Umbuthano u ... Umbuthano ungumfanekiso wejometri

Ukuma kwendilinga kuyathandeka kusukela ekubukeni kokusebenzelana nemimoya, imilingo kanye namagugu asendulo ahlanganiswe kuwo ngabantu. Zonke izingxenye ezincane kakhulu eziseduze nathi - ama-athomu nama-molecule - zinomumo ojikelezayo. Ilanga liyindilinga, inyanga iyindilinga, iplanethi yethu iyindilinga. I-molecule yamanzi - isisekelo sezinto zonke eziphilayo - futhi sinomumo ojikelezayo. Ngisho nemvelo yenza ukuphila kwayo kumibuthano. Isibonelo, ungakhumbula ngesidleke senyoni - izinyoni nazo ziyibamba kuleli fomu.

Lesi sibalo emicabangweni yasendulo yamasiko

Umbuthano uwuphawu lokubumbana. Ikhona emazweni ahlukene emininingwaneni emincane kunazo zonke. Asibambi ngisho nokubaluleka okukhulu kuleli fomu, njengoba okhokho bethu benza.

Sekude kusukela umbuthano luwuphawu lomugqa ongapheli, olufanekisela isikhathi nokuphakade. Esikhathini sangaphambi kobuKristu, wayeyisibonakaliso sasendulo sesondo elangeni. Wonke amaphuzu kulo mfanekiso alinganayo, umugqa wendilinga awunaso isiqalo noma ukuphela.

Futhi phakathi kwendilinga kwakuwumthombo wokujikeleza okungapheli kwesikhala nesikhathi samasonni. Umbuthano uwukuphela kwazo zonke izibalo, kwakungeyona into yokuthi imfihlo yendalo yadalwa kuye, ngokusho kwamaMasons. Ukuma kokudayela, okunawo leli fomu, kusho ukubuyisela okusemqoka kuze kube sekupheleni kokuhamba.

Lesi sibalo sinomqondo ojulile wemilingo nesimanga, owawunika izizukulwane eziningi zabantu abavela emasikweni ahlukene. Kodwa yimuphi umbuthano onjengeyomfanekiso geometry?

Kuyini umbuthano

Ngokuvamile umqondo wesiyingi udidekile nomqondo wombuthano. Lokhu akumangalisi, ngoba bahlobene kakhulu. Ngisho namagama abo afanayo, okubangela ukudideka okukhulu emqondweni wengqondo yabantwana besikole. Ukuze siqonde ukuthi ngubani, ake sicabangele lezi zinkinga ngokuningiliziwe.

Ngencazelo, umbuthano uyinqaba evaliwe, futhi iphuzu ngalinye elilinganayo ukusuka endaweni ebizwa ngokuthi isikhungo sendilinga.

Okudingayo ukwazi nokuthi ungayisebenzisa kanjani ukwakha umbuthano

Ukwakha umbuthano, kukwanele ukukhetha iphuzu elingenakuphikisanayo, elingasetshenziswa njenge-O (leli yigama lesikhangiso emithonjeni eminingi, ngeke sisuke ekuboneni kwendabuko). Isigaba esilandelayo ukusetshenziswa komshini wokudweba ojikelezayo, oqukethe izingxenye ezimbili ezinesinaliti noma isici sokubhala esihleliwe ngasinye.

Lezi zingxenye ezimbili zixhunyaniswe ngendondo, okuvumela ukuthi ukhethe irediyo engavumelani phakathi kwemingcele ethile ehlobene nobude balezi zingxenye ezifanayo. Ngesiza salesi sdivaysi inqenqemeni yekhampasi ifakwa endaweni ephikisanayo O, futhi ijika livele lidonsa ipensela, okuwumphumela wembuthano.

Yiziphi izimiso zombuthano

Uma sixhuma nombusi isikhungo sombuthano nanoma yikuphi iphuzu elingenakuphikisana emgqeni otholiwe ngokusebenza nekhampasi, sithola indawo yomjikelezo. Zonke izingxenye ezinjalo, okuthiwa i-radii, zizolingana. Uma sixhuma amaphuzu amabili kumbuthano nesikhungo ngendlela eqondile ngomugqa oqondile, sithola ububanzi bawo.

Isimangalo sibonakala nokubalwa kobude bayo. Ukuze uyithole, udinga ukwazi ukuthi ububanzi noma ingqikithi yombuthano bese usebenzisa ifomula eboniswe kumfanekiso ngezansi.

Kule fomula, i-C iyisikhathi, i-radius yombuthano, d ububanzi, futhi inombolo yePi iyinani elihlala njalo elinenani lika-3.14.

Ngendlela, i-Pi ehlala njalo ibalwa kusuka kumbuthano.

Kwaba ukuthi kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ububanzi bomjikelezo bunjani, isilinganiso sobude bombuthano nobubanzi sinye, silingana no-3.14.

Uyini umehluko omkhulu phakathi kombuthano nombuthano

Eqinisweni, isiyingi siwumugqa. Akuyona isibalo, kuyinqaba yomugqa ovaliwe, ongapheli noma uqale. Futhi isikhala esitholakala ngaphakathi kuso asinalutho. Isibonelo esilula sombuthano siyindilinga noma, ngendlela ehlukile, i-hula-hoop, okuyinto izingane ezisetshenziselwa ukuqeqeshwa ngokomzimba noma abantu abadala, ukuze benze isiqhwa esincane.

Manje sifika emcimbini wokuthi yimuphi umbuthano. Lokhu ngokuyinhloko isibalo, okungukuthi, isethi ethile yamaphuzu aphethwe umugqa. Endabeni yombuthano, lo mzila ubonisa umbuthano ocatshangelwa ngenhla. Kuvela ukuthi umbuthano ungumbuthano, phakathi kwawo awunalutho, kodwa isethi yamaphuzu esikhala. Uma silula indwangu e-hula-hoop, ngeke sisakwazi ukuyihlanekela, ngoba ngeke isaba yindingilazi - ukungabi nalutho kuthatha indawo yendwangu, isikhala sendawo.

Siqhubeka ngqo nomqondo wembuthano

Umbuthano ungumfanekiso wejometri oyingxenye yendiza ephethwe yimbuthano. Ibuye ibhekwe nemibono enjenge-radius nobubanzi, okucatshangwa ngenhla uma kunquma ukuzungeza. Futhi zibalwa ngendlela efanayo ngendlela efanayo. Ingqikithi yombuthano kanye nengqikithi yembuthano ifana nesayizi. Ngakho-ke, ubude bomkhawulo bufana nalokho kokubili.

Njengoba umbuthano uyingxenye yendiza, ibonakala ngokuba khona kwesigcawu. Ungakwazi ukubala futhi usebenzisa i-radius nenombolo Pi. Ifomula kanje: (bheka isibalo esingezansi).

Kule fomula, i-S yindawo, r ingqikithi yendilinga. Inombolo Pi iphinde ibe yinto efanayo efanayo elingana no-3.14.

Ifomula yombuthano, ukuze kubalwe ukuthi kungenzeka kanjani ukusebenzisa ububanzi, izinguquko futhi uthathe ifomu eliboniswe kulolu hlobo olulandelayo.

Esinye sesine sibonakala ukuthi i-radius iyigremu elingu-1/2. Uma irejista isikwele, kuvela ukuthi inani liguqulwa ifomu:

R * r = 1/2 * d * 1/2 * d;

R * r = 1/4 * d * d.

Umbuthano ungumfanekiso lapho kunokwenzeka khona ukuhlukanisa izingxenye ezihlukene, isibonelo umkhakha. Ibukeka njengengxenye yombuthano oboshwe yingxenye ye-arc kanye nama-radii amabili adonsela phakathi nendawo.

Ifomula esivumela ukuba sibone indawo yalesi sigaba siboniswa kulolu hlobo olulandelayo.

Ukusebenzisa ukuma emisebenzini nama-polygons

Futhi umbuthano ungumfanekiso wejometri, ovame ukusetshenziselwa ngokuhlanganyela nezinye izibalo. Isibonelo, njengothathu, isitokisi, isikwele noma i-rhombus. Ngokuvamile kunezinkinga lapho kunesidingo ukuthola indawo yombuthano obhaliwe noma, ngokuphambene, kuchazwe eduze nesibalo esithile.

Umbuthano obhaliwe ngukuthi uthinta zonke izinhlangothi ze-polygon. Ngalunye uhlangothi lwalo lonke i-polygon, umbuthano kufanele ube nephuzu lokuxhumana.

Ukuze uthole uhlobo oluthile lwe-polygon, incazelo yendawo yombuthano obhaliwe ibalwa ngemithetho ehlukene, echazwe kwi-geometry.

Isibonelo, kukhona eziningana zazo. Ifomula yembuthano ebhalwe ngama-polygons ingabalwa kanje: ngezansi, izibonelo eziningana zinikezwa esithombeni).

Izibonelo ezimbalwa ezilula ezivela empilweni, ukuze kuhlanganiswe ukuqonda umehluko phakathi kwendilinga nombuthano

Ngaphambi kwethu kukhona ukuhlanzwa kwamanzi. Uma ivuliwe, umngcele wensimbi we-hatch ungumbuthano. Uma ivaliwe, isembozo senza njengombuthano.

Umbuthano ungabuye wabizwe noma yiyiphi indandatho - igolide, isiliva noma ubucwebe. Indandatho ephethe iqoqo lezihluthulelo ngokwayo ingumjikelezo.

Kodwa i-magnet nxazonke efrijini, ipuleti noma ama-pancake, ebhakawa ngugogo, ingumbuthano.

Intamo ibhodlela noma imbiza lapho ibhekwa kusuka phezulu ingumbuthano, kodwa isembozo esivala le ntanyeni, ngombono ofanayo kusuka phezulu, ungumbuthano.

Kunezibonelo eziningi ezinjalo, futhi ukuhlanganisa izinto ezinjalo, kumele zikhuliswe ukuze izingane ziqonde kangcono uxhumano phakathi kwe-theory nokuzijwayeza.