Inkosi iJordani futhi umndeni wakhe

Inkosi yakwa-Jordan Hashemite bazibiza, ie inzalo ka Hashim - .. Omkhulu-Umkhulu of the Prophet Muhammad. Ukuze lokhu uhlobo lwe konke okuthiwa Abbasid nabanye abaholi ababebusa Arab sompristi engxenyeni kwekhulu VIII yesibili. kuze kube ukubhujiswa yayo ekhulwini XIII. . Njengoba ukuphela X leminyaka, i-emirs Hashemite wabusa isikhungo zenkolo amaSulumane - eMecca. indodana penultimate we Emir futhi waba yinkosi yokuqala Jordan Abdullah I. Njengoba ukuthola ukuzimela ngo-1946, kwakunamabandla amane yinkosi. Ukulandela ephawuleka kakhulu emlandweni eyesithathu ngakwesokunxele, Jordan sika King Hussein nendodana yakhe - le nkosi zamanje Abdullah II.

Esakhula King Hussein

Inkosi yakwa-Jordan Hussein wazalelwa e Amman ngo-1935. Elapho imfundo yamabanga aphansi wayithola, okuyinto waqhubeka eseGibhithe. Khona-ke waqhubeka nezifundo zakhe e-England ngesikhathi Harrow Isikole Military Academy Sandhurst, lapho baba abangane ngalo kanye nomzala wakhe wesibili, inkosi yakwa-Iraq II Faisal.

Julayi 20, 1951 nenkosi yokuqala yakwa-Jordan Abdullah mina, ephelezelwa Prince Hussein baya eJerusalema ukwenza imithandazo ngoLwesihlanu-al-Aqsa Mosque. Phakathi nalo mkhosi, amaphekula asePalestina esevulela ngenhlamvu ebhekise kubanikazi yinkosi, futhi wabulawa yena. Hussein oneminyaka engu-15 ubudala uphuthunyiswe ukuxosha nokudubula. Abazibonele wakufakazela ukuthi bhungu adubula isikhulu kodwa ngashaywa inhlamvu Ricochet kusukela izindondo kwi iyunifomu yakhe, anikezwe kumkhulu wakhe.

Kuyini isizathu yokuzondwa basePalestine ukuba umbusi iJordane? Iqiniso lokuthi e-eminyakeni 1947-1949. Jordan yayilokhu izidlela nje lezi Igunya wangaphambili British yoMbuso WaseBrithani nawo, eWest Bank yoMfula iJordani , ne-East eJerusalema UN kwakudaliwe baba insimu ka isimo esisha Arab kwePalestina. I wadla ubephelezelwa ukuxoshwa omkhulu we Israyeli okudalwe e emaJudeni. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, leli zwe, ikakhulukazi yizinqamu abangamaJuda nabangama-Arabhu aseJerusalema yimbangela ukungqubuzana eside ezaholela nezimpi ezimbili.

Izimo wokukhushulwa yesihlalo sobukhosi

Ekuqaleni, King wazala indodana Hussein endala Abdullah mina Talal. Kodwa kamuva, ngemva kokuhlela nokuthandaza izinyanga nantathu, waphoqwa ukuba iwuyeke ngenxa yesimo sakhe sengqondo (odokotela baseYurophu abathuthela Arab kwatholakala ukuthi unesifo sokuphazamiseka kwengqondo). Ngakho-ke, i-Crown Kunyatheliswa Huseyn engu-16 ubudala uyinkosi Hashemite Kingdom iJordani, Agasti 11, 1952 bamemezela. Okokuqala, kuze Prince ubudala, owabusa Regency zwe. voshestvie Ofanele Hussein yesihlalo sobukhosi senzeka ngo-May 1953.

I izimo ezaholela Six neMpi Day

Ngemva kweminyaka emithathu wokugcotshwa inkosi yakwa-Jordan Hussein usuthathe indawo zonke izikhulu zaseBrithani ebuthweni phezu Jordanians. Lokhu kuthutha wamnikeza kuvezwa ukwethembakala lempi.

Kuyo 1960, Hussein wafuna ukuxazulula izingxabano indawo nge Israyeli ngokuthula. Le nqubomgomo asishayisani ne izinhloso zale iziphathimandla Iraq, umSiriya nabaseGibithe, eliholwa Nasser, yayithonywe kakhulu ubuzwe Arab, ukwenqaba isimiso kungenzeka abe khona nombuso wamaJuda.

Isimo kwakunzima ngenxa yezinkinga iqiniso ukuthi Palestine amaqembu Arab nenkani based eSiriya, Jordan neGibithe, befuna ukumisa isimo sabo siqu, waqala impi yabashokobezi yokufuna engekho emthethweni ngenkathi yokubusa Israeli West eJerusalema.

Kancane kancane yezingxabano phakathi amazwe Arab kanye Israyeli ehlobo lika-1967 kuholele emfushane kodwa olunegazi eziyisithupha neMpi Day, okwaphumela ibutho Jordan waxoshwa West Bank kanye East eJerusalema, amabutho aseGibhithe - kusukela olusempumalanga zidlule iNhlonhlo YaseSinayi futhi umSiriya - kusukela Golan Heights .

Ngemva kwempi, Jordan belilokhu lithola kusukela United States eside ezomnotho. US wadinga ukuchitha olulodwa anti-Israyeli phambi Arab, nokuthi ngokwengxenye kuphumelele.

Ngo-September 1970, iNkosi Jordan Hussein ngaphambilini ukuba axoshe ukwakheka Palestine Liberation Inhlangano eveni. Ukuhlaselwa amabutho asePalestina kwaqhubeka kwaze kwaba ngo-July 1971, lapho kwafa khona izinkulungwane basePalestine baqhutshwa ikakhulukazi e Lebanon. Nokho, Jordan akakalilahli imfuno kuya West Bank kanye East eJerusalema.

Yom Kippur War

UMongameli waseGibhithe Anwar Sadat, uMengameli yaseSiriya Hafez al-Assad neNkosi Jordan Hussein elalihlanganyela kwentwasahlobo ka-1973, ukuxoxa kungenzeka impi entsha ne-Israyeli. Hussein, ngenxa yokwesaba ukulahlekelwa eminye insimu, linqaba ke. Akabakholelwanga izithembiso Sadat kanye PLO Usihlalo Yasira Arafata uma kwenzeka ukunqoba ukudluliswa eWest Bank laseJordani. Ngobusuku buka-September 25, Hussein ngasese landizela Tel Aviv ngendiza enophephela emhlane ukuxwayisa uNdunankulu Israeli Golda Meir i kusondela ukuhlasela.

Okthoba 6, 1973, iSiriya no yaseGibhithe, wahlasela Israyeli ngaphandle kosizo Jordan. Impi yaqhubeka kwaze kwaba Januwari 1974. Egypt baphinde eNhlonhlweni yaseSinayi, kodwa lonke ensimini, lebhalwe ngu-Israyeli ngesikhathi eziyisithupha neMpi Day, wahlala ngaphansi kwamandla akhe.

Ukuthula no-Israyeli

Naphezu ukusayinwa 1978 Camp uDavide ukuthula isivumelwano phakathi kweGibhite bese ngikhipha amaIsrayeli, Jordan yaqhubeka isiqinisa isikhalazo yokugcina phezu West Bank ibuye ngaso impi naye. Kulandele inkathi ende izingxoxo kwaloba-United States, kwaze kwaba yilapho ekugcineni ngo-1994, futhi sasayinwa Israyeli-Jordan Ukuthula Treaty, owawuthi Jordan uvumile ukufakwa ezweni asePalestina ku-Israyeli ukuzimela.

Hussein baqhubeka kucocisana yakhe umsebenzi ezingxoxweni phakathi ama-Israyeli futhi abantu basePalestine, okuyinto ngo-1997 kwaholela esivumelwaneni ukuhoxiswa osekukade amasosha Israeli kusukela wemizi emikhulu kakhulu West Bank.

Ukugula nokufa kweNkosi Hussein

Ekupheleni kuka-July 1998 senziwa umphakathi ukuthi Hussein unomdlavuza. Waya Clinic e-United States, lapho yazenzela Inkambo yokwelashwa olunzulu, Nokho, okuyinto, akazange kukhiqizwa imiphumela oyifunayo. Kwakuwusuku yesibili mpi nkosi eneminyaka engu-62 ubudala nomdlavuza; Walahlekelwa inso ngenxa yalesi sifo ngo-1992. Lapho ithemba lokuthi lesi sifo uzokwazi ukunqoba, kwesokunxele, Hussein esimisiwe ukuze angene esikhundleni sakhe nendodana Abdullah ngo-February 1999, wabuyela Amman.

Ekubuyeleni kwakhe e-Jordan, wahlangatshezwa amalungu omndeni, izikhonzi, amalungu ephalamende, amathimba angaphandle nezixuku izakhamuzi Jordan, okulinganiselwa ukuthi izikhulu zikahulumeni Jordan wabuthelwa kubantu abayizigidi ezingu-3. Ezinsukwini ezimbili ngemva kokubuyela Korol Huseyn, esimweni sebefile ku yokufakelwa yini nokusekela ukuphila kwakhe, yena inqanyuliwe imishini yini nokusekela ukuphila kwakhe.

Esihlalweni sakhe sobukhosi ukuthi salandelwa King Jordan Abdullah II.

Inkosi Hussein laseJordani naseziqongweni umkakhe,

Umbusi wayeshadile kane. Kusukela kumkakhe wokuqala wayenobuhlobo indodakazi Sharifa Alia. Umshado nomkakhe wesibili, i-oyiNgisi, u-Antoinette Gardner, baletha izingane Hussein ezine: amadodana Abdullah (1962 p, inkosi samanje.) Futhi Fysala namadodakazi Aisha futhi Zayn. unkosikazi Okwesithathu Alia, owashona ngo-kuphahlazeka indiza ngo-1977, wabeletha indodakazi Haya Hussein nendodana yakhe Ali. Futhi ekugcineni, Unkosikazi wesine uthi yena Lisa wayengunina nezinye izingane ezine: amadodana Hamza futhi Hasim namadodakazi Iman futhi Raivo.

Umbusi samanje Jordan

Yini eyabangela wonke wezwe Korol Abdalla? Jordan kuyinto ohlanga yomthethosisekelo lapho inkosi azigcina ndla amakhulu. Umnotho Jordan ukhulile kakhulu kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, lapho u-Abdullah ethathe ubukhosi ngo-1999 ngenxa nesanda ukutshalwa kwezimali angaphandle, ukusabalala umkhuba komphakathi nezinkampani ezizimele kanye kudalwa eziningana khulula ukuhweba esishintshashintshayo. Ngenxa yalokho hlelwa kabusha, komnotho Jordan uye kabili kuqhathaniswa kwesigamu 1990 yesibili wafinyelela 6% ngonyaka.

Yiziphi ezinye impumelelo ungalotshwa esebenzayo Korol Abdalla? IJordani wenza free ukuhweba isivumelwano-United States, owawungumnyaka lwesithathu isivumelwano esinjalo-United States futhi owokuqala nge ezweni lama-Arab.

Inkinga global kwezomnotho kanye okwalandela okuthiwa "Arab Spring" okwaholela Ukuntengantenga kwesimo sezombangazwe e-Jordan. Ngo 2011-2012 GG. kuleli zwe ngezikhathi kwakukhona imibhikisho mass Angenelisekile eziya ziba zimbi isimo somnotho. Nokho, ezolile futhi ebona Politika Abdally nomthelela nokwehla ephikisayo nokusimamisa lizwe.

ukuphila Siqu

Ngokungafani noyise, u-King Abdullah II Jordan ithobela zengqondo pro-European emshadweni. Umkakhe kuphela Rania wamzalela izingane ezine: amadodana Hussein (Umqhele Prince) kanye Hashim namadodakazi Iman uSalima. Unkosikazi iNkosi ka Jordan wazalwa ngo Kuwait abazali asePalestina. Watadisha e Kuwait, Egypt ne-United States. Ngaphambi ajwayelane Ablalloy ngo-1993, wasebenza ehhovisi Citibank e Amman. Unkosikazi ka-King of Jordan, isithombe zazo aboniswe ngezansi, uyindoda yesimanje, ekhuthele kakhulu ekuxhumaneni nomphakathi, i-YouTube, Facebook ne-Twitter. Rania ubhekwa ngendlela ekahle yesimanje owesifazane Arab, khulula ubandlululo, kodwa ngokubeka kuqhame bendabuko nezindinganiso zomkhaya.

Nanguya linombono wokuthi izingane zasebukhosini kufanele wazi ukuphila kwangempela. Inkosi umndeni Jordan kuyahluka nokuvuleka ongavamile kanye nentando yeningi, kanye credit esikhulu salokhu kungokwalabo ngisho nangaphambi kwalokho. Nokho, engawuboni give up izikhathi ezimnandi isikhundla sakhe sobukhosi bunjengegolide izicathulo enesisindo amagremu 400, igcwele namatshe ayigugu.