US President Aircraft: Uhlolojikelele, incazelo, izici futhi amaqiniso athakazelisayo

US kwendiza kamongameli iwuphawu acacile United States ngokuvamile futhi ehhovisi lomuntu lokuqala ngokukhethekile. Noma yinini lapho inhloko yezwe luhamba phesheya noma kuleli zwe, unikezwa zobuchwepheshe kanye Airbus zikanokusho. Usuku sikhunjulwe Septhemba 11 izindiza of George W. Bush ungenisa iye yabonisa ukuthi kungaphezu indiza jet - "747" baba indlu mobile lapho bonke izikhundla phansi owayebonakala emkhulu kalula.

Ngakho-ke yini umehluko, "Air Force One" kwamanye izindiza, futhi lokho kudinga ukuba inhloko yezwe babekwazi fly emhlabeni wonke? Uma sicabanga ukuthi singakanani indiza ethwala UMengameli waseMelika, akumangalisi ukuthi abezindaba basibiza ngokuthi "flying White House".

Kuyini "Air Force One"?

Abantu abaningi ube nomqondo othile ngokuthi indiza ka uMengameli waseMelika - flying ehhovisi nazo zonke izinhlobo imishini zobuchwepheshe. Kodwa kukhona izinto ezimbili ezibalulekile mayelana nokuthi iziphi izinhlelo umphakathi jikelele uyazi kancane.

Ngokomthetho, "Air Force One" izindiza akuyona. Lokhu yemchumanisi kwanoma iyiphi izindiza US Air Force, ethwele uMongameli wase-United States. Njengoba nje inhloko yezwe is imoto flying, libizwa amatilosi nabo bonke abalawuli ngokuthi "Air Force ibhodi №1» (Air Force One) ukuze kugwenywe ukudideka nanoma iyiphi enye indiza kule ndawo. Uma uhamba umengameli indiza yempi, ubizwa ngokuthi "Army ibhodi №1», futhi njalo lapho ugibela indiza zayo ezikhethekile, uba "ebhodini imikhumbi №1». Kodwa izakhamuzi ezibulewe ngakho Wazibiza ngokuthi '747 ".

UMongameli wase-United States Air: Izici

Kuze kube manje, kukhona izindiza ezimbili ezindiza njalo ngaphansi leligama - kucishe "Boeing 747-200B". izindiza siqu elithi VC-25a ngomsila izinombolo 28000 futhi 29000.

Lezi izindiza ezimbili babe isakhiwo esifanayo jikelele esiku "Boeing 747-200B" futhi izici ezifanayo. Sinenkosi cishe lobulinganako kwesakhiwo eziyisithupha storey (19.8 m) nobude zasedolobheni (70.66 m). Ngamunye wabo has ezine jet injini General Electric CF6-80C2B1, okunikeza traction 252 kN ngamunye. I speed esiphezulu ungaphakathi uhla kusuka 1014 kuya 1127 km / h futhi ophahleni obuyisilinganiselo 13747 m. Indiza ngayinye ithwala 203129 amalitha nophethiloli. Indiza ukala 377.842 kg endaweni ukunqanda ngokuphelele izindiza esimweni eside hola. Nge ithangi izindiza umnyuziki kungaba undizisa kwesigamu emhlabeni (12553 km).

Njengoba evamile "747", lezi amazinga amathathu izindiza. Kodwa ngaphakathi "ebhodini №1» ehluke ngokuphelele Abezindiza.

Ngaphakathi Air Force One

US kwendiza kamongameli, lounge elinendawo endaweni ewusizo 371 square metres. m., okuningi like ehhotela noma ehhovisi ngaphandle iqhumisa, ngaphandle zokuphepha amabhande kuwo wonke izihlalo. Izinga aphansi isetshenziswa ngokuyinhloko ukuthutha izimpahla. Iningi endaweni umgibeli ivuliwe ezingeni maphakathi, futhi phezulu ikakhulukazi ezithathwe imishini zokuxhumana.

Umongameli kukhona ebhodini zokulala, okuhlanganisa egumbini lakhe lokulala, yokugezela, ejimini kanye namahhovisi. Iningi ifenisha indiza ezenziwe ngesandla master cabinetmakers.

Abasebenzi eqoqwe ikamelo elikhulu lenkomfa ikhonza njengombonisi egunjini lokudlela. I gaba amawofisi abo, kuyilapho izisebenzi ezisele ekuphathweni kamongameli, futhi, abe indawo umsebenzi nokungcebeleka. Kukhona indawo ehlukile izintatheli ahambisanayo, kanye isikhala esanele abasebenzi bezempilo besemsebenzini. Ngokuvamile, indiza enguMengameli waseMelika bangase bebanga abagibeli 70 namalungu 26 nezisebenzi.

Hollywood version

"Air Force One" yabukiswa kusuka ngaphakathi ku eponymous Hollywood ifilimu ka 1997 nge Harrison Ford e indima umongameli US. Nakuba izingxenye ezithile ze kwenkundla ngalokwanele zifane umqondisi yokuqala ifilimu inikezwe ukuzwakalisa bobuchule kwezobuciko. Akukho izindiza yangempela wokutakula capsule njengoba kukhonjisiwe kulesibonelo ifilimu, ngisho parachutes. Yiqiniso, capsule wokutakula - akuyona into mayelana nokuthi iziphi izinhlelo singakhuluma.

isakhiwo

US kwendiza kamongameli ligubuzelwe ezinye wasenganekwaneni, halo ongaqondakali, ngokuyinhloko ngenxa kuyona kukhawulwe kubantu abaningi. Ngisho osopolitiki abamenyiwe nezintatheli awavunyelwe Kwezinye izingxenye, futhi Air Force ngokucophelela ngokwanele ukuze afihle imininingwane ethile izindiza sakhiwo. Yini izimfihlo igcina endizeni UMengameli waseMelika? Imithombo eminingi yokwaziswa ezisemthethweni futhi elizibekela eshicilelwe incazelo jikelele yini ngaphakathi "ebhodini №1», kodwa akekho, kuze kufike siyazi, ngempela ukusho kanjani izingxenye ezihlobana nomunye. Ngisho nalapho umuntu enza, cishe wayengacabangi kangako ngabe wathola iseluleko ethobekile angifihlele le ulwazi ngezizathu ukuze kuvikelwe izwe.

Nakhu esikwaziyo: njengenjwayelo "747", umongameli wase-United States indiza uhlukaniswe onezitezi ezintathu. Futhi, njengoba ungenza ku ukusakazwa ithelevishini, abagibeli uthole ku nge iminyango emithathu. Ngokuvamile inhloko yezwe, Ukwamukela Atmosphere uyasijabulela umnyango kwi emphemeni phakathi, lapho ushayela umgibeli izitebhisi self ezinezinjini. Izintatheli ufake ngomnyango ongemuva, lapho ngokushesha ukukhuphuka isitebhisi labagibeli phakathi. Iningi endaweni ngenxa yesixuku ifana kwesigaba unqambothi esiku jet liner, nge ekahle yokuhlala futhi ivulekile.

Uma ucabangisisa, akufanele futhi:

• indawo abasebenzi;
• abagwedli;
• ikamelo inkomfa kwakhiwa negumbi lokudlela;
• umongameli futhi nenombolo yakhe ehhovisi;
• indawo umsebenzi kanye lonke iqembu.

Futhi-ke, kumelwe kube igumbi ukuxhumana ihabhu, salon futhi abanikeze asebenza nabo, + njengasosukwini lokungivivinya airliner evamile ukuthengisa.

Kanye ukusetshenziswa non-yendabuko umgibeli isikhala, "ebhodini №1» igcwele ezihlukahlukene ubuchwepheshe eyenza ihluke ezivamile ekuphonsweni.

Izici

Njengoba "ebhodini №1» uyisa umongameli, ezinye uhambo isikhathi eside kakhulu, futhi leyo ndiza ingakaze inombolo yezici ekhethekile, eziningi zazo bengekho ku izindiza civil.

Amatilosi ilungiselela ukudla emakhishini ezimbili zinakho. A semali ukudla elondolozwe efrijini kwi emphemeni phansi. Amatilosi zingadla abantu 100 ngesikhathi futhi ivumela isitoreji ukuba abe isitokwe yizicucu 2,000.

ubuchwepheshe amaningi ayehilela olwandle wezokwelapha. Kukhona ekhemisi ebanzi, eziningi nemishini ukwelashwa okuphuthumayo, ngisho etafuleni nesibaya ukuphuma yokusebenza a. Amatilosi kwakuhlanganisa udokotela ohamba nomongameli, noma liyaphi. Ukusuka, indiza Ubuningi bamahora enawulungiselelwa zonke izehlakalo kungenzeka.

Ngokungafani evamile "747", "ebhodini №1" ifakwe siqu isitebhisi yayo retractable yayingaphambi nangemuva kwabo ze-boarding, eza. Ezitebhisini ukuvula ungene emphemeni ephansi, futhi izisebenzi kanye nabasebenzi ukukhuphuka ezitebhisini yangaphakathi ukufinyelela emphemeni engenhla. Indiza Ubuye yayo wemithwalo Loader. Ngalezi anezele, "ebhodini №1» izimele izinkonzo sezindiza, okungase iwusongo nokuvikeleka.

E-ukugcwaliswa

Isici esiphawulekayo iningi indiza electronics yayo. Kuhlanganisa 85 ku-ibhodi amafoni, iqoqo of imisakazo, ama-fax kanye zokuxhumana nekhompyutha. Futhi, zikhona 19 TV futhi ezihlukahlukene imishini ehhovisi. Uhlelo ucingo ixhunywe ezivamile ezweni imigqa kwezokuxhumana kuhulumeni. UMongameli futhi udondolo lwakhe ungakhuluma kunoma yimuphi umuntu emhlabeni, ezihambayo sihamba ngesivinini esiphelele of amakhilomitha ambalwa ukusuka phansi.

Umsebenzi ugibelile electronics enikeziwe angu 380 izintambo (izikhathi ezimbili ezingaphezu kuka evamile "747"). Avikele anele ukuvikela imishini kusuka ishayela kagesi akhiqizwa iziqhumane zasemkhathini.

Esinye isici yikhono ifake uphethiloli e-indiza. Kanye B-2 noma ezinye ukulwa izindiza, kuvumela isitsha ukuze uhlale emoyeni unomphela, okungase kube kubalulekile esimweni esiphuthumayo.

Ezinye izakhi ezithakazelisayo iningi "ebhodini №1» - Avionics eziphambili nokuvikelwa - ihlukaniswa. Kodwa-Air Force bathi indiza nakanjani wezempi, futhi yakhelwe ukumelana nokuhlasela emoyeni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, yona ifakwe amadivaysi wenza umcimbi, okuyinto uyakwazi wenza umcimbi isitha radar. Indiza iyakwazi nokuba mbaxa ukudubula isicupho infrared ukuphambukisa ezicitshwayo ukushisa-efuna.

Flight ukulungiselela

Ngamunye indiza "ebhodini №1» ubhekwa njengesilwane esisengcupheni operation lempi futhi zaveza ngokufanele. Servicemen at Andrews Air Force Base, Maryland ngaphambi kokuhamba ahlole ngokucophelela izindiza futhi evulekile.

Uma kuziwa ukuthatha-off isikhathi, ibhanoyi kamongameli unika inhloko yezwe esuka e-White House ukuba Andrews Air Force Base. isizinda izisebenzi uqaphe izindiza okungagunyaziwe eseduze futhi unelungelo ukudubula kubo phansi ngaphandle kwesixwayiso.

Ngaphambi indiza ngayinye, "ebhodini №1» Air Force ithumela eya endaweni wezimpahla izindiza C141 Starlifter, ethwele inhlabaluhide kamengameli. Kuhlanganisa iqoqo Limousines inhlamvu futhi ezimotweni, zithwesiwe izikhali ukulondeka inhloko isimo emhlabathini.

UMongameli njalo efika base nge "ibhola" - ipotimende lapho ukugcina amakhodi ukuthunyelwa zenuzi. Air Force isikhulu kulinda kuye ngesikhathi indiza, ngaphambi kokuhambisa isikhulu sebutho emhlabathini.

Ilungelo ukusebenza nomongameli

njengokhozi iqhumisa abavamile, umuntu wokuqala kuleli zwe akhonzwa crew indiza izindiza nabaphathi ukulungiselela futhi bakhonze ukudla, futhi uhlanze izindiza. Basuke ezikhethwe ngokucophelela umbutho wezempi nge idumela lihle. amalungu Crew abalungiselela ukudla kumele kuhambisane ezingeni eziphakeme zokulondeka. Ngokwesibonelo, ukuthenga ukudla, basebenza ngaphansi ikhava bese ukhetha nezitolo ezinkulu bathuka ukuvimbela umzamo ubuthi. Kunikezwe ngu aircraft steeper ehhotela aphambili UMengameli waseMelika.

amalungu Crew kukhona eliyivelakancane kakhulu - basebenzela nomongameli lapho ephambi isimo abasengozini enkulu. Njalo umongameli kusukela Harry Truman, zigcinwe ubuhlobo obuseduze ebaleka nezisebenzi kanye indiza odlule bekulokhu ngokomzwelo njalo.

UMongameli Plane: Indaba American "ebhodini №1»

Kuze kube neMpi Yezwe II, inhloko United States akuvamile uhambo kude nasekhaya. Ukuvakashela kwamanye amazwe wawudla isikhathi sakhe esiningi futhi ikhanda yezwe ezikhungweni ezinkulu.

Ukuthuthukiswa zezindiza ukuvumele umongameli ukuhambisa emhlabeni wonke futhi abuye abuyele kulo US esikhathini esifushane. Ngo-1943, Franklin Ruzvelt waba umongameli wokuqala isimo ukuthi uvukile emoyeni ngokuya emkhunjini flying "Boeing-314" esithangamini ku Casablanca.

Roosevelt wanquma ukuthatha lesi sinyathelo, ngoba ngwenya German enza ngalo ulwandle esiyingozi kakhulu. Kodwa impumelelo mission ukwenza indiza ngendlela esezingeni ukunyakazisa uMongameli. Ngokushesha, uhulumeni unqume ukwaba wezempi indiza umongameli ekhethekile. Air Force ekuqaleni wakhetha C-87A umkhululi Express, a webhomu B-24 amisiwe ukusetshenziswa empini, okuyinto elika "Guess lapho."

Ngemva komunye C-87A iphahlazeka ngaphansi kwezimo engaqondakali, isevisi nokuvikeleka yanquma ukuthi izindiza aluthembekile anele umongameli. Ngokushesha, ngokuba Roosevelt lalungiselela C-54 Skymaster, eyayintula lokulala, a radiotelephone futhi lift retractable isihlalo sabakhubazekile. Indiza, ngokuthi "lo Inkomo Engcwele", ethwele inhloko yezwe ezintweni eziningi ohambweni ezibalulekile, kuhlanganise mlando inkomfa Yalta.

UMongameli uTruman "izinkomo engcwele" wayezuze, kodwa ke salandelwa DC-6 Ushintshe, onesihloko esithi "Ukuzibusa." Ngokungafani izindiza langaphambilini, entsha "ebhodini №1» ovelele Umbala yokushisekela izwe ikhanda bokhozi ku angaphambili. Eisenhower ezimbili ezifanayo bendiza izindiza zanikezwa ngamathuluzi ethuthukisiwe, kuhlanganise ngocingo futhi teletype.

Kusukela Eisenhower Obama

Ngo-1958, i-Air Force enikeziwe ezimbili "Boeing 707". Lokhu kwaba isinyathelo esibalulekile phambili uma kuqhathaniswa ne izindiza odlule. It kusukela ngaleso sikhathi zaqala ukusebenzisa uphawu ucingo "ebhodini №1», futhi umphakathi wathatha leli gama ngemuva Kennedy engena ehhovisi.

Ekuqaleni kokubusa kwakhe Kennedy ungeze okuthuthukile, yesikhathi eside "Boeing-707", kanye baqondisa ushintsho design tebuciko - decor okwesibhakabhaka nomhlophe esetshenziswa kuze kube yilolu suku.

Yona futhi le ndiza bese iwele lakhe, lidlule ngoxhaxha emoyeni ngo-1972, wadlala indima ethile ebhayisikobho eziningana izenzakalo ezinkulu zomlando ka engu-50 edlule. "Boeing-707 'abathwala Kennedy e Dallas Novemba 22, 1963 kanye ngosuku olufanayo, wathumba umzimba wakhe emuva. Uma indiza, ULindon Dzhonson ufungiswe nguMengameli wezwe olandelayo US. Le ndiza efanayo ibithwele Nixon kusukela DC eCalifornia ngemva kokuthatha umhlalaphansi wakhe. nezisebenzi Maphakathi bethola isiqinisekiso sokuthi Gerald Ford ufungiswe nguMengameli wezwe olandelayo futhi ushayele isibonakaliso izindiza eziye modified at SAM (Special Air Mission) 27000.

"Boeing-707" Reagan wakhonza amatemu ezimbili, futhi uGeorge HW Bush ngesikhathi sokusebenza kuqala. Ngo-1990, 707 kwedethi sishintshile saba "747" - endizeni uMengameli waseMelika uBarack Obama esetshenziswa namuhla.

Olunye ushintsho lwekhanda isimo ngoxhaxha izindiza Kwakuhlelwe emuva ngo-2010 ngemuva kweminyaka imisebenzi 20. Uma uqhathanisa izindiza abongameli emazweni ahlukahlukene, lezipho ezintsha United States okhethekile aircrafts kungukuthi esabiwe. Ngokwesibonelo, ama-yesimanje "Boeing-747-400" ziyatholakala Undunankulu wase-Japan, iNkosi Bahrain, Sultan of Brunei, iNkosi Oman, inkosi yakwa-Saudi Arabia kanye nabanye. Januwari 28, 2015 e-Air Force yamemezela ukuthi izindiza kamongameli esilandelayo sizobe " Boeing 747-8 ".