I-Austrian Economist Friedrich Hayek: A Biography, imisebenzi, izinkolelo kanye nezincwadi

Friedrich-August von Hayek - kuyinto Economist Austria futhi British sefilosofi. Wavikela izithakazelo liberalism classical. Ngo-1974 wathola uMklomelo KaNobel ngenxa umbhanqwana Gunnar Mirdelom ngoba "umsebenzi ukuphayona ngo-mbono yokuziphendukela imali futhi ... ukuhlaziya okujulile kokudingana imihlola ethinta ezomnotho, yesikhungo." Hayek ngokuthi kummeleli izikole Austria futhi Chicago. impumelelo yakhe eyinhloko - kuba inkinga sibalo kwezomnotho, catallactics theory ehlakazekile ulwazi, isiginali intengo, ukuze ngesikhathi osithandayo, Hayek imodeli, Hebb.

ulwazi olujwayelekile

Friedrich Hayek kwaba umhlaziyi abalulekile yezenhlalakahle sefilosofi zezombusazwe kwekhulu XX. observation yakhe mayelana nendlela ukushintsha amasignali intengo abantu imininingwane ebalulekile ebasiza ukuba Ukudidiyela izinhlelo zabo, kwaba impumelelo obaluleke kakhulu emnothweni wezwe. Hayek nengxenye kweMpi Yezwe Yokuqala, futhi akushilo ngokuphindaphindiwe ukuthi lesi senzakalo idale kuye isifiso sokuba zibe nososayensi lusize abantu ukuba bagweme amaphutha aholela eNkathini izimpi ezilwiwa ngezikhali. Phakathi nokuphila kwakhe, uJesu wayevame washintsha indawo yakhe yokuhlala. Friedrich Hayek wasebenza e-Austria, e-UK, USA naseJalimane. Yena wayengumbulali onguprofesa ILondon School of Economics, eChicago University of Fribourg. Ngo-1939, Hayek unikwe yisakhamuzi British. Ngo-1984 waba ilungu Order of Knights of Udumo umamukeli lokuqala Hans Martin Schleyer Prize. Isihloko sakhe "Ukusetshenziswa kolwazi emphakathini" kwahlanganiswa amabili phezulu, esanyatheliswa kumagazini i-The American Economic ukubuyekeza iminyaka 100 kuqala khona.

biography

Friedrich Hayek wazalelwa e Vienna. Uyise wayengudokotela kanye Nomlayezo Wokufundisa Ngokuvakasha UProfesa Botany eyunivesithi yendawo. umama Hayek wazalwa emndenini ocebile abanikazi bamazwe. Ngaphandle Frederick, lo mbhangqwana kwadingeka nezinye indodana ezimbili (abasebasha 1.5 5 iminyaka kuka kuye). Bobabili Umkhulu Hayek babe izazi. Wakhe umzala wesibili ohlangothini komama kwaba sefilosofi esidumile Ludwig Vittgenstayn. Konke lokhu babeba nethonya elikhulu kubantu kukhethwa ezinehuha usosayensi esizayo. Ngo-1917, uFriedrich Hayek bajoyine ibutho wezikhali ebuthweni Austro-Hungarian ngezihluthu Italy. Wayelethwa ukhishwa isibindi lwakhe phakathi nempi.

Ngo-1921 futhi ngo-1923 wamela PhD yakhe eMthethweni futhi Political Science. Ngo-1931 waqala ukusebenza ngesikhathi ILondon School of Economics. Ngokushesha eyaduma. Futhi mayelana Hayek kukhulunywa ngalo njengoba theorists main ekukhuleni komnotho wezwe. Ngemva eJalimane lalibuswa amaNazi, wanquma ukuthatha yisakhamuzi British. Eminyakeni 1950-1962 wayehlala e-United States. Ngemva kwalokho, wathuthela eJalimane. Nokho, Hayek wahlala isihloko British ngaphambi kokuphila kwakhe. Ngo-1974 wathola uMklomelo KaNobel. Lo mcimbi bamlethela ethandwa nakakhulu. Phakathi nalo mkhosi, wahlangana ne ophikisana nenqubo kahulumeni Russian Aleksandrom Solzhenitsynym. Khona-ke wathumela kuye inguqulo yakhe edumile ethi kakhulu, "Indlela Eya Serfdom."

ukuphila Siqu

Ngo-August 1926, uFriedrich Hayek washada uHelen Berte Marii von Fritsch. Bahlangana emsebenzini. Lo mbhangqwana saba nezingane ezimbili, kodwa they valekile ngo-1950. Ngemva kwamasonto amabili isehlukaniso Hayek washada uHelen Bitterlich e Arkansas, lapho okwakungenziwa.

Friedrich Hayek: Incwadi

I-University of Chicago ihlela ukukhulula iqoqo imisebenzi usosayensi, osesebenze u-Adalberto isikhathi eside lapha. Uchungechunge amavolumu 19 sizoqukatha izinguqulo ezintsha izincwadi, umbhali izingxoxo, izihloko, izincwadi okusalungiswa ukushicilelwa. imisebenzi Hayek edume kakhulu zihlanganisa:

• "Monetary Theory kanye Trade Cycle" 1929.
• "Amanani kanye ukukhiqizwa" 1931.
• "Income, isithakazelo kanye nokutshalwa kwezimali kanye nezinye Tindzaba ngemfundiso yokuziphendukela iyehla iyenyuka zezimboni," ngo-1939.
• "Indlela Eya Serfdom," 1944.
• "Komuntu futhi Economic Order," 1948.
• "Ukudluliswa izimiso inkululeko," 1951.
• "I esiphikisayo revolution isayensi: izifundo lokuhlukunyezwa ingqondo", 1952.
• "UMthethosisekelo Liberty," 1960.
• "Obulalayo ukuzidla: iphutha Sokusebenzela" 1988.

Friedrich Hayek, "Indlela Eya Serfdom"

Kuyinto umsebenzi edume kunazo Economist Austrian sefilosofi. Wabhala kuyo 1940-1943 ngokulandelana. Kuyo, uxwayisa izingozi ngobushiqela, okuyinto ngempela ukuqeda ukulawula kukahulumeni phezu isinqumo izinqumo zokuhlela emaphakathi. Friedrich von Hayek uveza ukuthi ukwenqaba komuntu futhi imibono liberalism classical nakanjani kuholela ekulahlekelweni inkululeko, ukudalwa umphakathi yokwenziwa, ubushiqela kanye "ubugqila" abantu. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi izitatimende usosayensi wagijima counter imisebenzi yesayensi ngaleso ukubukwa isikhathi wobushiqela (Sikazwelonke Sokusebenzela Uhulumeni) kwaba impendulo kosozimali ekuthuthukiseni zokubusa ngesimiso sokusebenzela uhulumeni. Hayek waveza lwemisuka izinhlelo ezimbili. amakhophi ayizigidi ezingaphezu kuka-amabili "Indlela Eya Serfdom," ngabe athengiswe kusukela yanyatheliswa. Umsebenzi Fridriha Hayeka uye waba nomthelela obalulekile inkulumo kwezomnotho nakwezombusazwe ekhulwini XX. lesisho wakhe namuhla.

Umnikelo kanye Recognition

umsebenzi Hayek ziye zaba nomthelela ekuthuthukiseni umcabango kwezomnotho. imibono yakhe iwukuthi isikhombo yesibili (ngemva Kenneth Umcibisholo) ku izinkulumo of abazuza izindondo zikaNobel. Vernon Smith noHerbert uSimoni othiwa zezomnotho yakhe edume kunazo zonke wesimanje. It Hayek ngowokuqala ukwethula isici yesikhashana ku yakhoibrium emakethe. Wayephethe elikhulu ukuthuthukiswa theory ukukhula, ulwazi ezomnotho kanye nomqondo oda okuzenzakalelayo.

Legacy kanye neticu

Ngisho nangemva kokufa, Hayek ihlala omunye zezomnotho lanamuhla abavelele. imibono yakhe akazange zibuye ziphelelwe isikhathi. Ogama lakhe behlonipha yakhe:

• Student Society ngaleso ILondon School of Economics. It yadalwa 1996.
• Umphakathi wafunda e-Oxford. Wadala ngo-1983.
• Izethameli at Cato Institute. Eminyakeni yamuva, Hayek waklonyeliswa isihloko ahlonishwe abaphezulu ucwaningo nabo American inhlangano ucwaningo.
• Izethameli eNyuvesi Francisco Marroquín eGuatemala.
• Foundation for ososayensi Institute of Studies Humanitarian. Unika umklomelo-postgraduate kanye nabacwaningi abasha.
• Isifundo Lonyaka e Ludwig von Mises Institute. Yena ososayensi ukhulume umnikelo Hayek ukuba isayensi.
• Umklomelo eGeorge Mason University ukubhala Tindzaba kwezomnotho.