I-Analyzer ecacile: isakhiwo nomsebenzi. Izici zobudala zesicwaningi se-olfactory

Ngosizo lwabahlaziyi bezinhlobonhlobo, abantu baqondiswe emhlabeni ozungezile. Kungenxa yokubona, ukuzwa, iphunga nezinye izinzwa esizibona ngendawo yangaphandle, siqaphele izingozi. Ngomuntu ngamunye, abahlaziyi abahlukehlukene abakwazi ukuthuthukiswa ngendlela efanayo. Sizozama ukuqonda kulesi sihloko ukuthi yini i-analyzer enemifanekiso. Isakhiwo nemisebenzi, ukubaluleka kwempilo yenye yezinzwa kuxoxwa kulesi sihloko.

Incazelo yokuzwa iphunga

Iningi lwazi mayelana nezwe elizungezile lomuntu liyabona ngosizo lombono wombono, kodwa ngaphandle kokuzwa iphunga, isithombe ngeke siphumelele futhi siqondakala.

I-olfactory system yenzelwe ukuqaphela izinto ezikwazi ukuqedwa futhi zinezinkinga. Lolu hlelo ludala izithombe eziphathekayo ngendlela yephunga elithile. Ukubaluleka komhlaziyi we-analytic futhi ukuthi kunganikeza ukuhlolwa okuhloswe kwekhwalithi yomoya, ukudla kanye nemvelo njengamanye.

Uma siqhathanisa isitho sephunga kubantu nasezilwaneni, khona-ke singasho ukuthi ezilwaneni lesi sitho sinokubaluleka okukhethekile. Kodwa ayikwazi ukuthuthukiswa ngendlela efanayo kuwo wonke umuntu. Isibonelo, kunezinhlobo zokuphila lapho umhlaziyi we-analyzer okwakhiwe kahle. Ngakho-ke, ezinye izinhlobo ze-butterflies zingathola umlingani wazo ngephunga emakhilomitha angaba ngu-8. Wonke umuntu uyazi izinja ezingalandela umzila womuntu, eqondiswa iphunga lezinto zakhe.

Imisebenzi yelungu elinamafutha

Uma sicabanga ngemisebenzi ye-analyzer ene-olfactory, singabona ukuthi kubaluleke kakhulu futhi kubalulekile:

1. Ukuhlaziywa kokudla kokuhleleka nokuheha. Ngesizo salesi simiso, izinga lokufaneleka komkhiqizo linganqunywa.
2. Ukwenziwa kokuziphatha kokudla.
3. Umhlaziyi we-analfactory uthatha ingxenye eqondile ekumiseni uhlelo lokugaya ukudla okusetshenziselwa ukudla.
4. Ukunquma izinto eziyingozi emzimbeni womuntu.
5. Ukwenziwa kokuziphatha ngokocansi, okungashintsha ngaphansi kwethonya lamapheromone.
6. Ngokubamba iqhaza kwalesi sihlalutyi, ukuma komuntu kumvelo kwenzeka.
7. Ulwazi lwezwe langaphandle alwenzi ngaphandle kokuzwa iphunga.

Kungaphawulwa ukuthi kubantu abanqatshelwe ukubona, umuzwa wephunga ungathuthuka, futhi bazizwa bephunga kangcono kakhulu, okubasiza ukuba baziqondise kuleli zwe.

Ukwakhiwa kwesicwaningi esicacile

Uma sicabanga ngesakhiwo salesi sici somqondo, khona-ke iminyango elandelayo ingabonakala:

1. I-Peripheral. Ihlanganisa amangqamuzana we-receptor ase-mucosa engasese. Ziphela nge-cilia, zizungezwe yi-mucus. Kuyo, izinto ezinomuncu zichitheka. Kukhona ukusebenzisana kwamakhemikhali, okuguqulwa kube yisisindo somzimba.
2. Umnyango womqhubi uqukethe izinzwa ezinamandla. Kuzo izibonakaliso ezisuka kuma-receptors uya ku- forebrain, lapho i-bulb olfactory ikhona khona. Kulo, ukuhlaziywa okuyinhloko kolwazi kwenzeka, khona-ke izimpendulo zizoya esigabeni esilandelayo se-analyzer.
3. Isigaba esiyinhloko sise-lobe esesikhashana nesikhathi sangaphambili se-cortex ye-cerebral. Kulapha ukuthi uphenyo lokugcina lwolwazi lwenziwa, iphunga liyabonakala futhi impendulo yokugcina yemvelo yethu iyasebenza.

Sizojwayelana nesakhiwo kanye nokusebenza kwale minyango ngokuningiliziwe.

Ingxenye ye-Peripheral ye-analyzer

Uma sicabangela isakhiwo se-analyzer esicacile, kubalulekile ukuqala ngomnyango wokuqala. Itholakala emgodini wezintambo. Kulezi zindawo, i-membrane ye-mucous iyancipha kancane, ihlanganiswe imfihlo yokuvikela, edlala indima yokuzivikela, ivikela ekumeni, futhi ihlanganyele nokususwa kwe-irritants esele ngemuva kokuphela kokubonakala kwabo.

Kulapha ukuthi ukuthintana phakathi kwezinto ezivuthayo nama-receptor cells kwenziwa. Ku-epithelium, izinhlobo ezimbili zamaseli zihlukile:

• Ukusekela. Bamba iqhaza ezinkambisweni zemithi.
• Olfactory. Lena yi-receptors ngokwayo, enenani elikhulu le-cilia ukwandisa indawo yokuxhumana.

Amangqamuzana anomzimba anezinqubo ezimbili, enye yazo idlula ku-bulb olfactory, kanti eyesibili inomumo wenduku futhi iphetha nge-bubble nge-cilia.

Ukuqhuba umnyango

Lo mnyango uhloselwe ukwenza ulwazi, ngakho-ke umelelwa izindlela zemigudu eyenza i-nerf olwenzayo. Iqukethe izinqwaba ezihlukene eziya ku-hillock ebonakalayo.

Kukhona uxhumano nesistimu ye-limbic, echaza ukuba khona kwemizwelo enkambisweni yokubona iphunga. Isibonelo, iphunga elithile lingabangela injabulo, abanye - ukuhlambalaza njalonjalo.

Isigaba se-analyzer esiphezulu

Lo mnyango uhlanganisa i-bulb olfactory. Lona futhi umnyango we-lobes temporal of the brain.

Itholakala engxenyeni yangaphakathi ye-cortex enemibala ephakathi kwe-hippocampus esifundeni.

Indlela yokubona iphunga

Ukuze ubone ngokuphumelelayo izinto ezicasulayo, ama-molecule awo kufanele aqale ahlakaze emcimbini ozungeza amangqamuzana e-receptor. Khona-ke kukhona ukuxhumana namaprotheni akhethekile, okwakhiwe embranini yeseli.

Ukuxhumana okunjalo kungenzeka uma isimo se-molecule ye-stimulus sifana nesimo seprotheyini. Umuthi we-mucosal ulawula ukufinyeleleka kobuso be-receptors ngama-molecule wezinto ezivuthayo.

Ngemuva kokuba i-molecule ye-stimulus ihlangana nomprotheyini we-receptor, ushintsho esakhiweni salokugcina, ngenxa yalokho i-sodium ion iziteshi zivulekile embranini. Ama-sodium i-sodium angena ngaphakathi futhi adala amacala ahle, okuholela ekugqasheni kwekhanda.

Kusuka esitokisini se-receptor, kukhululwa umlamuleli, okuholela ekwakheni isisindo sezinzwa emigqeni ye-fibre nerve. Ngakho-ke, ngesimo sezinzwa zesibindi, ukukhathazeka okufisa kuqala kuhanjiswa kwezinye izingxenye ze-analyzer.

Umsebenzi wesistimu ye-olfactory

Uma sicabanga ukuthi i-analyzer ene-olfactory isebenza kanjani, wonke umsebenzi ungahlukaniswa ngezigaba eziningana:

1. Ukukhuthazwa kwe-stimulus eyiphunga kuma-receptor cells, okuphela ngokuxhumeka kumaprotheni we-receptor.
2. Ukuguqulwa kwemiphumela yamakhemikhali yezinto ezivutha amadlingozi kumfutho wegazi. Lesi sigaba siqala ngokunamathela kokuvuselela kumamukeli futhi kuphelela ekuzalweni kwemiqondo yezinzwa.
3. Ukunyakaza kwesibindi se- nerve esikhungweni esiphansi sezinzwa. Kungabhekwa njengokunyakaza kwe-bulb olfactory.
4. Ukuguqulwa kwe-pulse ku-bulb olfactory.
5. Ukugqugquzelwa kwemiqondo ye-nerve ezindaweni eziphakeme eziphezulu.
6. Ukwakhiwa kwesithombe sokucasuka ngesimo sephunga elithile.

Zonke lezi zigaba zilandelana njalo. Uma kunezinkinga noma ukwephulwa komunye wabo, singasho ukuthi umbono wephunga uphulwa.

Ukusebenzisa isicwaningi se-olfactory

Sihlaziye izici zomhlaziyi womuntu ohlaziyekayo, kodwa kufanele kuqaphele ukuthi le nsizwa yesistimu iyakwazi ukuzivumelanisa. Lokhu kwenzeka ngokuvezwa isikhathi eside ekuvuseleleni.

Ukulungiswa kwe-analyzer kungenzeka ngaphakathi kwamasekhondi ambalwa, futhi ngezinye izikhathi kuthatha imizuzu emihlanu. Konke kuncike ezintweni eziningi:

• Isikhathi sokuxhumana nomuthi ovuthayo.
• Ukugxila kwesisusa.
• Izinga lokugeleza kwemoya.

Kukhona iqembu elikhulu kakhulu lezinto ezivutha amadlingozi lapho i-analyzer enamandla ivumelanisa ngokushesha. Kuthatha isikhathi esincane kakhulu, futhi iphunga liyeka ukuzwa. Isibonelo esicacile ukujwayela okuphelele kumnandi womzimba wakho, igumbi, izinto.

Kwezinye izinto ezicasulayo, ukujwayela kuqhutshwa kancane kancane noma ngokujwayelekile nje kuphela. Ngaphansi kwethonya lokunciphisa amandla obuthakathaka, okwesikhashana, ukubheja kungabonakala njengokunyuka kobuzwe balesi sihlaziyi.

Sekuvele kusungulwe ukuthi ukuthuthukiswa kokulungiswa kwemvelo akuveli esigabeni sokuqala se-analyzer, kodwa ekugcineni, okungukuthi, i-cortical eyodwa. Ngokuvamile, uma into efanayo enomsoco ihlala isikhathi eside, ukugxila okugxilile kokuzijabulisa kuyakhiwa ekolitex yama-hemispheres amakhulu. Kulezi zimo, ukuzwa iphunga nakho kungenzeka uma kuvezwe ezinye izinto. Ngezinye izikhathi lo mzwelo ungabacasula futhi uvele ngisho nalapho kungekho khona ukucasula. Kule ndaba, ungakhuluma ngokuhlelwa, noma ukucabanga.

Kungasho kuphela ngokuqiniseka ukuthi uma kuhlotshaniswa nenye iphunga elilodwa, lokhu ngeke kuthinte umbono wezinye izinkomba nganoma iyiphi indlela, ngoba zonke izinkomba zithinta ama-receptors ahlukene.

Imfundiso yokubona iphunga

Njengamanje, kukhona izinto ezingaphezu kuka-10 eziyizinkathazo eziyaziwayo. Zonke zazo zingahle zibe ngamakilasi ayisikhombisa ephunga eliyinhloko:

• Flower.
• I-Mint.
• Musky.
• I-Etheric.
• Ukubekezela.
• Camphoric.
• Ukushisa.

Uma kukhona ingxube yephunga elincinci, i-analyzer yalo ebonakalayo ingabona ukuthi iphunga elisha ngokuphelele. Ama-molecule wezinto ezahlukene ahluka ngezindlela ezehlukene, isibonelo, iphunga le-camphor linama-molecule azungezile, futhi i-musky - ngendlela yesidiski. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ahluke ngecala likagesi: ezinye zingaba nomthelela omuhle, kanti ezinye - ezimbi.

Kunezinkolelo eziningi ezizama ukuchaza indlela yokubona iphunga. Njengamanje, okuvame kakhulu yi-stereochemical, efakazela ukuthi kunezinhlobo eziningana zezingosi embranini yamaseli we-receptor. Zihluke ekusebenzeni kwazo nase-electrophilicity. Bayakwazi ukubona ama-molecule anomsindo wesimo nesayizi ethile.

Izinhlobo zezinkinga ezivuthayo

Ngaphandle kokuthi i-analyzer enezintambo ayikathuthuki kahle kubo bonke, ngaphandle kwalokho, kungenzeka ukugcina ukuphulwa nokuphutha okunye emsebenzini walo:

• I-Anosmia yinto ephelele yokukwazi ukuthola iphunga.
• I-hyposmia ukunciphisa iphunga.
• I-Hyperosmia, ngokuphambene nalokho, iyabonakala ngokuzwela okukhulu kobuzwe.
• I-Parosmia ibonisa ukungafanisi kahle kwephunga.
• Ukuphazamiseka kokuhlukaniswa.
• Ukuvela kwezingcingo ezicacile.
• I-agnosia e-Olfactory ifakwe esimweni lapho umuntu ezwa khona, kepha ayikwazi ukuyiqonda.

Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi uma uneminyaka yobudala, ukwehla kancane kancane kobuzwe obuseduze. Umhlaziyi we-olfactory akasakwazi ukuthola iphunga ngokucacile futhi ngokushesha. Ososayensi baye babala ukuthi lapho beneminyaka engama-50, umqondo wokuhogela komuntu ovamile uyancishiswe ngesigamu uma kuqhathaniswa nentsha.

Isihlalutyi esicacile kanye nezici zayo zonyaka

Okokuqala ngesikhathi ukuthuthukiswa kwe-intrauterine we-analyzer olushukumisayo kuqala ukwakha umnyango wendawo. Lokhu sekusevikini lesishiyagalombili lokuthuthukiswa. Ekupheleni kokukhulelwa, noma kunalokho, ekupheleni kwezinyanga ezingu-8, lo mhlaziyizivivinyo usuvele uvele uqobo.

Kakade ngokushesha ngemva kokuzalwa, umuntu angabona ukuthi isisu sisabela kanjani. Lokhu kubonakala ngendlela yokulinganisa ukunyakaza, izinguquko ekusebenzeni kwenhliziyo yesisu, imvamisa yokuphefumula, isikhundla somzimba.

Kuyinto ngosizo lomqondo wokuhogela ukuthi umntwana ubona iphunga lomama wakhe. Lesi sici sokuqonda siyingxenye ebalulekile yokwakheka kokuzindla kokudla. Kancane kancane, lapho ingane ikhula, kunokwanda kwikhono le-analyzer lokuhlukanisa iphunga. Ukufaneleka nokuqina kwalolu hlelo kukhula ngezinyanga ezingu-4.

Uma siqhathanisa ikhono lokuqonda nokuhlukanisa iphunga ezinganeni ezineminyaka engu-5-6 ubudala kanye nabantu abadala, khona-ke singasho ukuthi lesi siphezulu siphezulu kakhulu.

Lezi yizici zonyaka ze-analyzer olfactory. Ungase futhi uthi ngenxa yokuqeqesha okuhlelekile, ungathuthukisa kakhulu umuzwa wakho wephunga, kepha abashisayo abanzi belahlekelwa umbono wabo, ngoba izingxenye ezibhekene nokubhema ugwayi zingathinti kakhulu ama-receptors. Futhi, izifo ezivame ukuvuvukala emgodini wezintambo zifaka isandla ekunciphiseni umuzwa wokuhogela.

Ngakho sihlolisise i-analyzer ecacile. Isakhiwo nemisebenzi yayo ichazwe ngazo zonke izindlela zokufinyelela. Kungasho ngokuqiniseka ukuthi zonke izitho zomqondo zibalulekile kumuntu. Uma kunezinkinga emisebenzini okungenani i-analyzer eyodwa, khona-ke umuntu usengasho kakade ukuthi ukwanele kokubona kwezwe elizungezile kuncishisiwe, ukugcwala kokuzwa okuvela empilweni kuyanyamalala. Zizinake wena kanye nezinzwa zakho.