Oda Andreya Pervozvannogo: umlando, incazelo, knight

Order of St Andrew - olunye lwezimpawu eyinhloko isimo Russian. Akukhona lokho kuphela, nguye kuqala esungulwe ezweni kwethu kudumisa, nguye isikhathi eside - kuze 1917 - yazenzela ezingeni eliphakeme e sabaphathi oda wombuso kanye izindondo. Ngo-1998, lesi isimo ngesinqumo somthetho Borisa Eltsina ke esebuyile.

Oda Andreya Pervozvannogo kwadalwa yisikhathi esinzima kakhulu ezweni: kwakubikwa ukulungiselela okusebenzayo Omkhulu Northern neMpi, Russia yayilungiselela abe zilingana nezinhlobo amandla anamandla European. I kuqala indondo state Russian kwakuzomelela udumo wezwe, kwesokudla sakhe ukuhlonipha kusuka kwamanye amazwe. Kuyinto akukho ngozi umxhasi le ndondo ingenye abafundi abaseduze uPetru wakhethwa - Andrey Pervozvanny, ababedlala ngesikhathi esisodwa indima enkulu ekwakhiweni Kievan Rus.

The yisimiso okusalungiswa, okuyinto echazwe Order Andreya Pervozvannogo, ezihlanganisa nokulungiselela izinkulumo kanye nemizamo asebenzayo of Peter I. Ngokusho kwenye inguqulo nguye aphakanyisiwe ukwenza uphawu le ndondo amabili ewela imigqa emhlophe enkundleni okwesibhakabhaka, futhi Order ngokwayo unikelwa kwalabo 'ababenolwazi inkonzo enkulu wobaba ". Isinqumo eKusungulweni Order sasayinwa yilo mbusi esizayo ngasekupheleni March 1699.

tape kuqala Knights ', okuyinto kwaqinisa Order Andreya Pervozvannogo, zama Admiral FA Golovin, kodwa knight yenkinga yesibili sekukhona: kwaba isikhulu eziyihlazo Ivan Mazepa, maduzane owayezinikele Charles XII, ngoba ukuthi hhayi kuphela kwakuzondeka, kodwa futhi walahlekelwa aphakeme umklomelo Russian. UPetru ngokwakhe ngenhlanhla baba kuphela umnikazi lesithupha sale oda okusezingeni eliphezulu.

Knights of Order Andreya Pervozvannogo wathola timphawu, okwakuwuphawu engu- esiliva, nawo on isizinda ezimbili esinamakhanda ukhozi umbala legolide inkanyezi eziyisishiyagalombili olucijile. Ngokwakhe le isibonakaliso ngesineke okwesibhakabhaka futhi kwadingeka maphakathi isithombe Andreya Pervozvannogo. Oda kwadingeka ukuba igqoke umdweshu okwesibhakabhaka, enhle ayejikijela phezu kwehlombe lakhe lokunene, isifuba kwasala ukraschat inkanyezi eziyisishiyagalombili olucijile.

Ngemva kwalokho, kwesiyingi izicelo kulolu Umklomelo kungagcini elite eliphezulu kakhulu isimo, nokuvuza kakhulu kubo ukunikeza umuntu ilungelo isihloko uLieutenant jikelele. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuye kwaba isiko kuveza Order Andreya Pervozvannogo ngesikhathi amalungu lokuzalwa asebukhosini.

Ngasikhathi sinye, abanikazi Russian lokhu umklomelo alikwazanga angaphezu kwayishumi nambili. ngesikhathi of February Revolution, Order Andreya Pervozvannogo waklonyeliswa, ngokusho kombiko ahlukahlukene, esuka kubantu 900 ukuze 1,100, kuhlanganise nezindima abantu abadumile njengoba Alexander Suvorov, G. Potemkin, Rumyantsev, Napoleon. Umnikazi zokugcina zalesi umklomelo Tsarist Russia kwaba omele asebukhosini Prince Roman Petrovich.

ERussia yesimanje, Order Andreya Pervozvannogo waphinda ezithathwe endaweni yalo efanele njengoba umklomelo enkulu yezwe ngo-1998. Khona kanye ukubukeka kwawo idalwe imidwebo lokusinda, ngakho-ke ngokuphelele amakhophi oda, okuyinto kwaba kuze 1917. Umklomelo wokuqala wanikwa edumile academician Dmitry Likhachev. Ngemva kwalokho, lakhethwa nabanye abantu abangu-12, kuhlanganise Nazarbayev, Kalashnikov, uSolzhenitsyn, Alexiy II, S. Mikhalkov.