I TU-160: ezibekiweko lobuchwepheshe, incazelo

Ngokushesha ngemva kwempi yezwe yesibili kwakukhona khona ukwabiwa olukhulu ayezozibusa emhlabeni. Esikhathini-yalolucwaningo 50 ekhulwini elidlule leminyaka, kwakhiwa lempi ezimbili Bloc NATO kanye Warsaw Pact atheleka amazwe ukuthi eminyakeni eyalandela kwakumane okushayisanayo ukuqhubeka. "IMpi Yomshoshaphansi", olwakhiwa ngesikhathi, noma ngasiphi isikhathi, ungase senyukele ukungqubuzana ezivulekileyo ezingenaso ngabe yaphela okungakhethi empini yenuzi.

Yokuncipha kokubaluleka umkhakha

Yiqiniso, ezimweni ezinjalo ayikwazanga ukuqala i uhlanga izingalo, lapho noyedwa abadlali ayengenakuvumela lokusalela emuva yayo. Ngasekuqaleni kwawo-60-yalolucwaningo zaseSoviet Union ngaphandle kokuphazanyiswa wakwazi ukuthola phambili emkhakheni missile izikhali amasu, kuyilapho US ngokucacile isahola ngu nangohlobo lwezinto izindiza imiphumela yesikhathi eside ezayo zezindiza. Kube silinganiso lempi.

Ukufika Khrushchev okwengeziwe senze isimo sishube. He is kangaka uyakuthanda missile ubuchwepheshe, okuyinto kuyimpande "ababulewe?" Imibono eminingi ethembisa emkhakheni wezikhali ezivamile futhi ekuhlaseleni zamasu. Khrushchev babekholelwa ukuthi bangcono hhayi kakhulu isidingo wase-USSR. Ngenxa isimo 70s lapho sasinethuba kuphela ubudala-T-95 namanye imishini. Lezi izindiza, ngisho ngombandela, eyasehlula ukuthuthukiswa Amathuba isitha uhlelo emoyeni ukuzivikela.

Yiziphi missile amasu?

Yiqiniso, khona arsenal enamandla zenuzi missile ukusebenza kwakwanele ukuqinisekisa emhlabeni kuphela kungenzeka sisebenzise imangalo isixwayiso noma simane 'ukusikisela "yesitha phezu undesirability we zokulandelisa kwakungeyona.

Isimo engangibhekene naso kakhulu kangangokuthi ekugcineni abaholi bezwe wayesiqaphela isidingo sokuhlala a webhomu entsha zamasu. iqala Ngakho indaba edumile Tu-160, Ukucaciswa zazo ezichazwe kulesi sihloko.

Onjiniyela

Ekuqaleni zonke imisebenzi eyabelwe ukubhekana Sukhoi futhi myasishchev. Kungani, kulolu hlu iDemo akubandakanyi Tupolev edume? Kulula: ukuphathwa kwenkampani kwaba ingajabule Khrushchev, yena owayesevele ephethwe zichithe imisebenzi eminingana ethembisa. Ngenxa yalokho, Khrushchev futhi kakhulu kahle ngokufanele ukuba "ngobuciko" umakhi. Ngamafuphi, Tupolev kwaba "asihlobene."

Ngasekuqaleni kwawo-70-yalolucwaningo kwekhulu elidlule bonke abadlali ethulwa imiklamo yabo. Dry embukisweni obala M-4. Umshini umxhwele, ezithinta ukusebenza kwayo. Ububi kwenziwe ngaphandle izindleko: phela umnyuziki titanium izindlu eqolo kodwa ukwenza uma befuna. Edo Myasishcheva esemnika M-18 yalo. Ngenxa yezizathu ezingaziwa, lapho kwakuhlangene Tupolev nge "Project 70".

Emncintiswaneni Winner

Ngenxa yalokho, sikhetha Sukhoi. iphrojekthi Myasishcheva kwaba design kanye Homely futhi Tupolev kusengathi zonke ukuba kancane reworked kwendiza yabantu abangekho. Futhi ke kwaba khona le Tu-160, ogama Ukucaciswa kuthiwa ngithuthumela drive endaweni isitha ezingaba? Lapha kulapho kungena khona kumnandi iqala.

Kusukela Sukhoi Design Bureau yake evamile ukubandakanya iphrojekthi entsha (lapho ukudala nje Su-27), futhi myasishchev ngasizathu simbe isuswe (kukhona ongaqinisekile abaningi ngokuvamile), iphepha le-M-4 wanika Tupolev. Nazi kukhona nje futhi awawazisanga kunjalo titanium futhi sebephendukela kuya inyumbazane - M-18 phrojekthi. Nguye Wawugujelwani Umklamo "White Swan". By the way, leSupersonic amasu webhomu-webhomu nge variable shanela iphiko, ngokuvumelana NATO nokuqoshwa, yigama ehluke ngokuphelele - Blackjack.

Ukucaciswa Eziyisisekelo

Nokho, kungani abadumile kanjalo TU-160? izici Technical indiza siyakhazimula kangangokuthi ngisho ezikhathini zanamuhla imoto akubukeki njenge "kwakudala" ngezinga kancane. Yonke idatha main sikunikeze ethebuleni, ngakho-ke qiniseka ungakwenza lokhu.

Akumangalisi kakhulu ukubukeka Tu-160, izici lobuchwepheshe zazo echazwe esihlokweni, kwaba isimanga ezingemnandi kakhulu amandla amaningi aseNtshonalanga. Yona futhi le ndiza (sicabangela refueling) can 'ngiyacela' ukubukeka kwabo cishe kunoma yiliphi izwe. By endleleni ekukhulumeni, ezinye angaphandle abamemezeli umshini okuthiwa i-D-160. Imininingwane - kuhle, kodwa lokho ngempela ayehlome ngezibhamu "White Swan"? Akukhona ubumnandi uhambo njengoba sidalwe?!

Ulwazi mayelana ukwakhiwa kwezikhali ukuqhuma kwamabhomu

Standard kwezikhali mass okuyinto zingafakwa ku linezingxenye ngaphakathi fuselage, kuyinto 22.500 amakhilogramu. Emacaleni angakajayeleki uelichit lezi zibalo-40 wamathani (leli nani liphindeke eboniswe kuthebula). Isibalo izingalo kuhlanganisa (ukuqala ezimbili PU izilungiselelo) ka-drum uhlobo, okungase ezicitshwayo yezwekazi futhi amasu KR X-55 futhi X-55M. Ngamanye PU imigqomo emibili 12 aeroballistic X-SD-15 (M = 5.0).

Ngakho, izici Tactical futhi technical indiza TU-160 basikisela ukuthi emva sesimanje yale mishini siyoma ibutho lethu has iminyaka engaphezu kweshumi.

Kwangathi ukulayishwa nge zenuzi missile warhead futhi okungezona zenuzi, Kab zonke izinhlobo engenzeka (kufika ku-CC-1500). Iminyango ibhomu kungenziwa aboshelwe amabhomu ezivamile futhi yenuzi nasezimayini izinhlobo ezahlukene. Okubalulekile! Ngaphansi fuselage ingafakwa booster "Burlak", esetshenziselwa yokuqalisa ukukhanya iziphuphutheki. Ngakho, Tu-160 is a real "inqaba flying", ayehlome ukuze ukwazi ukubulala ambalwa kwamanye amazwe naphakathi e indiza olulodwa.

amandla plant

Manje ake ukhumbule lokho ibanga onganqoba kulo mshini. Kule ndaba, ngokushesha kuphakamisa umbuzo wokuthi izinjini, sibonga ngalo umhlaba wonke uyazi izici Tu-160. Idelakufa Strategic and lona liye laba yitshe into eyingqayizivele, kusukela ekuthuthukisweni kwesistimu yayo ngamandla eyingoduso hhayi nganoma KB, elaba nesandla ukwakhiwa izindiza.

Ekuqaleni kuhlelwe ukuba sisetshenziswe njengesigungu sokufaka injini NK-25, cishe ngokuphelele ezifanayo nalezo owawuzoba efakwe Tu-22MZ. Yokudonsa ukusebenza izici ukuba kwakuwumsebenzi ngempela eyanelisayo, kuphela petrol okudingekayo ukuze enze okuthile ngalo, njengoba cishe noma yikuphi izindiza InterContinental ne 'isifiso "ayikwazanga ngisho baphupha. Ngenxa ukubona lokho okuye kwafezwa ukusebenza high rocket yenethiwekhi TU-160, ngo-nokumanje njengelinye lamazwe amathangi ubhedu emhlabeni?

Lapho benza injini entsha?

Ngaso nje leso sikhathi Design Bureau, eliholwa ND Kuznetsov, sekuqalile ukuklama ngokuyinhloko entsha jet injini NK-32 (idaliwe esekelwe onobuhle kakade ezimisiwe HK-144, HK-144A). Ngokuphambene, entsha isimiso sokutshuza kufanele kudle fuel kakhulu kancane. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kwakuhlelwe ukuthi ingxenye ebalulekile yesifunda kuzothatha injini NK-25, okwakuyoholela ukwehlisa izindleko zokukhiqiza.

Lapha kumelwe ikakhulukazi yisho yokuthi indiza ngokwako akusona ezishibhile. Okwamanje, izindleko eyodwa balinganiselwa ku ruble 7.5 bhiliyoni. Ngakho, ngesikhathi lapho le moto ethembisa nje wadala, kuwufanele nakakhulu. Yingakho yayakhiwe izindiza 32 kuphela, futhi uhlangothi ngalunye lwalunamandla igama lalo, hhayi ikamelo ibhodi nje.

Tupolev Ochwepheshe ngokushesha wagxuma lapho nje kuvela ithuba, njengoba iwalondoloze kusukela izinkinga eziningi eziye saphakama eziningi imizamo ukushintsha injini lapho Tu-144 ubudala. Ngakho, isimo yaxazululwa bazizuzise wonke umuntu: i-Tu-160 kwadingeka i powerplant esihle KB Kuznetsova - a okuhlangenwe nakho okulusizo. Ngokwakhe Tupolev ithole isikhathi esengeziwe okungase sisetshenziselwe ukuthuthukisa nezinye izinhlelo ezibalulekile.

Ngesisekelo fuselage

Ngokungafani nezinye izingxenye eziningi kwesakhiwo, iphiko "White Swan" wathola kusukela Tu-22M. Cishe zonke izingxenye iyafana ikhipha umehluko kuphela iyona ngemoto namandla kakhulu. Cabanga ngendaba ekhethekile izindiza ezahlukene TU-160. Imininingwane spars ahlukile kulelo babezomhlamuka eziyisikhombisa nje panel Monolithic, abese elengiswa amayunithi isikhungo-ugongolo. Eqinisweni, emhlabeni wonke lesi sakhiwo futhi lakhe "sakha" lonke fuselage.

Ugongolo emaphakathi wenziwe titanium okuhlanzekile, njengoba nje le nto uyakwazi ukumelana nalezo imithwalo, okuyinto ngesikhathi indiza kungaphansi izindiza esiyingqayizivele. By endleleni ekhuluma, ukukhiqizwa yayo iye ngokukhethekile athuthukile inqubo electron ugongolo Welding esimweni hlangothi, okuyinto namanje kunzima kakhulu futhi inqubo eqolo, ngisho ngaphandle ukusetshenziswa titanium.

wings

Ukuthuthukiswa iphiko ne-geometry variable yemishini lokhu ubukhulu nesisindo bekulokhu umsebenzi kakhulu ze-non-eziwubala. Ubunzima waqala kakade neqiniso lokuthi indalo yayo kwakudingekile ukuba ngokuyinhloko ukushintsha bacishe bayifunda yonke ubuchwepheshe ukukhiqizwa. Uhlelo State umkhankaso ngqo le njongo, ephethwe P. V Dementev.

Ukuze kha ngokwanele ngasiphi izikhundla iphiko lift amandla kuyinto ngempela ubuciko bomklamo yayisetshenziswa. Isici esiyinhloko kwaba okubizwa ngokuthi "emikhulu". Okubizwa ngokuthi uhlangothi enezinto, okungase abaphambuki, uma kunesidingo, ukusiza izindiza ukuthenga kukhukhula egcwele. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uma kushintshwa i-geometry iphiko kuba "emikhulu" wawubumba ukuhamba kalula phakathi izici fuselage, ekunciphiseni emoyeni ukumelana.

Ngakho ukuthi indiza TU-160, izici Tactical futhi technical okuyinto ziyaqhubeka mangaza ngisho namuhla, ukweleta kakhulu isivinini yayo ngokunembile le mininingwane.

umsila-indiza

Ngokuphathelene stabilizers umsila, kowamanqamu wesifunda Abaklami oyikhethile ukusebenzisa keel ezimbili-piece. Isisekelo kuyinto ephansi, ingxenye fixed, esiboshwe ngqo isimame. I engavamile walesi design wukuthi phezulu kwalo ongasanyakazi ngokuphelele. Kungani lo wenze oku? Futhi isikhala elinganiselwe kakhulu njengoba elektrogidrousiliteli uphawu, kanye actuators for deflecting ingxenye umsila.

Lokho uvele Tu-160 (Blackjack). Incazelo nezici technical ukunikeza umqondo kuhle lokhu imoto eyingqayizivele, okuyinto empeleni bangaleso sikhathi iminyaka embalwa nje. Namuhla, lezi izindiza ithuthukiswe ngaphansi isimiso esikhethekile: Lesi kuba ingxenye enkulu zikagesi ongasasebenzi, navigation systems nezikhali. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kukhuphuke injini ukuphila.