Izifunda zaseSiberia: uhlu kanye nokubuka konke

I-Siberia ingenye yezifunda ezingavamile futhi ezinzima zeRussian Federation. Nansi uLwandle oludumile iBaikal, okulingana nalo lonke indawo elingana neNetherlands. Endaweni yayo itholakala nge-Vasyuganskoye bog - enkulu kakhulu emhlabeni wonke. Indawo yaseSiberia ingamamitha ayizigidi eziyizigidi ezingu-9.8. I-Km, okungaphezu kwengxenye yendawo yonke yaseRussia. Itholakala enyakatho-mpumalanga ye-Eurasia. Kuziphi izifunda insimu yayo enkulu ehlukaniswe?

Izifunda zaseSiberia: Uhlu

I-Siberia ihlanganisa izindawo ezilandelayo. Okokuqala, lezi yizi-republics: i-Altai, i-Buryatia, i- Sakha (i-Yakutia), iTyva, iKhakassia. Okwesibili, isifunda: i-Altai Territory, iTransbaikal, iKamchatka, iKrasnoyarsk, Primorsky, iKhabarovsk. Futhi futhi ukwahlukana okusemthethweni eSiberia kuhlanganisa izifunda: i-Irkutsk, i-Kemerovo, iNovosibirsk, i-Omsk, i-Tomsk ne-Tyumen.

Izifunda zaseSiberia ziyahlukahluka ezinkomba zendawo kanye nezesimo sezulu. Ngamunye wabo udinga ukucatshangelwa okuhlukile. Ngokuvamile, iSiberia ihlukaniswe yizindawo ezilandelayo: iSiberia EMpumalanga, iTransbaikalia, eMpumalanga Ekude yaseRussia naseNtshonalanga Siberia.

Insimu yaseWestern Siberia

Insimu engeyona encane iphinde ibe nezindawo zaseNtshonalanga Siberia. Lolu hlu luzobandakanya izindawo ezilandelayo: i-Altai Territory, i-Tyumen, i-Tomsk, i-Omsk, i-Novosibirsk, izifunda ze-Kemerovo, ingxenye yeKhakassia, kanye nesifunda sase-Kurgan. Enye yezindawo zasendulo kakhulu, eyakhiwa abantu abangaba yizigidi eziyizinkulungwane eziyi-1.5 edlule, yi-Altai. Ubude bayo kusukela entshonalanga kuya empumalanga cishe ngu-600 km. Lapha, imifula emikhulu kakhulu igeleza hhayi kuphela eRussia, kodwa evela emhlabeni wonke. Lezi yi-Ob, Biya, Katun, Charysh. Isibonelo, indawo ye-Ob basin ingu-70% we-Altai Territory.

Izifunda zaseSiberia: ingxenye esempumalanga

Insimu yaseMpumalanga Siberia ingeyomhlaba waseBuryatia, iTrans-Baikal Territory, iTraskoyarsk Territory, Isifunda sase-Irkutsk, kanye neTyva, iKhakassia, neYakutia. Ukuthuthukiswa kwalendawo kubuyele emuva ekhulwini le-18. Khona-ke, ngaphansi kwesimiso sikaMbusi Peter I ensimini yeKhakassia yanamuhla, kwakhiwa ijele. Lesi sikhathi, okungukuthi 1707, kuthathwa njengosuku lokufakwa kweRiphabhliki yaseKhakassia ensimini yeRussia. Abantu bendawo, abakwaRussia abathola eSiberia, babengama-shamans. Babekholelwa ukuthi yonke indawo ikhona emimoya ekhethekile.

IRiphabhlikhi yaseBuryatia nenhloko-dolobha yayo edolobheni lase-Ulan-Ude ibhekwa njengenye yezindawo ezivelele kakhulu eSiberia. Kunezintaba ezinkulu zezintaba lapha - izintaba zithatha indawo ezine indawo yesifunda. Ingxenye ebalulekile emngceleni weBuryat ugijima endaweni yaseBaikal.

I-Sakha Republic, ngesayizi, yavela zonke izifunda zaseSiberia naseMpumalanga Ekude. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-Yakutia futhi isifunda esikhulu kunazo zonke saseRussia. Amaphesenti angaba ngu-40 ensimu yawo atholakala ngaphesheya kwe-Arctic Circle. Mayelana ne-80% yensimu yase-Yakutia yi-taiga.

Izifunda ze-Omsk neTomsk

Idolobha eliyinhloko yesifunda sase-Omsk yi-Omsk. Ezindaweni, le ndawo iyindawo ephansi yezwekazi. Lapha kukhona amahlathi e-taiga, ama-steppes nama-steppes. Ihlathi linendawo engaba ngu-24% yendawo yonke yesifunda. Insimu yesifunda saseTomsk enezikhungo edolobheni laseTomsk enye yezinto ezingenakufinyeleleka. Phela, iningi lalo limelelwa amahlathi e-taiga. Kunenqwaba yezinhlawulo zemithombo yemvelo eyigugu: amafutha, igesi, izinsimbi kanye ne-peat.

Izifunda zeTyumen naseNovosibirsk

Isifunda saseTyumen sisendaweni ehlala phansi. Ngokuqondene nendawo yayo phakathi kwezifundo zokuphatha zaseRussia, itholakala endaweni yesithathu, ezindaweni ezihlala e-arctic, tundra nase-forest-tundra. Lapha kukhona amakhemikhali amakhulu e-oyile negesi eRussia. Isifunda saseNovosibirsk sidume ngemifula yaso. Kunemifula engaba ngu-350 ensimini yayo, kanye nomthamo omkhulu wamanzi - Ob. Kukhona namachibi angaphezu kuka-3 000 lapha. Isimo sezulu saseNovosibirsk yisifundazwe. Kwaqala ukuhlalwa ngabameleli bezizwe ezingamaMongoloid eminyakeni engama-7th-6th. BC. E.

I-Transbaikalia

Izifunda zaseSiberia ziyamangalisa ngobuhle bazo ngakho-ke zihlala zikhangele izivakashi. Enye yezindawo ezinjalo yiTrans-Baikal Territory. Itholakala enyakatho naseningizimu-mpumalanga yeLwandle iBaikal. Isikhungo salo ngumuzi waseChita. Nazi izinkathi ezide kakhulu futhi ezinzima, kanti inkathi efudumele, ngokuphambene nalokho, iyashesha.

EMpumalanga Ekude nase-Western Siberia

EMpumalanga Ekude kunengxenye enkulu yemifula yaseRussia, emilonyeni yawo iqhubekela ePacific Ocean. Lapha uhlala kuphela ngo-5% wabantu baseRussia. Ngezinye izikhathi isifunda saseTransbaikalia siphinde sithunyelwe kule nsimu. Njengoba izifunda zaseSiberia ziyaziwa ngobukhulu bawo, ngokuvamile kuvame ukuphikisana ngokuhlukana kwamazwe awo.

I-Western Siberia isendaweni enkulu eNtshonalanga yeSiberia eSiberia. Indawo yayo ingamamitha ayizigidi eziyizigidi ezingu-2.6. I-Km. Emkhawulweni wawo futhi kunomlando omkhulu wemithombo yemvelo - amaminerali. Kunamabridi angu-2 000 omfula lapha.