Isakhiwo se-jellyfish saba. Isakhiwo Scyphozoa

Phakathi ezingenamgogodla zasemanzini - abakhileyo ezilwandle, iqembu eziphilayo okuthiwa scyphoids. Sinenkosi amafomu zizalwa abantu ababili - polypoid futhi medusoid libhekene anatomy kwabo nasendleleni yabo yokuphila. Lesi sihloko sizohlaziya nesakhiwo jellyfish, kanye izici zokuphila kwakhe.

izici Jikelele Class scyphoids

La magciwane bangabezwe coelenterates uhlobo futhi kuphela zezinto eziphila emanzini. Scyphomedusae, izithombe ezingafaneleki kukhonjisiwe ngezansi abe insimbi noma ukuma isambulela yomzimba, wona uqobo - obala futhi gelatinous, siqukethe mesogloea. Zonke izilwane alesi sigaba oda yesibili ngabathengi futhi sidla zooplankton.

Ukuze eziphilayo libhekene osabalalayo (osabalalayo) wesimethri we umzimba: izingxenye anatomically ezifanayo, kanye ezicutshini futhi izitho ngokufanele radially kusukela longitudinal isikhungo axis. Kuyinto esivela isilwane, zibukele elintantayo kukholamu amanzi, kanye nalabo izinhlobo sedentary (anemones) noma kancane ingene kanye substrate (starfish, ulwandle urchin).

Sakhiwo sangaphandle. ukukhahlamezeka kwendawo

Njengoba scyphoids abameleli babe Lifeforms ezimbili - jellyfish futhi polyp, ukubheka umumo womzimba wabo, okuyinto has umehluko othize. Ekuqaleni sihlola Sakhiwo sangaphandle-jellyfish. Ukuvula base isilwane insimbi phansi, sithola umlomo izungezwe ihambe. It wenza imisebenzi emibili: izingxenye iyavuleka ukudla futhi kususa izinsalela undigested it out. eziphilayo maKristu abizwa protostomes. umzimba ungqimba wesilwane double siqukethe yi-ectoderm futhi endoderm. Amafomu yokugcina esiswini (the esiswini) ingaphakathi. Yingakho igama: uhlobo coelenterates.

Igebe phakathi zamatshe umzimba ugcwele mass jelly-like esobala - mesoglea. amaseli Ectodermal usebenze ukusekelwa, motor futhi umsebenzi zokuzivikela. Isilwane has a isikhwama isikhumba-kwemisipha, ukuhlinzeka ukuhamba kwayo emanzini. Isakhiwo yokwakheka jellyfish kunalokho eziyinkimbinkimbi, njengoba ecto- futhi endoderm umahluko phakathi ehlukahlukene zamangqamuzana. Ngaphandle esehlanganise futhi imisipha olwelwesini is amaseli ngaphezulu Lesisemkhatsini, okuzivuselela yokusebenza sici (zazo ungalulama ingxenye ezilimele zomzimba isilwane).

Ngokuthakazelisayo isakhiwo neurocytes e scyphoids. Ziyakwazi inkanyezi-okwenyanga kanye nomgudu walo entwine le yi-ectoderm futhi endoderm, ukwakha amaqoqo - yesifunda. Isimiso sezinzwa yalolu hlobo libizwa ehlasela umzimba.

Endoderm kanye nokwenza imisebenzi yayo

I kwangaphakathi ungqimba amafomu ngesikhathi scyphoids uhlelo gastrovascular kusukela emathunjini inesikhala imisebe suka iziteshi wokugaya ukudla ujenga by yezindlala (secreting ijusi wokugaya ukudla) namaseli phagocytic. Letakhi zegazi eziyinhloko sokudiliza izinhlayiyana zokudla. Ukugayeka zihilelekile isikhumba futhi isakhiwo kwemisipha isikhwama. Bakha pseudopods ulwelwesi, kanye izinhlayiya okuthakazelisayo retractors organic. amaseli Phagocytic futhi pseudopods ukugaya Kwenziwa izinhlobo ezimbili: intracellular (njenge protists) kanye cavitary esingokwemvelo ehleleke kakhulu izilwane ezinamangqamuzana amaningi.

amaseli esintinyelayo

Siyaqhubeka ukufunda isakhiwo Scyphozoa futhi ucabangele indlela lapho izilwane avikelekile, kanye kuhlaselwa ezingaba yisisulu. Ngo scyphoids kukhona elinye igama ehlelekile: Cnidarians ekilasini. It kuvela ukuthi ungqimba ectodermal, basuke wahlela amaseli akhethekile - sembabazane, noma esintinyelayo, namanje ngokuthi knidotsitami. Basuke etholakala naseduzane komlomo futhi ihambe isilwane. Ngaphansi isenzo mechanical ezishukumisa ngentambo elise amaseli capsule sembabazane ukhiphe ngokushesha futhi lihlaba umzimba isisulu sika. ubuthi Scyphoids, engena knidotsel ziyabulala ukuba plankton ezingenamgogodla nenhlanzi izibungu. Kubantu babangela izimpawu of urticaria futhi isikhumba komzimba okukhulu.

izinzwa

Kanye imiphetho insimbi jellyfish, isithombe ngezansi, ungabona tentacles mfushane, ngokuthi amaseli umngcele - rhopalium. isitho ezimbili sezinzwa okutholakala kubo: emehlweni (amehlo ukuthi basabela ukukhanya) kanye yakhoibrium (statocysts, benesimo limestone amatshe). Ngosizo lwabo scyphoids ufunde mayelana esondela isiphepho: amaza omsindo in the ezahlukene 8 kuya ku-13 Hz obulimaza statocysts futhi usheshe iya ekujuleni kolwandle.

uhlelo ezalayo nokukhiqizwa

Eqhubeka ukufunda nesakhiwo jellyfish (isithombe kukhonjisiwe ngezansi), sizogxila zokuzala uhlelo scyphoids. It emelelwa gonads, we emaphaketheni kwakheka umgodi esiswini kokuba imvelaphi ectodermal. Njengoba lezi zilwane dioecious, iqanda nesidoda baphume ngomlomo kanye kokukhulelwa kwenzeka emanzini. Zygote iqala ichoboza futhi obumba igciwane olulodwa-ungqimba - blastula, futhi kuwo - isibungu esibizwa planuly.

Sintanta ngokukhululekile, is ke enamathiselwe substrate futhi iba polyp (stsifistomu). Kungaba uyakuhluma, kodwa iyakwazi nokuba mbaxa strobilation. Owenza abangu-abasha jellyfish ngokuthi esters. Banamathele kushaft emaphakathi. Isakhiwo se-jellyfish saba, bathinteka kusukela strobe, is lo it has a osabalalayo uhlelo isiteshi, umlomo, ihambe, rhopalium kanye ekuqaleni le nezindlala ngokobulili.

Ngakho, isakhiwo iyahluka kwenye jellyfish asexual stsifistomy abantu okuyinto has simise oyindilinga kanye nobukhulu 1-3 mm unamathele ebusweni nge Isiqu. Umlomo ezungezwe umqhele ihambe, futhi ingaphakathi esiswini ihlukaniswe 4 emaphaketheni.

Indlela ukuhambisa scyphoids

Medusa uyakwazi jet ngamandla. Yena evele odlulela ingxenye amanzi iqhubekela phambili. Isambulela sesilwane ngesikhathi esifanayo sehliselwe izikhathi 100-140 ngomzuzu. Ukutadisha isakhiwo Scyphozoa, isibonelo, noma Rhizostoma Aurelia, saphawula ezifana izakhiwo yokwakheka like sac isikhumba-kwemisipha. Itholakala ku yi-ectoderm, amaseli efanelekayo yalo efferent onqenqemeni kwemizwa fibre izindandatho ISIZINDA. Excitation idluliselwa izakhiwo isikhumba-kwemisipha, ukuze isambulela onomfutho ke ubudlova, baphokophelele isilwane phambili.

Izici ngemvelo scyphoids

Lezi abameleli besigaba ka coelenterates ezivamile ezilwandle ezifudumele, futhi emanzini abandayo Arctic. Aurelia - Scyphozoa, umzimba isakhiwo esasiyifunda, uhlala Black, Azov. Kukhona okwandile omunye omele alesi sigaba - Rhizostoma (rizostoma). Wakhe isambulela Milky-white ne imiphetho onsomi noma okwesibhakabhaka kanye protuberances iyizingxenye temlomo zifane izimpande. Izivakashi e izivakashi eCrimea kahle lolu hlobo bese uzama ukuba elihlanza ngokuligeza abameleli bakhe phandle njengoba kabuhlungu isilwane amaseli kungabangela "ukusha" kabi umzimba. Ropilema, kanye Aurelia, uhlala e-Sea of Japan. Faka umbala rhopalium wakhe pink noma ophuzi, futhi eziningi neziqu umunwe-like. Mesoglea isambulela kokubili zinhlobo esetshenziswa ekhishini yaseChina Japan ngokuthi "crystal inyama."

Tsianeya - owakhileyo emanzini abandayo Arctic, kuyinto jellyfish saba esikhulu kunazo zonke. Ubude tentacles yayo ifinyelela 30-35 m, kanye isambulela ubukhulu - 2-3.5 m Lion sika Mane noma tsianeya Hairy has zenyathi ezimbili :. Japanese futhi okwesibhakabhaka. Isihlungu amaseli esintinyelayo sise emaphethelweni isambulela futhi phezu ihambe, kuyingozi kakhulu abantu.

Siye safunda nokwakheka Scyphozoa, wayesebhapathizwa bajwayelane izici zokuphila kwabo.