Engel Curves usizo zezomnotho yesimanje ukuhlola ekushintshashintsheni ukubaluleka funa esekelwe iholo.
Ernst Engel
Ernst Engel kuyinto kummeleli isizwe, okuyinto, ngokwenkolelo edumile, kubhekwa ababecophelela kakhulu futhi ngobuqotho eYurophu. Ngokusho izifundo zakhe, kwaba noSozibalo, Economist futhi isazi sezokuhlalisana kwabantu ngokwengxenye. Okujabulisayo nalezi wesayensi eyamenza wakwazi hhayi kuphela ukwenza umnikelo obalulekile ekuthuthukiseni isayensi yezibalo, kodwa futhi ukuvula ukusetshenziswa amaphetheni kuncike engenayo emndenini, okwakunginika isizathu ukwakha Engel Curves. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi usosayensi Prussian, ebambe isikhundla Umqondisi Bureau of Statistics e Berlin, kwaba nongoti kunokuba a umhlaziyi. Ngakho-ke, umthetho kanye Engel ijika uvele empirically, ngenxa uphenyo eside okuqukethwe amabhajethi imikhaya zokusebenza kunalokho abampofu futhi abameleli amakilasi acebile. Nakuba u-Ernst akawasebenzisanga emsebenzini wabo amasheduli, kodwa eyakhelwe yesimanje zezomnotho imisebenzi ngesisekelo umthetho wakhe yase yaziwa ngokuthi "Engel ijika."
I izinhlobo zezimpahla ngokuvumelana Engel
Ukuhlola izindleko zemikhaya lengenako ezahlukene, Engel kunemibandela ihlukaniswe yonke imikhiqizo zaba ngamaqembu amathathu. Eyokuqala wathatha okusemqoka, ngokuvamile yekhwalithi ephansi futhi ezishibhile. Nge nesidingo esikhulayo lokhu kuwa imikhiqizo imali, ukuthi, abathengi esikhundleni sawo izinga ngaphezulu. Isigaba sesibili sihlanganisa izinto kwezimpahla, ukusetshenziswa okuyinto ayikashintshi noma lenyuka nge semali ukwanda. Lokhu imikhiqizo ephezulu, wonke lamakhono abalulekile ukuze khona evamile, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi umkhaya enhlalakahleni. Ngokwesibonelo, izithelo nemifino, okusanhlamvu, ubisi njalo njalo. Iqembu lesithathu kwezimpahla, wathola izimpahla igama ikhodi sokunethezeka, wathatha izimpahla, ngaphandle ongakwenza, kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo babe isimo ukubaluleka ezibalulekile, egcizelela isikhundla elalihlala umuntu noma umndeni emphakathini. Njengoba Bathi, ukuhlangabezana izingubo ...
Kuyaqina isidingo esekelwe iholo
Ngakho, ekunqumeni umphumela imali ku ukufunwa ezithile izinhlobo zezimpahla kanye namasevisi e emnothweni yesimanje usebenzisa Engel Curves. Kuyinto kuyaqina isidingo umkhiqizo ngenzuzo ezithile. Okungukuthi, singabona kanjani ngokushintsha ukufunwa tinhlobo letitsite kwezimpahla kuye izinguquko engenayo umthengi. Engel ijika sikhombisa omuhle kuyaqina isidingo ngokwandisa imali izinto zokunethezeka nemibi - ku yekhwalithi ephansi izimpahla. Kulomcimbi izinga izimpahla ezidingekayo ukuze umsebenzi evamile ekuphileni komkhaya, kuyaqina lapho lincane kakhulu. Ecabanga imithetho ebulula, izinhlelo umakhi ukuthi umkhiqizo udinga ukudala futhi lapho ingxenye yabantu bakhona ngendlela ethabisa uZimu.
Ukwakhiwa Engel ijika
Ukuze ukwakha Engel ijika, udinga ukuthatha ovundlile Ukudidiyela-eksisi inhlalakahle umndeni ikhono umthengi yayo, futhi mpo - by ukubaluleka isibalo sempahla ethengwayo. Uma sibhekene ongewona nokunwebeka ngaphansi into engenayo, okungukuthi, eliphezulu essentials ke ijika oluphakeme flat. Lokhu kusho ukuthi nenani izimpahla akusho ukwandisa hhayi ngokulingana ukukhula ngezimali. Phela, umkhaya, nsuku zonke ibusa izinkwa ezimbili, kangiyikudla isinkwa, ngisho noma ngeke wandise inhlalakahle yayo. Inkomba okwandisa isabelomali umndeni abami ku izimpahla okunethezeka iyokhula futhi unethemba ngokwanele. Ijika izimpahla eliphansi ikhula ngezinga elithile, inqobo nje uma imali umndeni akusho eqophelweni ngeke ithuba esikhundleni yekhwalithi ephansi izimpahla eziqinile. Khona-ke ijika iqala ukuna. Ngakho, Engel Curves ukukhombisa ezahlukene ukuziphatha kwabathengi mayelana nezinhlobo ezithile izimpahla kuye umholo.
Okusho Engel Ucwaningo
Yiqiniso, i-Engel umthetho has okuhlukile yayo, futhi ayikwazi ufanelekele imigomo ecacile for yimuphi umthengi. Kunabantu esanele ocebile abakhetha ukuba ziphile ngesizotha kakhulu, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi side kangakanani ukuzuza. Nokho Engel ijika ikhombisa iphethini lokukhula ukufunwa uhlobo ahlukene kwezimpahla kuye ukunyuselwa noma kuyancipha nengeniso abathengi njengoba inani eliyisilinganiso njengesibonelo yokuziphatha ngoba iningi. Ukusetshenziswa Its kwenza kube nokwenzeka ukubikezela ukuthuthukiswa kwemikhakha eyehlukene yomnotho kanye izinguquko ukufunwa lezimpahla. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, Engel etholakala ifomula ukuthi inquma lizinga lebuphuya belive umndeni. Uma ngaphezu kwesigamu nengeniso ibhajethi umndeni ichithwa ukudla, kuphephile ukukhuluma mayelana ezingeni eliphansi ukuphila kwakhe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, wakwazi ukuphinde ekholisayo ukufakazela ukuthi imindeni edla imbuya ngothi, ukunakekela isinkwa ukudla kwemihla ngemihla, ungachithi imali namandla ukuze uthuthukise ukuthuthukiswa yakho engokomoya, okuyinto kunciphisa kakhulu amathuba indlela yabo yokuphila ngezingoma jikelele.