Inkosi French Francis II noMariya uStuart

Ngokuzayo eNkosini uFrancis II wazalelwa emndenini uHenry II (1519-1559) kanye Ekateriny Medichi (1519-1589). Kwasekusithi nanye ngonyaka umshado ezihlalweni zobukhosi bethwele nemiqhele pair, January 19, 1544. Le ngane yaqanjwa uyisemkhulu, uFrancis I. Ngenxa yokuthi Catherine uye wahluleka ukuba azale indlalifa, kususiwe inkosi, owayehlala nge Diane esithandayo de yasePoitiers.

babyhood

Francis II bakhula eSaint-Germain Palace. Kwakuwusuku yokuhlala likaPondo waseParis labangela ukuqala komkhakha osebeni the Seine. Ingane wabhapathizwa Februwari 10, 1544 e Fontainebleau. King-Umkhulu ngesikhathi esifanayo knighted kuye. Godparents baba uPapa Paul III nomalumekazi UMargarita Navarrskaya.

Ngo-1546, usana baba umbusi Languedoc, futhi kamuva ngonyaka wathola isihloko Dauphin, ngemva kokufa Umkhulu noyise, uHenry II waba yinkosi. Ingane kwadingeka abeluleki abaningi, kuhlanganise nososayensi ngesiGreki kuphela ukusuka eNaples. Encane indlalifa wafunda umdanso kanye kocingo (kwaba uphawu lokuziphatha okufanele ngaleso sikhathi).

inhlangano umshado

Okubalulekile kwaba umbuzo ukuzibandakanya futhi ukuqhubeka lwamakhosi. Henry II wanquma ukuthi indodana yakhe Uzothola nomkakhe uMariya uStuart - Queen of Scotland. Wazalelwa ngo-December 8, 1542 futhi kusukela ezinsukwini zokuqala kakhulu wathola isicoco sakhe, ngoba ke kufa uyise, uJames V. Eqinisweni, ngoba ubusa isihlobo abakhulu Dzheyms Gamilton (Earl of Arran).

Nakuba umbuzo zenkolo sibucayi. France neScotland babe emazweni bamaKatolika. England iwine isonto yawo engumProthestani. Ngakho-ke, iziphathimandla mazwe amathathu akuyona omningi ngokushesha ephetha imifelandawonye. Lapho Scotland ekugcineni won party "French", nabakhulu wakhetha ukunika indlovukazi okuncane Dauphin eParis. Umqalisi kwalesi sibopho baba Cardinal Devid Biton, elahoxisa Hamilton.

Ngesikhathi esifanayo ezweni ngokuzumayo ihlaselwe amabutho aseBrithani. amasonto obuKatolika kwabhujiswa, futhi izwe ongumlimi zonakala. Ababhikishi okuhleliwe ukwesaba umuntu ngokumelene izicukuthwane Scottish, ongathandanga athambise isandla umakhelwane wayo oseningizimu. Ekugcineni regents Maria waphenduka usizo eFrance. Kwakukhona amaviyo eyayikhokhelwa isithembiso somshado. Ngo-August 1548 uMaria, nje waphenduka koneminyaka eyisihlanu, wahlala phezu emkhunjini, wafika umyeni esizayo.

Wedding kaMaria uStuart

Intombazane, phakathi kwezinye izinto, wayebuye umzukulu Claude de sama - kontanga waseFrance omunye izicukuthwane njengomuntu onethonya elikhulu kakhulu ezweni. Wathatha ukunakekela kwakhe futhi usizo enkantolo kwaze kwaba sekufeni kwakhe, sebedlula le wohlanga olukhulu zihlaba ngo-1550. Umakoti kwaba ngokungavamile ubude nobudala bakhe, kuyilapho François II, kunalokho, 'zinezikhathi ukukhula ongaphakeme. Naphezu kwakho konke lokhu, Ngokuzayo uHenry II umalokazana bathandile, wathi ngokwaneliseka, ukuthi izingane ukujwayela nomunye ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.

Umshado senzeka ngo-Ephreli 24, 1558. Umshado entsha kwakusho ukuthi esikhathini esizayo inzalo yombhangqwana uzokwazi ukuhlanganisa kwezihlalo zobukhosi eScotland France ngaphansi omunye intonga. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uMariya umzukulu zeNkosi uHenry VII. Leli qiniso ebengakhipha izingane zakhe esizwakalayo befuna sobukhosi e-London. Kwaze kwaba sekufeni kwakhe, uFrancis II wahlala inkosi nendlovukazi yeScotland. Lesi sihloko enganikanga bamandla wangempela, kodwa kuvikelwe isimo umbusi womshado. Kodwa umbhangqwana angakaze izingane ezinhle emshadweni wabo iDemo. Lokhu kwakubangelwa esemncane we Dauphin nezifo kungenzeka.

ngokulandelana yesihlalo sobukhosi

nginezinsuku ngonyaka komshado (10 Julayi 1559) Francis II Valois waba yinkosi ngenxa ekufeni kungakabi yisikhathi kayise. Henry II kugujwa umshado nenye yamadodakazi akhe futhi ngokuvamile bahlela joust. Inkosi walwa omunye izivakashi - Gabriel de Montgomery. Ukubala umkhonto waphula ku igobolondo uHenry izwibela wakhe umbusi esweni. Isilonda wazibonakalisa ebulalayo njengoba imbangela ukuvuvukala. Inkosi wafa, naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi usizo wanikeza odokotela kakhulu eYurophu, kuhlanganise Andreas Vezaly (umsunguli ukwakheka komzimba womuntu imfundiso yesimanje). Kukholakala ukuthi kokufa kukaHenry kwabikezelwa ngu zikaNostradamus, ngubani, ngenhlanhla wayesaphila ngaleso sikhathi.

Septhemba 21, 1559, uFrancis II Valois egcotshwa ngo-waseReims. I isiko obeka umqhele esiphathiswe Cardinal Charles de sama. Umqhele sasinzima ukuze inkantolo kwadingeka ukuba ayisekele. Charles wayengomunye walaba regents belingana ne omalume kaMariya hlobo sama. Libuye libe nethonya elikhulu unina womntwana enikeziwe, Ekaterina Medichi. Umbusi osemusha wasebenzisa yonke ngesikhathi sakhe sokuphumula kwezokuzijabulisa: ukuzingela, tournaments uhlelekile futhi uhambo ezihlekisayo ezindlini zabo zamakhosi.

ukunqikaza lokumba izindaba isimo nakakhulu okugqugquzelwa ubutha phakathi ezahlukene kwamaqembu enkantolo, ulangazelela ekubonakalisweni kwamandla yangempela. Giza, empeleni baba umthetho wezwe banezinkinga yangaphakathi olwandle, ngasinye sazo esikhulu nezinye.

Izinkinga uMgcinimafa

Esokuqala kwaba yinkinga yezimali. Francis II noMariya uStuart ithole esihlalweni sobukhosi ngemva eziningana izimpi ebizayo nge abakwaHabsburg, isiqale Valois odlule. Isimo imali emabhange, okwaphumela nesikweletu kuleso franc kwezigidi ezingu-48, kuyilapho yomcebo yasebukhosini for ngonyaka wathola imali izigidi ezingu-12 kuphela.

Ngenxa yalokhu, Giza waqala ukuphishekela umgomo lokonga imali, okwakuyigama omunye izizathu unpopularity zabo emphakathini. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abazalwane ubeke eceleni izinkokhelo lempi. Ibutho ngokuvamile kuyehla, kanti amasosha abaningi baphelelwa imisebenzi base, bese kufakwa abaphangi noma iqhaza ezimpini zenkolo, inzuzo le ngxabano yabo bonke ngokumelene zonke. Ngangihlale ngingajabule futhi igceke, ngalahlekelwa okunethezeka yabo.

inqubomgomo angaphandle

Ngo inqubomgomo angaphandle, uFrancis II nabeluleki bakhe bazama ukuqhubeka imizamo yethu yokwazisa wokugcina ukuthula ezalandela ekupheleni Italian Izimpi. Kwaba uchungechunge ezimpini, esisuka ku isikhawu kusuka 1494 kuya 1559. Henry II ngaphambi nje kokufa kwakhe waphetha Kato Kambreziysky emhlabeni. Isivumelwano lalinabashumayeli amaphepha amabili.

Isivumelwano sokuqala sasayinwa ne-Queen of England Elizabeth I. Ngokusho kwakhe, ngoba France zase zihleliwe ethumba Calais ngasolwandle, kodwa exchange, Paris kwakudingeka akhokhe 500,000 imiqhele. Nokho, Giza, ebhekene mass ezikweletini kuleli zwe, wakhetha ukungahlukanisi ukunikeza imali le nqaba. Ukudlula kwesikhathi kuye kwabonisa ukuthi ECU 500 000 baye bahlala kuphela ephepheni, kuyilapho indle wazibonakalisa impahla eFrance. Akekho uphikiswa, kuhlanganise Francis II. Biography yenkosi abasha ukhuluma ngobuciko ngalokho akakuthandanga ukuba athathe isinyathelo ezandleni zabo.

ezivuna indawo

Isivumelwano yesibili, ungene ngemvume Cateau-Cambrésis, wabuyisana eFrance naseSpain. Wayengumuntu buhlungu kakhulu. France ilahlekelwe izindawo ezinkulu. Waphelelwa abakwaHabsburg Thionville, neMarienburg, Luxembourg, kanye kwezinye izindawo kuleli Charolais futhi Artois. UMbusi Savoy (Spain sizana) etholakele Paris, Savoy, Piedmont. Republic of Genoa waya Corsica.

Francis kwakungasekho okunye kodwa ukuthobela inkontileka imishwana lekhontile, iyawakha uyise, ngenxa yalokho Spain ekugcineni wathatha isikhundla okuholela Izwe Elidala, kuyilapho France elalihlala yemibango yangaphakathi, ngisakwazi kwenza lutho ukumisa le.

Elinye iphuzu ezithakazelisayo yesivumelwano kwaba ukuthi u-Emmanuel Philibert (duke Savoy) washada Anti Francis, Margaret. Lo mshado isivele azifeza phakathi nokubusa kwenkosi esihlalweni sobukhosi abasha. Enye lomshado zenzeka phakathi kuka-Philip of Spain, udadewabo Francis - Elizabeth.

Futhi ngesikhathi sokubusa kuka-Francis baqhubeka nezingxoxo ezinde ne umqhele Spanish phezu kuthutha we abathunjwa nhlangothi zombili komngcele. Nye of them were emajele amashumi eminyaka.

Ngesikhathi esifanayo eScotland kuvukela waqala Lords amaProthestani ngokumelene regents French. Inkolo olusemthethweni lashintsha ke bonke abaphathi waseParis labangela ukuqala komkhakha ngokuxhamazela zihambile.

impi yenkolo

Bazalwane Giza babengamaKatolika okweqile. Bathome igagasi elisha yokucindezelwa ngokumelene ababhikishi, owayehlala eFrance. Lesi isilinganiso avunyelwe inkosi François II, wanika selihanjiswa inkululeko isinyathelo omalume ngumkayo. Huguenot waphishekela kuze ekubulaweni kwenqwaba yabantu. Izindawo zabo ndawonye futhi inhlangano kwabhujiswa, sengathi emabhalekisini isifo.

AmaKatolika kuqhathaniswa izenzo iqembu lobuProthestani, ephinde kwadingeka abaholi babo esigodlweni. Kwakumelwe nezihlobo ezikude umbusi Antuana De Bourbon (King of Navarre, intatshana) kanye Lyudovika Konde. Zibizwa ngokuthi nangokuthi "Igazi Prince" (okusho ukuthi babe amalungu Capetian lwamakhosi, ezifaka phakathi, waba ngukumkani Valois).

ngesakhiwo Ambauzsky

Ngo-March 1560 lo amaHuguenot ekuphenduleni izenzo amaKatolika okuhleliwe Ambauzsky zungu. Kwaba ngomzamo ukuyokudla Francis isiboshwa ukumphoqa ukuba abadedisele yena kubazalwane sama. Nokho, ngaphambi kokuba kufike uSuku izinhlelo laziwa emagcekeni ezigodlo futhi baphephela Ambauze - Umuzi the Loire, futhi inhliziyo France. Noma kunjalo, bakhi wanquma ukuthatha ithuba. behluleke, abahlaseli Kuye kwabulawa esitokisini.

Lokhu kwamvulela ithuba lokunikeza amagagasi angapheli oshushiso amaProthestani. Bona ababulawa cishe ngaphandle kwecala. Antuan De Bourbon futhi Lyudovik Konde baboshwa futhi icala lelo cebo. Abasindiswa kuphela iqiniso lokuthi wamelela kubekelwe unina wenkosi Ekaterina Medichi. NjengoFritz aristocrats eziningi ngemva kwakhe, kwaba ngokulinganisela ezindabeni zenkolo, futhi ngokuzama ukufinyelela ukusilela phakathi bamaKatolika amaHuguenot. Kwaba ngo-December 1560.

nokubuyisana Yemfihlo

Ngemva izinkanuko ezinjalo Inqubomgomo zenkolo baba ethambile, okuyinto izibophezele Francis 2. Ukubusa kwakhe kwaba yokuthi zonke iziboshwa sakhululwa yinkolo. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi sika-Henry II lokho kwaba impumuzo kuqala. Ngo-May 1560, i umthetho washaywa, obhalisele Francis II. UMbusi Brittany (omunye neziqu zakhe eziningi) okokuqala wakhuluma ngesimo inkululeko kanembeza.

Ngo-Ephreli, Queen uNina laseFrance lamemezela Shansela Michel de l'Hopital. Wayeyisikhonzi abadumile civil, imbongi kanye inkathi sezifundo. Umlobi izinkondlo eyanyatheliswa ngo-Latin, lapho balingisa Horace lasendulo. Uyise ngakhonza phambi Charles de Bourbon. Michelle Ubekezela waqala ukuphishekela umgomo ukubekezelelana. Ukuze ingxoxo phakathi kwabenza nokuvuma ezilwayo amenywa -United Jikelele (okokuqala eminyakeni 67). Ngokushesha ngemva kokuba isinqumo waphasiswa, okwakwenza de L'Hopital. Yena waqeda isigwebo sokufa for ubugebengu ngokumelene nenkolo. Zonke ezinye imisebenzi inqubomgomo basala ebhodini, obuso bakhe kwaba Francis II. Izingane sobukhosi waqala aphumelele baphathana njengabangane ebukekayo coquette ekushintsheni amagilavu.

Francis isiphetho ukufa kaMariya

Francis II - King of France - ayikwazanga lokhozi lezi zenzakalo. Indlebe zazimane akha fistula ezibangele esibhibhayo ebulalayo. Disemba 5, 1560 nkosi eneminyaka engu-16 ubudala washona ngo Orleans. Enyukele sobukhosi elandelayo indodana uHenry II - Charles X.

unkosikazi Francis Mary uStuart abuyela emazweni ekhaya, lapho ngesikhathi amaProthestani anqoba. iqembu wabo ukuthi ikhefu indlovukazi esencane nge eSontweni LamaRoma. Le ntombazane ephethwe ukuwuqondisa phakathi kwala maqembu womabili ukuba impi kwaze kwaba yilapho ophucwa sobukhosi ngo-1567, khona-ke babalekela eNgilandi. Elapho uboshiwe ngesikhathi U-Elizabeth Tudor. Plaid iye ubonile ukuxhumana ngemfuyo-ejenti Catholic naye yaqondisa zungu Queen of England. Ngenxa yalokho, uMariya wabulawelwa 1587 eneminyaka engu-engu-44.