Fraunhofer umumo womsebenzi. ukuhlaziywa Spectral ka kagesi amaza okukhanya

Umumo womsebenzi - ezithile izenzakalo zenzeka lapho ushayela kusetshenziswa amaza okukhanya nge semfene liphinyiselwe (izimbobo ezincane, izikrini opaque, njll). Basuke elixhumene ukuphambuka kusuka nemigomo yeNhlangano yokukhanya yejeyomethri. Ingqikithi lo mqondo itholakala ikhono kagesi goba emisebeni emhlabeni noma iziphi izithiyo. Fraunhofer umumo womsebenzi yokukhanya has kakhulu enkulu SIZUZISA ngaphandle umumo womsebenzi imihlola Frenkel.

Ngenxa yalesi lesakhiwo, kagesi wave ugongolo, eguqa emhlabeni izithiyo ukuze uthole okuthiwa isithunzi Jomethri nalabo zingene imbobo encane-ubukhulu. Edlula kubo, amagagasi ukuzobhidliza tincenye, okuyinto kuvula amathuba yokufunda kanye nokuhlaziywa Spectral ka ubunjalo izifundo ukukhanya. Ngakho-Fraunhofer umumo womsebenzi kuhilela izimbobo usayizi ofanayo nombono.

Lesi simo esiyingqayizivele sibangelwa kungabuye wachaza usebenzisa Huygens 'isimiso - Frenkel. Isetshenziselwa ukuxazulula izinkinga ezihlobene abacwaningi emkhakheni ukusatshalaliswa umfutho ukukhanya nokusatshalaliswa ezindaweni ezahlukene nezithiyo. Ukutholakala lomkhuba umumo womsebenzi ngaleso sikhathi kwakuwukuthola ubufakazi ayisihluthulelo ubunjalo wave yokukhanya. Imfundiso yokuqala ambalwa zalesi simo kungokwalabo physics French Frenkel. Nokho, postulates kwakhona namanje kakhulu theory.

A-Fraunhofer umumo womsebenzi futhi ukusebenza nokusebenzisa, lapho umthombo wokukhanya ibekwa lens focus. It ayidingekile uma umthombo kuyinto laser njengoba lukhipha ugodo parallel yokukhishwa kwemisebe. Fraunhofer umumo womsebenzi kwenzeka kunoma iyiphi isithiyo setha endleleni imisebe yokukhanya edabula lens. Painting lomkhuba optical siyenzeka indiza ebalulekile ezinye lens ibekwe phezu isithiyo.

Kodwa elula ukubala futhi kubaluleke kakhulu esisebenzayo yokukhanya icala iyona Fraunhofer umumo womsebenzi ngesikhathi umqhewu eyodwa eside unxande cross-section. Kulokhu, lesi sigameko imbobo indiza monochromatic wave. ensimini Khanyisa ngaphesheya umqhewu yakhiwa ngokuvumelana Huygens 'isimiso njengoba umphumela yesibili anokuhambisana wave erediyo. Zonke amagagasi yalolu hlobo zivela ezingxenyeni ezahlukene phambi wave. Isici esiyinhloko iphethini umumo womsebenzi ukuthi amagagasi yesibili sasikhipha strip wavefront, alo emva bedlula ukuthi siyini isithiyo, akha cylindrical wave oyedwa olungelo lakhe-eksisi ukhonza njengomdala kuleli qembu lethu.

Iphethini umumo womsebenzi kulokhu kuyinto alternation izindawo ukukhanya nobumnyama libhekene khona ibala elikhanyayo esikhungweni, lapho yejeyomethri isithunzi zone. Libhekene iqiniso lokuthi isithombe uzobe anombala ukukhanya okumhlophe. Central band liyobe elikhanyayo, futsi labanye bayohlushwa alternate ngombala kusuka onsomi ibe bomvu. Fraunhofer umumo womsebenzi esikhaleni kudala isithombe esilufifi we umthombo wokukhanya, okuyinto lihlukaniswe by imivimbo amnyama. Iphethini umumo womsebenzi ku izimbobo ezincane unika uhlelo imibuthano eyindilinga nge ebuhlungu maphakathi Poisson. Khanyisa streaks ezenzeka esikrinini libizwa iziqongo umumo womsebenzi, futhi ebumnyameni - okungenani.

Lo mkhuba umumo womsebenzi isetshenziselwa ukukala ngokunembile yamaza yokukhanya. Futhi, it is kunakwe ekuklanyweni ezihlukahlukene kumadivayisi we-optical, kusukela lesi simanga ziwumthwalo ethile yabo isixazululo.