Imisebenzi kwezomnotho we WTO

World Trade Organization - inhlangano yamazwe ngamazwe waziphatha angaphandle commerce iziqondiso emazweni ilungu. Yaqalwa ngo ekuseni 1995., WTO misebenzi ifaka nekucaphela kusetjentiswa yesivumelwano jikelele yamanani futhi ukuhweba (GATT). Amalungu ayo kuhlanganisa emazweni angaphezu kuka-150. Indlunkulu we-World Trade Organization, elise -Geneva (Switzerland).

Ufanelekele-kuya WTO kungenzeka ihleli ezweni ngokungemthetho alawule ngamazwe umsebenzi kwezomnotho , ngokulandelana, imigomo ye-Uruguay Round Izivumelwano. Inqubo ye Isingeniso-World Trade Organization kuyinto ibuthaka futhi eside, kuthatha iminyaka engaba ngu-5. Ekuqaleni uzifunde ngokucophelela umnotho kanye ukuhweba Inqubomgomo isimo, kulandele izingxoxo izinzuzo ukubambisana ukubusa wezwe kuya WTO, emakethe, isivumelwano kufinyelelwe futhi abulawe imibhalo. Ubulungu ikhokhelwa ngokuvumelana yamanani ka-General Council.

Phuma yesivumelwano ngeke kube nzima yiliphi izwe: ngqo uMqondisi-Jikelele ukuze uhambise isaziso esibhaliwe nesifiso ukushiya WTO. Ngemva kwezinyanga eziyisithupha kusukela osukwini isaziso iphela umphumela ubulungu enhlanganweni. Nokho, izehlakalo isifiso sokuqeda isivumelwano sokubambisana emlandweni inhlangano akukenzeki.

Imisebenzi esemqoka ye-WTO:

• ukuqapha izinqubomgomo kwezentengiselwano oyilungu;
• ukuqapha nokulandela imibandela Uruguay Round Izivumelwano nezinye izivumelwano phakathi WTO oyilungu;
• inhlangano nokusekelwa izingxoxo kwezentengiselwano inhlangano;
• nokunikeza ulwazi wombuso aid ngaphakathi WTO Uhlelo ngohlaka;
• nokubambisana nezinhlangano zamazwe ngamazwe ukuze aqinise Inqubomgomo ukuhweba;
• usizo ekuxazululeni yiziphi izingxabano.

Injongo nemisebenzi WTO - ukunwetshwa nenkululeko emnothweni wezwe ngenqubo ukulungisa iphutha ngokunciphisa yamanani phezu imisebenzi nokungenisa, ukuqedwa imikhawulo kanye izithiyo. Association of ukuphila Izingqapheli: UN, IMF, i-OECD, UNCTAD, WIPO, nabanye abaningi.

WTO lenkomfa iphethwe yi- abamele amazwe iqhaza ezingeni likangqongqoshe. Imihlangano ngezikhathi kanye njalo eminyakeni emibili. Babexoxa ukuthi yiziphi izindaba ezisasele eziphathelene nemisebenzi ye-WTO futhi ezibhekwa abafundela ukubusa lesi sivumelwano. Engqungqutheleni, zonke izinqumo usufinyelelwe ngekuvumelala. In the ukungabikho ngazwilinye isinqumo avunyelwe ivoti, lapho ummeleli wombuso ilungu ngalinye unelungelo lokuthathwa njengomsulwa nevoti elilodwa. Imibhalo, izinqumo, izivumelwano kanye izivumelwano enhlanganweni elotshiwe ngezilimi ezintathu: isiNgisi, iSpanishi, isiFulentshi.

Kudinga ukuhambisana namazinga omhlaba-kuya WTO imithetho ukuhweba eyasungulwa abahlanganyeli. Kuyadingeka ukudala izimo for yezohwebo phakathi kwamazwe, olawula ubudlelwano emakethe e izingxoxo. Izindaba ezivamile kuxoxwa ngqo phakathi kwenhlangano, kanye nabo bonke ababambe iqhaza.

Ukudalwa emakethe enkulu kwezomnotho eRussia-WTO yathatha iminyaka engaba ngu-17. Ngo-1993, isicelo senziwa ukuxhuma kwi-GATT, futhi kusukela ngo-1995, i-Russian Federation uye wembula nesifiso sokuzenza lezi zinto-World Trade Organization. A Ikhomishini yasungulelwa ukufunda Russian ukuhweba umkhakha, okwakubekelwa wahlanganyela yokusesha amatemu letihlomulisa wokubambisana.

Kwakukhona nobunzima ukulungisa imithetho ngokuvumelana nezindinganiso Trade Organization. Kudingeka ukuvula emakethe kwamanye amazwe, ukulungisa intela, ukucacisa uxhaso kwi zokuthumela impahla kanye izinto zokusetshenziswa, ukuhlinzeka ukwesekwa isimo womkhakha wezolimo. Yenza inkambo ukuguqulwa komnotho, olwenziwa izingxoxo eside amazwe ukhathazekile. Russia kokujoyina WTO okwenzekile ehlobo lika-2012. Nokho, kuze kube manje, abahlaziyi Russian ungacabangi ezifana umfelandawonye njengoba win esibanzi yezwe futhi ukubikezela okuvela kuyo izinkinga ezithile umnotho Russian.