Isikhumbuzo Afanasiyu Nikitinu e Tver nakwamanye amadolobha

Omunye izimpawu kwedolobha Tver - isikhumbuzo of Afanasy Nikitin, a wendawo umthengisi, umhambi futhi umbhali. Ngenxa ukusebenza yayo yasekuqaleni, ebaziwe edonsela bendawo nezivakashi, umcabango bamangale futhi ngimangele njalo. Uyini umlando waleli lesikhumbuzo omkhulu ngokubabazekayo?

Izimpumelelo Afanasiya Nikitina

Eminyakeni 1468-1475 Tver yomthengisi waya olwandle diving ngokwezinjongo zokuhweba. Kulolu hambo wathola India, echaza isimo sezombangazwe zomnotho kuleli zwe. Emaphuzwini akhe Athanasius Nikitin enikelwe ukunakwa ngokuthi isiko yalesi isimo, kanye nokuphila kwansuku zonke izakhamuzi zakhona. Nokho, emhlabeni wonke owaziwa kakhulu omunye usuku kuvulwa India, lenzé isihambi European UVasco da Gama ngo 1498-1502 GG., T. E. Kwasekusithi engamashumi amathathu kamuva.

Emaphuzwini akhe Athanasius eqoshiwe amaqiniso njengoba eminingi ethakazelisayo Ethiopia, Turkey nasePheresiya. Okufakiwe ukuhamba yomthengisi esekhona namuhla ngesimo volume of ukuqoqwa "Journey Beyond amathathu iziLwandle" futhi uyakuqaphela ukubaluleka isikhumbuzo ezincwadi.

History of the lesikhumbuzo

Isikhumbuzo Afanasiyu Nikitinu e Tver yasungulwa futhi owavulwa ngo-1955. Somthengisi ebaziwe imele esisekelweni. Omunye isandla ophethe incwadi Nikitin. Indawo ezungezile is eliqoshiwe ngaphansi esemkhunjini, futhi phambi sibalo zika-Athanasius ngeqholo ophumile angaphambili, ziqoshwe imifanekiso ehhashini. "Umkhumbi" ikhona yashayisa unqenqema we iVolga, ncamashi okuphambene dawo ndawonaphi yomthengisi ngempela waqhamuka uhambo lwakhe olukhulu. Afanasy Nikitin lesikhumbuzo kwadalwa umqophi AP Zavalova futhi SM Orlov , iqhaza umakhi GA Zakharov.

amasayithi Okufanayo kweminye imizi

Kuze kube manje, Tver Athanasius Nikitin - hhayi kuphela emhlabeni. Ukuqopha behlonipha lokhu Itilosi omkhulu nomhloli wamazwe efakwe kweminye imizi kanye namazwe. Debate mayelana indawo yokufaka ngisho eyenzekile, lapho sidale lesikhumbuzo lokuqala Afanasiyu Nikitinu. Tver - umuzana okuhlala kuwo indoda enkulu. Nokho, iminikelo wakhe wesayensi nezemitlolo efundwako omkhulu kangangokuthi ngemva kwesikhashana kwanqunywa ukuba ukuvula amatshe ezikhumbuzo ambalwa ngaphezulu - eCrimea naseNdiya. Ngo-2002, umhloli wamazwe ebaziwe wamiswa ngo Revdande, eduze kwendawo lapho okuthiwa umthengisi beqala ukufika inhlabathi Indian. Ngemva cishe izinyanga eziyisithupha, elinye lesikhumbuzo Afanasiyu Nikitinu uvele Bidar. Ngo-2008, i-esifanekisweni ezifanayo Wavela in Feodosia (Ephakathi - Kafa). Itshe lesikhumbuzo wamiswa eduze sesonto lobu-Orthodox, owaya Nikitin, kuyilapho kulezi zingxenye.