Indlu Noble OMhlangano - focus yempilo emphakathini

Izikhwama, amafomu umphakathi ngesisekelo Russia zangaphambi wamavukelambuso kwaba osesikhundleni - ayanda, ikilasi nelungelo. Self-ebusayo ekilasini laba bafundi, eyabonakala ngo-1766, iye yazuza amandla zomthetho 1785 emva ukungena force of "Charter ukuze ukuthinta izicukuthwane kuphela."

Beautiful futhi iqine

Noble LoMhlangano ubizwa nangokuthi "enhle", ngegama kucace ukuthi umzimba ozibuse zabantu nge igazi okwesibhakabhaka. Ngokwemvelo, yemihlangano eziye zenzeka kanye ngeminyaka emithathu, kwakudingekile ukulungiselelwa ezifanele. Umphakathi umhlobiso edingekayo luhlaka ehloniphekile. Indlu izikhulu LoMhlangano dolobha ye izifundazwe kanye emadolobheni amakhulu zakhiwa zaba izikhungo; ngoba isakhiwo sabo bamenywa abaculi umhlabeleli abavela kuwo wonke amazwe.

Demand futhi emva kwempi

isakhiwo Yakhelwe eminyaka, ngakho amaningi ezisekhona futhi ezikhangayo ezinkulu emadolobheni emaphakathi yesifundazwe. Noble izindlu LoMhlangano emadolobheni ezifana Smolensk, Vologda, uVladimir, Ufa, Kostroma, Tver nezinye imihlobiso kukhona lezi nemizana kanye izikhumbuzo komlando futhi izakhiwo zalezi zindawo. Manje itholakala futhi izindawo zamasiko - lapho Philharmonic Society (Petersburg, Smolensk), lapho Academy of Art University (Ufa). E-Moscow izikhulu LoMhlangano ekwakheni iminyaka eminingi kuyinto House of Unions (kwakwaziwa ngaphansi lelo gama).

Maphakathi ekuphileni okungokwesiko nasemphakathini

Ingasaphathwa eyabantu indima eyadlalwa iNdlu Noble LoMhlangano kwamasiko kanye nokuphila emphakathini kokubili izihloko. I osaziwayo edume kakhulu uvele enkundleni yezindlu, amabhola enkulu kakhulu futhi shiny inikezwe lapha nabo. isakhiwo eMoscow lakhiwa edume kakhulu futhi ethandwa ngaleso sikhathi umakhi yasekhaya Matveem Fedorovichem Kazakovym, okuyinto lakhiwa lonke ngumgogodla ezikhungweni zomsebenzi edolobheni. izakhiwo ezintsha, kuhlanganise Indlu Noble LoMhlangano (e Moscow kwathiwa obizwa ngokomthetho ngokuthi iNdlu izikhulu), ngeminyaka yawo-isitayela classicism ekuseni, eyaziwa ngokuthi "palladianstva" (behlonipha umakhi-Italy Andrea Palladio).

Moscow House

Omunye sezakhiwo ezinhle kakhulu e Moscow, ise Okhotny Ryad, yayakhiwe kungakapheli 1755. Lona omunye izimpendulo embuzweni mayelana nokuthi iyiphi iNdlu Noble Assembly, okuyinto isikhathi fanele. Ngokusho kweminye imibhalo, umnikazi wakhe wokuqala isakhiwo, Prince VM Dolgorukov-Krymsky, owashona ngo-1754, bakha indlu ibe ngeyakhe. Kodwa ngemva Ukuhamba nezinye emhlabeni eMoscow izikhulu Association uthenga indlu enkulu izidingo zabo siqu, okungukuthi ukubamba imibuthano lapho. It zathuthelekela lapha phakathi nemikhosi emikhulu zonke izikhulu Russian. Kulapha babe edumile "Fair Umlobokazi 'owanikhipha ubabekazi Tatyana Larina.

Adume ngaso sonke isikhathi

Ikholomu Ehholo isakhiwo, elakhiwa eduze ezibiyele, futhi ezikhathini Soviet wayaziwa kulo lonke leli zwe, kodwa yini kule nkathi okhazimulayo Catherine, njengoba ngesikhathi Pushkin sika, nje ukushaya enkabeni yeRussia. Kwaba njalo eMoscow Indlu Noble LoMhlangano. Okwesikhathi esithile, kuba lesi sakhiwo, kunzima ukusho, ngoba ezishaya yasekuqaleni ke waqhubeka kwaze 1917, kodwa-ke, njengoba kuphawulwe ngenhla, akuyona isikhashana akazange ukubohla ukuphila. Lesi sakhiwo labetibambile eziningi emihlanganweni Umhlaba Chess Championship. Isihlahla sikaKhisimusi eHholo lamakholomu, aphethwe kusukela ngo-1935, ngaphandle ihaba, iye yaziwe zwe elikhulukazi. Singasho ukuthi naphezu ngenxa yalolu shintsho olukhulu kwamandla, kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, lapho kwakukhona Indlu Noble Assembly, futhi kuze kube namuhla kukhona izenzakalo ezibaluleke kakhulu futhi ezibalulekile. Enye yezintambo zokugcina olilayo umcimbi elihlobene ne umngcwabo Evgeniya Primakova.

INdlu Noble Omhlangano Northern Capital

Mhlawumbe ngenxa yokuthi lezi zindlu zazakhiwe kwabanye izenzakalo ezibalulekile kanye kwenjabulo, abazange nokufanayo edabukisayo ekubhujisweni la mavangeli. Lokhu kusebenza futhi isakhiwo owaziwa Petersburg, okuyinto manje iyisonto emhlabeni Concert abadumile Hall Conservatory Shostakovich - omunye zamasiko yeRussia. Lapho kwakukhona Indlu izikhulu LoMhlangano enhlokodolobha enyakatho, futhi obani yayakhiwe? Lesi sakhiwo, ingxenye Ensemble Arts Square, kwadalwa K. I. Rossi. Yakhelwe isakhiwo wezakhiwo Pol Zhako eminyakeni 1834-1839. Omunye izinzuzo main of lesi sakhiwo yisona ihholo umsindo okumangalisayo. Akumangalisi-ke yilona Philharmonic Hall. Zintathu phansi ekuqaleni lalinabashumayeli Petersburg LoMhlangano le-Noble House.

1901 Ufake umlando isakhiwo superstructure quadruple elisophahleni phansi, engaphezulu cornice ukuthweswa umqhele. Lokhu kabusha, okuyinto abathintekayo kanye ezitebhisini olukhulu ingaphandle wokwakha owenziwa wezakhiwo A. P. Maksimovym iphrojekthi V A. Shretera. Ngo 1948-49 (ngemva kwempi), wezakhiwo IG Kantsyug, owayehola umsebenzi wokuvuselela, abuyiselwe isakhiwo ngokuvumelana imidwebo K. I. Rossi.

Ngenkathi yamaSoviet

Lapho Indlu izikhulu Assembly yasungulwa Petersburg, eyayihloselwe iinhlangano wokuziphilisa, akekho owacabanga ukuthi isakhiwo empeleni iyokwaziwa ngisho emhlabeni wonke. Petersburg Philharmonic Society, wavula ngo-June 12, 1921, nokuduma akuyona kuphela inqubo okuyihlazo esimweni Metropolitan Benjamin, 86 Abapristi bobu-Orthodox, kodwa futhi ukusebenza olukhulu Seventh Symphony D. D. Shostakovicha kwakuzwakala lapha Agasti 9, 1942. Lo mklamo waba uphawu we ayenganqobeki ka nokuvinjelwa Leningrad. Iminyaka eminingi ikwaya yezinsimbi zomculo eyakhiwa eliholwa Yu. H. Temirkanov. V. Putin ebizwa ngokuthi Petersburg Philharmonic "namolennye indawo."