ukuthi iphrojekthi best of lesikhumbuzo Kwakuseshwa. Futhi ngo-1964, i-nyaka wokugubha 150 lokuzalwa kwakhe, iphrojekthi kuqala eMoscow, lesikhumbuzo ukuze Lermontov sivunyiwe. Umsebenzi waqala ngo-yokukhiqiza yayo.

Moscow empilweni YAMI Lermontov

E-Moscow, Lermontov zaziyiminyaka hhayi ngaphezulu kuka-5 iminyaka. Kodwa nge edolobheni ekuphileni kwakhe eyayigujwa izenzakalo ezibaluleke kakhulu. Lapha ngo-Okthoba 1814, yena wazalwa. Nokho, ezinyangeni ezimbalwa kamuva, ekuqaleni kuka-1815, wayiswa Tarkhany, ukuze ifa ugogo wakhe uhlangothi lukanina, lapho wayevusiwe iminyaka engu-13.

Ngo 1827, Lermontov waphinda bazinza eMoscow, ukuyothola imfundo. Akufundayo kuqala B & B e-Moscow Imperial University, bese uya eyunivesithi uqobo.

Ekugcineni, nge eMoscow exhunywe ne ekuqaleni umsebenzi wokudala imbongi. Ngo 1830, i- "Spring" Uvele inkondlo "Athenaeum" umagazini wakhe. Kwakuwusuku emphakathini kokuqala Lermontov. yena ngokuzethemba langena izincwadi Russian yesikhathi.

Itshe lesikhumbuzo ngowokuqala imbongi

Xoxa yokudala lesikhumbuzo ukuze Lermontov waqala ngasekupheleni XIX leminyaka, cishe sekudlule iminyaka engu-40 ngemva kokufa kwakhe nezinezinhlekelele kakhulu duel. Ngo Pyatigorsk, kwakukhona iqembu isinyathelo, elaqala ukukhuthaza umqondo, khonga livu uhulumeni nokuhola wokuqongelela izimali.

Ngesikhathi esifanayo kwahlongozwa ukusungula Lermontov lesikhumbuzo eMoscow. Kodwa ngo-1880 sasidlula imikhosi ezinomsindo ngesikhathi kuvulwa lesikhumbuzo ukuze Pushkin khona (umsebenzi Opekushin AM), ngakho entsha wokuvelela iphrojekthi eMoscow umaziphathe wendawo waphoqeleka ukulahla.

Ukudalwa lesikhumbuzo kwandulelwe ukugunyazwa okwenziwe eminyakeni eminingi yomsebenzi wokulungiselela. Ngo-1889 kwafika kuqala Pyatigorsk Lermontov lesikhumbuzo.

Okunye izikhumbuzo Lermontov

Ukulandela lesikhumbuzo elalizokwakhiwa e Pyatigorsk, Lermontov nezikhumbuzo kwaqala ukuvela ezinye amadolobha aseRussia. Ngo 1892 - e Penza (umqophi Gunzburg IJ), ngo-1896 - Petersburg (Kreytan VP), ngo-1900 - ku Serednikovo suburban (Golubkina NJENGOBA). Kabili Uzame ukumisa isikhumbuzo esizeni Duel Lermontov sika e Pyatigorsk. Le phrojekthi yokuqala waqalwa ngo 1901 (by Baikov AA), kodwa sekuphele iminyaka engu-6, ebaziwe wawa laphinde labhidlika ngoba Wenziwe Gypsum. Itshe lesikhumbuzo entsha endaweni efanayo eyayibekwe ngo-1915 (kumbhali Mikeshin BM).

Izikhumbuzo YAMI Lermontov ukufakwa Tambov, Gelendzhik, ugodle Museum Tarkhany (Penza Region), Grozny. Kwenzeka isimanga ukuthi babevelaphi imbongi e Moscow, inkumbulo yakhe waba ukhunjulwa cishe zokugcina. Kodwa lesikhumbuzo laseMoscow ivelele ubuciko, kanye nekhambi yayo ngekwendzawo. Wayekhona ngezindlela eziningi ezintsha, kodwa okwengeziwe ukuthi ngesikhathi esifanele.

Ukukhetha indawo Lermontov lesikhumbuzo e Moscow

Umbuzo indawo lesikhumbuzo izofakwa iye ixazululwe ngokushesha. amalungu Commission ngazwi linye abakhethiwe insimu Red Gate Square, okuyinto kusukela 1941 ebizwa ngegama imbongi sika. Budebuduze isikwele kwakukhona indlu lapho wazalwa MU Lermontov.

Isikhumbuzo Lermontov eMoscow: esigabeni wokulungiselela

Abalazi lesikhumbuzo kwandulelwe ukugunyazwa okwenziwe eminyakeni eminingi yomsebenzi. Design mncintiswano aphethwe kusukela 1958. A amajaji amalungu we-Union of Abaculi uye wahlola eziningi ongakhetha isikhathi eside ngaphandle kokuthola eyayiyoholela asuthe ngokugcwele. A ezihlukahlukene, sakhiwo sendzaba kanye ifomu banikezwe izikhumbuzo Lermontov, izithombe ungayitholi, elokhu incazelo ngamazwi.

Ezinye Okugweda wancika isixazululo ashukumisayo eziqanjiwe, ukhetha engavamile Ukwakheka, isikhundla, isimo. Bona Lermontov wabekwa phezu kwedwala, ehhashini, ehlezi phansi, phezu onqenqemeni lwentaba. amaphrojekthi Zazinjalo ngesithakazelo yabo, kodwa awahlangabezananga indawo elikhonjwe ngoba lesikhumbuzo esizayo.

Nabanye abalobi igcile ukudluliselwa isimo sangaphakathi imbongi, esebenzisa ukuthinta bayaxoxa, amakhanda turning, njll Kodwa isisho ngokweqile ngokubona amajaji, alufananga isithombe Lermontov.

Isithakazelo sabantu amajaji Okunye esasikwenza imisebenzi esikunika lesinqumo kwezendawo lesikhumbuzo, bacubungula indlela yena angena ezungezile.

Iqembu abalobi ngaphansi kokuqondisa ID Brodsky kuzo zonke izigaba mncintiswano futhi ziphakathi kwezincwadi contender for ukunqoba. Kuyinto project yabo ngo-1964 futhi sivunyiwe.

Iqembu of abalobi

Isaka Davidovich Brodsky kwaba ilungu elivuthiwe iningi ithimba ngokuwina zokudala. Walwa phezu izimpi ka ngokuthi yiMpi Enkulu Yobuzwe futhi ngemva kokuthweswa iziqu zakhe libhaliswe Institute of Applied futhi okuhlobisa Ubuciko, lapho afunda khona lo umqophi abadumile MG Manizer. Ngaphambi kokuqala umsebenzi lesikhumbuzo ukuze Lermontov, Brodsky kakade zazinolwazi kokwakhiwa izikhumbuzo. Eminyakeni 1954-1955 yena kukhunjulwe AM Gorky Tesselli futhi Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk, wenza izikhumbuzo abaholi wamavukelambuso.

Sithathe iqhaza 2 wezakhiwo abasha - Nikolay Nikolaevich Milovidov futhi Grigoriy Efimovich Saevich. Bazi ukuthi banesibophezelo sokulungiswa kwendawo lesikhumbuzo, elicwengisiswe lingakanani, isikhundla kule ndawo, abangu ihlaziye njengoba ebaziwe kuyoba kuvumelane izakhiwo ezizungezile.

usizo Sibalulekile ithimba lokudala kwadingeka umcwaningi IL Anidroniku, ngaphandle Amacebo kanye namathiphu Lermontov lesikhumbuzo e Moscow bebengeke bathole umbono onjalo nokunemba ngokwengqondo.

Kukhethwa impahla

Figure imbongi kwanqunywa ukuba wazenza ngethusi. Lona omunye ngezinto zesintu kakhulu. Ngenxa impahla yayo plastic, kukuvumela ukudala izingoma eziyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu, dlulisa nasemininingwaneni emincane kakhulu. Izikhumbuzo Lermontov eRussia esikhathini esiningi kwenziwa kusukela kule ingxubevange.

Made zethusi Izinsimbi zokuhlobisa akha lesikhumbuzo nge Ensemble olulodwa. I izingxenye ezisele zalesi Ensemble (isinyathelo ebhentshini isikhala, wathi eheleni ukwesekwa pylon) zakhiwe ophucuziwe grey egwadle. Lokhu inhlanganisela ukuthungwa ehlukene kanye izakhiwo izinto bavunyelwe ukubeka nangezindlela semantic futhi sifinyelele imiva esiphezulu.

Incazelo lesikhumbuzo

Izikhumbuzo Lermontov eRussia zihlukile ngokuya amasu kanye umthelela isibukeli. Moscow Memorial emfushane kodwa uyazikhulumela. Figure imbongi has wabuka eqinile nakho ngeke kusize kwakhiwa izindiza ezinkulu bushelelezi, imingcele zazo bukhomba ku-engele ebukhali. Lokhu kukunika amandla nekucatulula sibalo. Kubonakala ukuthi amahloni sobala efihla amandla omkhulu yangaphakathi.

ebaziwe ephapheme futhi ashukumisayo wenza nokuchazwa izingubo. I sibalo ebiyelwe a esiqinile elingenamikhono lempi. Kodwa ipheshulwa likhona izibuya zayo kanye wahosha collar, okwembula esifubeni imbongi oluqonde izakhi. Ukuqina, imisipha ngokomfanekiso obonakaliswe ukumisa yezandla iboshwe emuva akhe dlulile. Nokho, inhloko imbongi ukunyakaza volitional ithuthukiswe maqondana kuwuphawu lokuthi akafuni ukulalela.

Sifake umfutho omkhulu kakhulu wachitha uzama ukufeza umfuzile. It is eziye zabasiza amathiphu IL Anidroniku. Ukuze nsuku kwaba self-portrait of Lermontov Sidalwe 1837.

imininingwane kwezobuciko

Into yokuqala kufanele sinake nakakhuluma ngetheksthi izici lesikhumbuzo ungaphakathi ukuma isinyathelo. Ngo lonke yokwakheka isinyathelo yesikhumbuzo - kuba ingxenye nesizotha kakhulu futhi singathathi hlangothi. insika Granite, kancane ethuthukile phakathi, futhi kanyekanye evusa sibalo imbongi phezu ezizungezile futhi exhumanisa yona, ngoba ukwaziswa okufanayo esigcawini kwakhiwa. Insika, elingenalo yimuphi umhlobiso, aliphazamiseki kusukela ingxenye eyinhloko yisikhumbuzo.

Ingxenye ebalulekile yokuphikelela ukwakheka kuyinto ebhentshini ububanzi, lithatha indawo kanye uhlangothi isayithi. Phakathi nekhulu leminyaka eledlule, kwaba i solution innovative ezizungezile isikhala. Okwamanje, le ndlela kuyinto ejwayelekile, okubonisa izici zayo ezinkulu kanye nezinzuzo.

Esinye isici esibalulekile iyona Ensemble nehele abacaphuni embodying Lermontov Silhouettes bezinhlamvu ezingu - Demon futhi Mtsiri. Phakathi kwabo ngesikhathi okusezingeni eliphezulu ukukhulisa wave ukuboniswa useyili olulodwa. Ngehele wenza hhayi kuphela indima zokuhlobisa, kodwa futhi ehlukanisa leyo ndawo lonke epaki lesikhumbuzo.

Emadolobheni amaningi Russian, izikhumbuzo Lermontov ifakiwe, isithombe akwenzeki ngaso sonke isikhathi ukuze uthumele ukuba inkulumo ethi, ebuhlotsheni obuhle ezungezile. Iyodwa into esiqiniseka ngayo, wamisa intshe lesikhumbuzo e Moscow, phakathi ezintathu phezulu.