Dyslexia - dyslexia kuyinto ... e esikoleni samabanga aphansi abantwana. Dyslexia - ukwelashwa

Ezweni kukhona izifo eziningi ezahlukene angakhula e kokubili abadala kanye nezingane. Ngiyazi zonke akunakwenzeka. Yingakho kule athikili ngifuna ukukhuluma ngenkinga efana dyslexia. Kunjalo nje, it bungabonakala kanjani futhi yiziphi izindlela zokwelashwa - ngalokhu futhi ufuna ukukhuluma.

Umqondo

Kukhona ezinye izingane eKufundza neKubhala banikwa lula. izingane ezinjalo zivame kubhekwe ukuvilapha, kodwa akunjalo elula. Kwazi bani, mhlawumbe ingane ine-dyslexia? Lesi simo esithile esithinta izinzwa, yokufunda okungase kuthinte bezibona Umfundi ka nezinhlamvu, amadijithi nezimpawu. Kulesi pipsqueak kabi aqonde futhi uyaqonda ukufunda, ukubhala, izibalo, yena unalo ukusebenza academic kuhle abampofu. Nokho, ngesikhathi esifanayo ososayensi ucwaningo baphikisa ngokuthi IQ ngalezi zingane kaningi ngaphezu kwesilinganiso. Ungazama futhi ukuchaza nje lesi sifo. Kulokhu, i-dyslexia - kuyinto ukwahluleka kobuchopho bengane, okuyinto uvala ke ukufinyelela ezinye analyzer (isibonelo, amagama noma izinombolo). Kungani lokhu kwakwenzeka - zama ukuthola okwengeziwe.

Umlando omncane

bezijabulisa kakhulu kuyoba iqiniso lokuthi lokhu gama lokuqala asetshenziswa emuva ngo-1887 usosayensi-ophthalmologist R. Berlin. Udokotela kulo kuqala enenkolelo yokuthi inkinga lapho zihlolwa umfana icubungulisise athuthukile. Wabhekana nobunzima esiningi lizinga lekufundza nekubhala, kodwa kuzo zonke ezinye izindawo ubuchwepheshe umfana nje wabonisa imiphumela ephawulekayo. Leli gama, ngokuvumelana Berlin, kwaba ukuqoka nenkinga uma ukufunda nengane jikelele linezinkinga nge eKufundza neKubhala. Ngokwezibalo zamanje, lesi sifo aziwayo ukuthi lokuqala isandla mayelana 5-10% wabo bonke abakhileyo iplanethi, futhi uvame kunqunywa kweminyaka eyi 6-7. Ngenxa kwesimo sayo esithinta izinzwa, ukuqeda lesi sifo ngisho simple, kudinge umzamo esiphezulu ku ingxenye ingane, ukubekezela ku ingxenye abazali, yebo, isikhathi esiningi.

Izinkinga eyinhloko dyslexics

Eqaphela ukuthi dyslexia - kuyinto ukungakwazi ukuqonda izinhlamvu noma izinombolo kufanele ukukhuluma kancane ngalokho, yini ezinye izinkinga ezingase zibhekane nabo izingane ngubani banaso lesi sifo.

1. Lezi zingane azizona ethile ukuze ubone izinhlamvu noma izinombolo nasemuva, ngokuzenzakalelayo ukubabuyisela bebodwa futhi ngeke bakwazi ukufunda.
2. Ngezinye izikhathi izingane nalesi sifo kungaba umbhalo ukuze "gxuma" ekhasini, hhayi ukuvela i ngisho inombolo.
3. Futhi, kungase kube nezinkinga ezifanayo ne umehluko izinhlamvu nezinombolo (isb, "r" futhi "s", 10 futhi 01).
4. Uma ingane iyakwazi ukuhlukanisa phakathi izincwadi bese kwenzeka ukuthi akakwazi ukusho kubo ku umoya ofanayo. E. Ngamafuphi.
5. Inkinga ezivamile - ingane ingavumi khumbula amazwi ayekufunda. Njalo anakho ukuze ufunde kabusha.
6. Ngokuvamile, lezi zingane ungayiboni amazwi, ngoba izincwadi zabo nje elixutshwe.
7. Futhi, izingane le nkinga ingase ukushintsha izincwadi ngamagama (funda "zonke" esikhundleni "isisindo").
8. Libuye into engavamile lapho ingane uyaqonda futhi uyazi zonke izincwadi, kodwa lapho uzama ukufunda amazwi ukuthi unesikhathi esinzima ikhanda elibuhlungu, isicanucanu, isiyezi.

Kuwufanele esho konke lokhu, ososayensi bathi izinkinga nge okuqonda sibonwa ngalezi zingane cishe akwenzeki (futhi uma kwenzeka, kuyinto engavamile kakhulu). Ngaphezu kwalokho, lolu hlu - akusiwona wonke izinkinga ezingase uhlangabezana dyslexic. Izingane bobudala obungefani babe ayinkimbinkimbi ezahlukene kanye nezinkinga futhi uguqule, ushintsho njengoba evuthwa kid.

ngezigaba

Ukwahlukanisa dyslexia - yilokho futhi kufanele okukhulunywe ngabo kulesi sihloko. Ngakho, lesi sifo kungenziwa ihlukaniswa ngokweminyaka izibonisi eziningana.

1. Izingane ne-dyslexia disfoneticheskoy ayikwazi nokuphimisela amazwi ukufunda. Kuyinto ngabo njengoba uhlobo imfihlo ikhodi ngaso sonke isikhathi uma kudingeka wokufunda.
2. Izingane ne-dyslexia diseydeticheskoy (okuyinto Ngokushumayela kungabizwa ngokuthi dyslexic Gestalt eyimpumputhe) kwakubucayi ngekhanda amazwi, kodwa azikwazi ukubona umehluko phakathi izinhlamvu ezifanayo. Fundza lamagama ekhasini, abakwazi ukufunda kusenesikhathi esilandelayo.
3. Uhlobo lwesithathu sifo iyona owaba umqansa kunayo yonke, futhi ngaleyo ndlela asize Kiddies nzima impela: kuba inhlanganisela nabantwana bami ababili bokuqala-dyslexia.

On the izinhlobo

Qiniseka ukuthi ubona Kunezinhlobo eziningi i-dyslexia, ezingasetshenziswa ukuthuthukisa abafundi.

1. Imisindvo dyslexia. Lokhu nokungathuthuki imisebenzi uhlelo kwemisindvo.
2. Agrammaticheskaya. Njengoba ezothatha isikhundla noma ukuhlanekezela morpheme amazwi.
3. dyslexia semantic. Lokhu kungukuphula ekufundzela kuvisisa ngalokulingene uma afundza pronunciation ngobuchwepheshe esiphelele amazwi.
4. Optical. Dyslexia, okuyinto lihlotshaniswa nokungathuthuki umsebenzi ezibukwayo.
5. Ngekhanda. Lolu hlobo lwe-dyslexia ububonisa nobunzima kahle izinhlamvu ukuqonda ubudlelwano phakathi kwabo.

Izimbangela zesifo

Kubalulekile futhi ukuba ucabangele ukuthi kungani kukhona dyslexia e esikoleni samabanga aphansi abantwana. Ngakho, isizathu kungaba lesion yenziwe yaba yasendaweni zobuchopho ezindaweni ezithile. Lokhu kungenzeka ngenxa ukuhlukumezeka (ngisho elula pin ikhanda) nokungathuthuki noma ingxenye oyifunayo zobuchopho. Esinye isizathu esibalulekile ngokulinganayo, ngokusho kodokotela, okungabangela isifo ezinganeni, - izinkinga zempilo esikhathini umama nengane at the stage of sokukhulelwa noma azalwe ngokwabo. Okubalulekile kungaba yokuthi ezilandelayo: ngokuvumelana umbono wezokwelapha, cishe ingxenye yabantu amacala lesi sifo idluliselwa izingane libe yifa lenu kubazali (isifo ihlasela abesilisa nabesifazane, kodwa, ngokuvumelana izibalo, kubafana kwenzeka kathathu kaningi ngaphezu amantombazane). Kodwa, laba bantwana ayikwazi kubhekwe ebhasha ngokwengqondo noma ngingelutho nje abakwazi nakancane ulwazi eyatholakala kusukela ngaphandle. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, azikho izinkinga lonke zobuchopho, kodwa kuphela endaweni etholakalayo.

ukuhlola

Ungabona kanjani ukuthi ngabe kukhona ingane lesi sifo? Ngakho, zezingane inkulumo abelaphi ukuncoma avivinye ekhethekile, ozokusiza ukuxazulula inkinga, ukuthola ingane dyslexia ogulayo ngempela noma nje emuva ekuthuthukisweni kanye izifundo cwaningo. Kungenzeka futhi angakwazi ukuhlonza esebenzisa ukuhlolwa kwezakhi zofuzo, lapho ucwaningo DCDC2 isakhi sofuzo esiyimbangela yalesi sifo.

mayelana ukwelashwa

Yini okumele uyenze uma ingane yakho ine-dyslexia? Ukwelashwa ngemithi ngesikhathi esifanayo - ayiveli isimo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, le ndlela ka ukususa inkinga umuntu singenakwenzeka uzokutshela, le mithi abanawo. Kulokhu, udinga umsebenzi abanekhono kwezimilo. Lokhu kungasiza nothisha, inkulumo abelaphi izingane kanye, yebo, ochwepheshe abaqeqeshiwe. Ngakho, ukusebenza izingane ungentiwa kokubili ekilasini (thishela kumele unake okukhethekile lo mntwana, okuyinto Nokho, kunzima kakhulu), noma isidingo ukuthumela ingane ukuba baqale ukuxoxisana nothisha akhethekile uzokwazi ukulungisa lenkinga.

Izinhlelo eziyisipesheli ingafaka izindlela ezihlukahlukene umsebenzi. Kungenzeka ngisho umzimba for amehlo ukuthi bayakwazi ukuba sibhekane nesimo nalesi sifo. Nokho, iningi zonke uma dyslexia kubhekwa ngamunye, isimiso esikhethekile kukhethwe futhi kwakhiwa ngomntwana azosiza ukubhekana kangcono nale nkinga kuphela kuye. Uma kungenjalo ngokushesha zinyamalale izimpawu zesifo kanye akusho abaphambuki dyslexia, impatho kusafanele baqhubeka. Akufanele bayeke, futhi umphumela uboshelwe ukwenza ngokwayo wazizwa.