Indlela yokubhala inhlawulo ezincwadini: izibonelo, isakhiwo kanye nokuhlela kokubhala

Ngendlela yokuhlolisisa, izingane zesikole zanamuhla ziyakumenywa ukuba zibhale izinkomba ku-USE ngolimi lwesiRashiya kanye nezincwadi, futhi izinkampani eziningi zinikeza umncintiswano wemisebenzi efanayo ukuze bathole abasebenzi abasha. Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi izidingo zomsebenzi wabafundi ziphikisa ngokungafani nobubanzi behlobo. Kodwa noma yikuphi, udinga ukudlulisa ukuhlolwa, futhi indaba eyodwa ngaphezulu kule ndaba ngeke ibe yinto engafaneleki.

Okuthile nemicabango

Akukona okuncane noma okuncane, futhi eminyakeni engama-435 eyedlule uMontaigne wethula umqondo wenhlobo yendaba. Okhokho lwesiLatini laleli gama lihunyushwe ngokuthi "lilinganisa", futhi igama lesiFulentshi eliye lafika ngesiRussia linezincazelo eziningana: lisetshenziswe uma kuziwa enkulumweni, uhlaka, umzamo, okunye okuhlangenwe nakho kanye nokulingwa. Ngokusobala, lesi sigaba sinquma ukuthi uhlobo olusha lomsebenzi obhaliwe luvele esikoleni: inhlawulo yezinhlamvu ezincwadini noma ngolimi lwesiRussia.

ERussia, ukuhumusha okuqondile kwalolu hlobo kunikezwa emkhosini we-parody - "bheka nokuthile." I-Irony kulokhu ingaphezu kokufanelekile, ngoba akunakwenzeka ukuthi igama elingu- prose elincanyana lingabonakali ngaphandle kokubunjwa, ngokususelwa kumbono nomuntu siqu, okungenayo isimangalo somfanekiso ophelele wendaba.

Inkululeko ephelele ekuhambiseni izinto kanye nokukwazi ukuzwakalisa lokho kwenza ukuthi le nhloko ibe uhlobo oluthandwayo hhayi nje kuphela lokuhlola ulwazi namakhono abafundi, kodwa futhi njengenye yezinqubo ezichazayo ekukhetheni ama-cadres ezinhlanganweni ezihlukahlukene. Imiphumela yalolu sizo lokuhlola abaqashi abafuna ukubona abantu abadala abanemibono yabo eqenjini labo. Ngakho-ke, wonke umuntu kufanele afunde ukubhala inhlawulo ezincwadini. Izibonelo zomsebenzi ophumelelayo zizohlala zihamba kahle esikhathini esizayo.

Ububanzi bokuzibonakalisa

Ukubhala isichazamazwi kuthuthukisa amakhono okucabanga nokubhala okukhombisa ukuhlangenwe nakho nokuveza izingxabano zeziphetho. Izici zale hlobo:

- ukucabangela kuwo wonke umsebenzi wombuzo owodwa noma isihloko esithile; Akukho ukuhlaziywa kwezinkinga ezinkulu;

- umbhalo ususelwa ekuhlangenwe nakho kwakho kanye nokubonakala, ngakho-ke ukuchazwa okuphelele kwesihloko akunakwenzeka; Iziphetho zingabizwa ngokuthi umuntu ngamunye;

- inkulumo-essay ezincwadini iphakamisa igama elisha kunoma yisiphi isenzakalo, futhi, naphezu kombala ozithobayo, uhlobo lomsebenzi onjalo lungaba yinto ehlukahlukene (i-journalism-biographical, ifilosofi, i-fictional, i-literary-critic, i-journalists, isayensi ethandwayo);

- okubaluleke kakhulu emsebenzini walolu hlobo uhlobo lomlobi; Okuqukethwe kufanele kusekelwe emicabangweni yakhe, imizwa, umbono.

Izici zohlobo

Yiqiniso, inhlawulo yesikole ye-essay ayikwazi ukudingwa ukuba ihambisane ngokuqinile nazo zonke izimpawu zohlobo, kodwa ukwazi kwabo ngeke kulimaze.

1. Ivolumu elincane ngokomzimba. Endalweni yombhalo angaba kusuka ekhasini lezincwadi kuya eziningana eziyishumi nambili. Eminye amanyuvesi aseRussia, amakhasi angama-A4 angama-A4 wekhompyutha avunyelwe, futhi, isibonelo, ezimbili azikwazi ukudluliselwa eHarvard. Ukusebenza nokudlula kwe-USE kuzokwanela namagama angu-300.

2. Ukuphelela. Kwanele ukucabangela ngomsebenzi owodwa inkinga ukubhala inhlawulo yezinhlamvu ezincwadini. Izibonelo kufanele ziqinisekise umqondo oshiwo wokuthi uzokwenza ubunye obungaphakathi.

3. Khuluma nomngani. Yilokho umlobi womfundi wakhe okufanele akucabange ngakho, khona-ke kuyoba lula ukugwema ithoni eliqinile noma le- mentor, eliyinkimbinkimbi, elidideka okuyisisekelo sakhiwo. Uma ukholelwa abacwaningi benhlobo, khona-ke inkulumo enhle ingabhalwa kuphela umuntu onesihloko, futhi unikeze ukuthi ibalulekile kumlobi.

4. Ukuphazamiseka. Ukuhlanganiswa kwezitatimende ezizodwa, izitatimende ze-aphoristic nezincazelo, isici sezinto ezivela eceleni okungalindelekile - lokhu kuhambelana nemisebenzi yamakhosi, okuyiwona nalowo owamangala abafundi futhi abenze bacabange.

5. Ukungabi khona kohlaka oluhlelekile. Lolu hlobo alulaleli logical, konke kusekelwe ezinhlanganweni. Kodwa isimiso "konke okuzungezile" sidinga ukufunda, ngakho-ke izinhlobonhlobo zesikole ezincwadini, izibonelo zazo, uma zifunwa, zingatholakala futhi zifundwa, zisalokhu zilawulwa kancane.

6. I-journalism yengxoxo. Ukwethula umfundi njengomngane, kuyadingeka ukuthi ukhulume kalula, kodwa ukwesaba ithoni engenangqondo. Futhi, imishwana yethempulethi, i-slang, amagama afingqiwe ayivunyelwe. Kufanele kube ulimi lwesifiso esivuthayo sokuxoxa ngemicabango yakho.

Isakhiwo se-essay yesikole

Ngaphambi kokuqala umsebenzi kubalulekile ukunquma isihloko esiseduze nesimo sangaphakathi somlobi. Futhi ubeke umgomo wokubhala: yini ezoshiwo entsha ukufeza umsebenzi wendaba - ukuheha. Kungcono ukulinganisa ngokushesha ivolumu oyifunayo.

Njengoba sekushiwo ngenhla, imisebenzi yalolu hlobo ayinalo ukwakheka okuqinile noma okuyimpoqo - inkululeko nokucatshangelwa kucatshangwa. Kodwa, ngokukhuluma ngomsebenzi wabafundi, kubalulekile ukwenza isichibiyelo empilweni encane kanye nokuhlangenwe nakho kokufunda kwabantu abasha. Yiqiniso, badinga ukusekelwa, isampula isampula on izincwadi, ngakho izingane zesikole kungcono ukunikeza isakhiwo umbhalo okulindelekile:

- I-Theses (imicabango yomuntu siqu), njengomthetho, ibeka phambili ekuqaleni.

- Izimpendulo (ubufakazi) ziqinisekisa umbono womlobi. Njengengxabano ungasebenzisa amaqiniso awaziwayo, imicimbi, izenzakalo zokuphila komphakathi; Ukudweba okuhlangenwe nakho komuntu siqu noma imibono yokugunyaza yabososayensi nezibalo; Bheka emisebenzini yezinganekwane. Inombolo enhle yezimpikiswano yilezi ezimbili.

- Isingeniso sigxile kule nkinga, okuzoxoxwa ngayo.

- Isiphetho - umbono wombhali walowo mbandela.

Ukuze uhambisane nesakhiwo, kufanele ukhethe kahle izigaba. Ungakhohlwa ukuthi uhlobo lwe-essay ezincwadini alinakwenzeka ngaphandle kokuveza (imizwelo) kanye nobuciko (ukusetshenziswa kwezindlela zokufanisa). Ukuze wenze lokhu, kungcono ukhethe imisho elula, emifushane, ehlukile ekufundeni nasenkulumweni yezwi. Dash kuyo yonke iminyano inyunyana futhi engaphelele kuyosiza ukugwema verbosity.

Ukuhlukaniswa ngemvelo

Mhlawumbe, akukho sihloko lapho kungenakwenzeka ukubhala inhlawulo. Ububanzi bezinkombandlela kudinga indlela enengqondo. Ngakho, ukucabanga kungaba:

- Ngokomoya-zenkolo;

- ubuciko kanye nezindaba;

- Ukubhala okubalulekile;

- ifilosofi;

- ubuciko, umlando.

Imibono ngendlela

Noma yimuphi umqondo ungafakwa emvilophini yokubhala. Lokhu kuzokwenzela isithakazelo nokuhlelwa kwento encwadini. Izibonelo, ngendlela ongayibhala ngayo inhlawulo enjalo, ingafaka isisombululo esingavamile:

- uhlobo lwe-epistolary (incwadi);

- ukungena kwedayari (umcimbi ngokulandelana kwesikhathi);

- Isimiso esincane sama-Lyrical (incazelo);

- Ukubuyekeza (umbono okhono);

- inothi (isihloko kumaphephandaba).

Ukukhetha ngokusakaza

Uhlobo lwendaba lungaba:

- ukuhlaziywa (okwakhiwe ngokuhlaziywa);

- Okubalulekile;

- Ukuziphendulela (impendulo yomuntu siqu okuthile);

- Okulandelanayo;

- echazayo.

Kunezindlela ezimbili

Kubalulekile ukulungiselela ngokucophelela ukubhala izinhlayiyana ezincwadini, izihloko zazo ezinekhambi eliyinkimbinkimbi. Kuyini lokhu? Isibonelo, ukunikeza ukuhlolwa kwakho okucabangayo emithethweni yokuziphatha yomhlaba jikelele ukubhalela umsebenzi wokuziphendulela. Kulo msebenzi, izinhlangothi zombhali ziveziwe. Futhi uma lesi sihloko sidinga ukucubungula inkinga yesayense ekhona emisebenzini ethile yomsebenzi, khona-ke lokhu kufanele kube yinto eyinhloko engokomqondo, lapho indaba yocwaningo noma incazelo isisekelo, umbhali uyamlalela. Njengomthetho, esikoleni imisebenzi enjalo ibhaliwe ngezihloko zolimi noma zezifundo.

Imibuzo emibhalweni enikeziwe

Kuyafaneleka ukuhlala ngokubaluleka kokubhala umsebenzi wokugcina ohlelweni lokuhlolwa kolimi lwesiRussia. Lapha ungasebenzisa i-cliche ye-essay. Ngokusho kwezincwadi, kungcono ukugwema i-stencil emisebenzini. Ngakho-ke, e-United States State Exam kuRashiya kuyadingeka ukuthi ubhale i-opus encane kumbhalo onikeziwe. Futhi uma ukhumbule isakhiwo se-essay, khona-ke kukhona iphuzu elengeziwe: kubalulekile ukukhombisa isimo somlobi (umlobi odumile, isazi noma umbhali) futhi abonise isimo sakhe sengqondo kuso.

Lokhu okulandelayo kungakusiza:

• Nikeza ukuhlolwa;
• Thola ukuthi yikuphi okusemqoka (ukuthi yini);
• Yisho indlela yakho;
• Qhubekela phambili eqinisweni lokuthi;
• Ngokusekelwe ekuqondeni kwakho;
• Ukuhlukanisa imiqondo;
• Cabanga ngokusemthethweni;
• Qaphela;
• Ukufakazela ngokuqiniseka;
• Ukubona okusemqoka;
• Gcizelela ukubaluleka.

Indlela yokugwema amaphutha

Lowo obikezelwe uhlomile. Kufanelekile ukufunda izinhlawulo ezaziwayo ezincwadini, izibonelo zazo ezizoba yisibonelo. Inkululeko yobuhlobo ibonisa ukuklama okungenamkhawulo, kodwa ukwehluleka enkulumweni kuyonciphisa ukushayelwa komcabango.

1. Sihlola konke. Futhi hhayi nje isipelingi. Funda ngokuzwakalayo, ukuze uzwisise kangcono. Uma inkulumo isikhubekile - kusho, ukuphendulela okungaphumelelanga kuhlangene, futhi kudinga ukushintshwa. Akufanele kube khona izinkulumo ezingavamile.

2. Sizibonakalisa ngokuhlakanipha. Umqondo wendaba kufanele ube mhlophe, futhi akufanele kube mnandi kakhulu emifanekisweni eqinisekisa. Kuyinto ukuthungatha nokungaqondisani izingxabano ukunciphisa izinga lomsebenzi.

3. Susa okunye. Iphutha lesici isingeniso eside kakhulu noma ukubuyisela okuningiliziwe komsebenzi othathwe njengengxabano. I-Verbosity ithinta umcabango. Inhlawulo kufanele igxile emcimbini owodwa. Futhi imininingwane eyengeziwe kanye neziphazamiso ziyiphatha kabi.

4. Sikhuluma kancane. Ukulungiselela isingeniso ezincwadini futhi kufanele ufunde ukubhala imisho emifushane (lokhu akusho ukuthi kuphela elula futhi i-monosyllabic ekucatshangweni). Ukwakhiwa okwesikhathi eside eside akusizi umphumela womzwelo, kuvimbela ukuhlukaniswa kwesigaba. Kubalulekile ukusebenzisa iminyango yonke futhi ingaphelele.

5. Sibhala ngokucacile. Awudingi ukukhombisa ukukhishwa kwesayensi yakho ku-inthanethi. Umbhalo uhloselwe umngane womfundi, ngakho-ke akufanele kube khona amagama angaqondakali kuwo adinga ukubhekisela kumachazamazwi noma ama-encyclopedias.

Opus for the Chief

Uma umphumela we-essay yesikole ukuhlola, khona-ke indaba yokuncintisana yokuthola umsebenzi ingashintsha impilo yakho yonke, ngakho-ke udinga ukubhala njengomzamo wokugcina. Yonke imibono kufanele iphotshwe, ukuphikisana kwakha phezu kwemigomo yolwazi, futhi isitayela sesethulo asinakwenzeka. Futhi kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi lokhu akusiyo inhlawulo-isingeniso ezincwadini-izibonelo ezivela ematheksthini yobuciko azihambisani nalokhu lapha.

Amaphuzu abalulekile afisa umqashi:

- ukuhlolwa kwakho komuntu ngamunye;

- ikhono lokuveza imicabango ephepheni;

- izinga lokufunda nokubhala;

- ubuqotho nokuthembeka;

- ikhono lokuhleka nokuhleka;

- Umbono omuhle wokuphila.

Inhlobonhlobo encwadini ezithinta isihloko sempi

Izibonelo zemisebenzi yabanye abantu zingasetshenziswa kuphela ngenhloso yokuzijwayeza. Ukuzibandakanya ekuthunjweni kuyinto engabongiyo. Uma umuntu engabhala inhlawulo, kungani ungafundi ukwenza lokho? Okungenani qale kanje.

"Indaba kaVasyl Bykov" uSotnikov "ibhekwa njengomsebenzi kangako ngempi njengokukhetha komuntu. Kutholakala ngani? Ngempela, akunakwenzeka: esimweni esibucayi, ngaphambi kokunquma, omunye uthi: "Kumele ngenze lokho abazali bami abangifundise khona, ukuthi othisha bakhuphula kanjani, kungenjalo wonke umuntu uzongibheka njengomuntu omubi." Vumelana ukuthi lokhu akunakwenzeka. Ngikwazi ukucabanga ukuthi ukuziphatha okuhle kulungiswe impilo yonke yangaphambili. Kungokwemvelo kumuntu okwenza okuthandanayo phakathi kwama-apula amabili.

Nakhu lokhu - umgodi onama-loops amahlanu. Abantu abahlanu bagwetshwa ukufa: intombazana uBasya, uPeter osekhulile, unina wezingane ezintathu uDemkhakha kanye nabasongameli: Rybak noSotnikov. Ingabe babe nokuzikhethela ukuhlala bephila? Yebo. Ngemva kokubulawa, i-loop eyodwa izohlala ingenalutho. "

Kukhona isingeniso. Imfundiso yaqhubeka. Ukuphikisana kokuqala kuqalisiwe. Khona-ke ungakwazi ukuthembela kumaqiniso avela ekuphileni bese uqeda konke ngesiphetho.

I-essay kulula ukubhala uma unento yokukhuluma nokuhlanganyela.