GDP Kazakhstan sika: isakhiwo kanye namandla okubakhona. Kazakhstan: GDP lengenako

Ngokuya yizinkomba zezomnotho Kazakhstan yilona lizwe enenzuzo kakhulu futhi kuphumelele e-Asia Ephakathi. Omunye amandla eziyishumi ngobukhulu zezimali eYurophu. Imithombo oyinhloko wemali ezibhekwa uwoyela amaminerali, kanye uhla lwamanani kanye umkhakha metal-zokusebenza. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi Kazakhstan mhlawumbe ezweni kuphela kuleli zwekazi, okuyinto ekuthuthukiseni ngesivinini Amazing futhi luphila ezolimo.

ukuthuthukiswa komnotho

Ngemva kokuwa eU.SSR kwakukhona lawa ngemali okukhulu ezweni, owathatha kwaze kwaba ngo-1995. Yize umnotho Kwase kusele kancane emali okusezingeni eliphezulu. Isabelomali nezindleko kakhulu kudlulwe ngezimali. Kube Ukungadli inqubomgomo zamanani. Iziphathimandla ayikwazanga ukuthola isibambo phezu abakhiqizi esinakho. Konke lokhu kuye kwaholela ukwanda kokutheleleka kudlange kakhulu amanani kanye nokungabibikho kwemisebenzi. Uhlelo credit kuphela sekuqalile.

Ngo-1993, uhlobo lwemali kazwelonke iye kwetfulwa eKazakhstan, okwakubizwa ngokuthi i "KZT". sinjalo Artificial izinga lokushintshisana sekubangele nciphisa e okukhipha kanye nokwehla kwamandla emali. Ngakho, i-GDP ukwehla kwaba ngaphezu 9%. Ngo-1995, uhlelo credit zilungisiwe. inqubomgomo enjalo wezimali kunganqandwa ayehle kakhulu amandla emali angu-60%. Ngo-2007 kwaba khona ukwanda okukhulu kwezincwadi GDP Kazakhstan sika cishe 30%. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, lesi sibalo kwandisa kuphela. Eminyakeni yamuva, i-GDP ukukhula rate zehlele. Isizathu esikhulu salokhu nokuntengantenga we macroeconomy global. Kujwayeleke ngemuva wezimali jikelele kwenza inqubomgomo ngempumelelo emakethe yasekhaya. Futhi, ingxenye enkulu kwesabelomali Lokubuyela engenayo esuka isivuno esikhulu.

yizinkomba zezomnotho

Umbundu esiphezulu we ukwehla emlandweni Kazakhstan laligujwa ngo-1999. Khona-ke babengamaphesenti mayelana 59%. Isizathu sokuba ukwehla kwaba esigabeni sokugcina kwathatha Tenge. Ngonyaka ka-2009, isibalo sabantu intengo ukwehla kumile 17%.

Kepha kwamandla emali, ekuqaleni kwawo-1990, cishe kwakuyihora 210%. Esikhathini esizayo, ngemuva kwezomnotho uhlaliseke lwemali wezwe. Okuncane ezingeni emali ebonwe 1998 - 1.9%. Eminyakeni yamuva, kuqhathaniswa ezingaphansi kwezingu-6%. izikweletu Lwangaphandle Kazakhstan ububanzi zamadola bhiliyoni 150. Isamba kwandisa njalo ngonyaka. Kuze kwaba seminyakeni embalwa edlule, izikweletu kwaba cishe u- $ 108 billion.

umkhakha Izimpawu

Omunye bhizinisi elaliphambili inzuzo kuyinto isiqoqi sama-softwe. IMITHETHO kulo mkhakha womsebenzi kancane esingaphansi 8% we-GDP Kazakhstan sika. abakhiqizi Local ukukhiqiza nemishini embonini yezimayini, embonini yezokuthutha. Kuphela 2012, abangaphezu kuka-12 eziyinkulungwane Kazakh imoto kufika emakethe emhlabeni.

Insimbi steel kuyinto 13% we-GDP wezwe Imininingwane. Minyaka yonke, izitshalo e Kazakhstan akhishwa futhi kusetshenzwe ezingamathani angaba ngu-8 billion nsimbi. yokusansimbi Nonferrous akuyona wawungaphansi abamnyama ngoba share ethize GDP. isilinganiso salo 12%. Ngokuyinhloko izitshalo Metallurgical iphathwa aluminium, zinc, okuhola nethusi. A iyincane ukukhiqizwa - magnesium, titanium nezinye imikhando ezingavamile.

Kuze kube manje, Kazakhstan ingenye abathuthi main zethusi emhlabeni. Iningi imikhiqizo olwathengwa eJalimane nase-Italy. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izwe bhalisiwe 170 igolide imali. isakhiwo GDP Kazakhstan ngaphandle isizathu kusekelwe umkhakha. Thatha ngisho umkhakha zamakhemikhali. Ukuze kukhiqizwe phosphorus kanye zokwenziwa izinto Kazakhstan lingelesithathu ngobukhulu e-Eurasia. Petrochemical umkhakha ukhiqiza anhlobonhlobo izinto ezihlukahlukene lobuchwepheshe ezifana iziketekete diesel kubhayela fuel, uphethiloli kanye nokunye okufana nalokho. D.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, izwe Sekutholakele ukukhiqizwa zokwakha. Slate, usimende, amapayipi, linoleum, faience, ama-tile, kaolin, ama-heater, radiators, amatshe njll Lokhu wemboni ithatha 4% we-GDP. Eminyakeni yamuva, liyabonakala igxathu elithathwe ukuthuthukiswa emkhakheni wezamandla.

Ukuhoxa Ezolimo

I share GDP Kazakhstan BakaJehova bebekela eceleni ngoba lolu hlobo msebenzi ngaphezulu kuka-5%. Eminyakeni yamuva, lesi sibalo imba eqolo. Emuva maphakathi nawo-1990, ezolimo ithatha% 1.8 kuphela GDP inani. Kusukela ngo-2002 intuthuko embonini zezigidi zamaRandi liye iqondiswe. Uphiko obaluleke kunayo yonke 'yokulima' lwasendaweni ukutshala amazambane, oilseeds kanye amakhabe. Isivuno Imininingwane anda izikhathi 6 past 10 iminyaka. Kuwufanele uqaphele ukwanda inzuzo etholakale ngokudayisa imifino nezithelo. Kusukela izitshalo enenzuzo kakhulu kubhekwa njengento ukolweni, ibhali kanye oats. On the entshonalanga yezwe ukuhlwanyelwa okwandile ommbila sunflower.

Izinkomo ephawulwe Dynamics ezimbi. Eminyakeni yamuva, imfuyo yehlile pheze ngesiquntu.

ukuhweba Foreign izibalo

Into yokuqala ezingeni GDP Kazakhstan kuthinta nokuthengiswa. The main ukuhweba abalingani weRiphabhulikhi kubhekwe naseBaltics kanye CIS. akhawunti Bona cishe 59% lemikhiqizo inani. Eyokuqala senzeka ohlwini Russian. ukuthuthukisa ngempumelelo ubudlelwane ukuhweba namazwe angaphandle, ezifana eJalimane, Czech Republic, Turkey, Italy, eSwitzerland, e-USA, eNgilandi, eNingizimu Korea.

I-annual ukuhweba inzuzo phakathi Kazakhstan neRussia imayelana $ 30 bhiliyoni. Iningi ukuthekelisa kwemikhiqizo kaphethiloli hlala ke izinsimbi kanye imikhando. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi% 20 kuphela zabelwe yonkhe leminye imikhakha zokukhiqiza kanye nezinsizakalo. The main imikhiqizo ngenarheni kawoyela ongahluziwe, imishini, izimoto, izikhali, imikhiqizo ukudla.

uhlelo lwezimali

Izinga isilinganiso GDP Kazakhstan ukhula minyaka yonke. It lifinyelele omuhle mkhuba sibonga kangaka ngempumelelo uhlelo lwezimali yangaphakathi. Emuva ngo-1998 izinguquko yempesheni emikhulu kwenziwa kuleli zwe. Ngo isinyathelo esilandelayo ushintsho ezimakethe zamasheya usebhekene. Maphakathi no-2014 izwe aye wasebenza 38 amabhange kazwelonke.

Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi konke ukuthenga ngemali okukhulu kuthiwa ngokuphelele ihlolwe efanele amakomiti isimo kanye nezinsizakalo. Uhlelo lomnotho e Kazakhstan ingaphansi kweso esiqinile iziphathimandla.

Kuwa kunezinkinga zemali kwenzeka ngo 2008 kuleli zwe kwaba. Nokho, ukwehla GDP eyathatha yokubika amakota amabili kuphela.

kukhula kwemnotfo lokusheshisako

2014 kwaphawulwa a Ukwehla sina ezweni ababekulo mngcwabo kwaneliswe isidingo. Ngenxa yalokho, kwaba khona Dynamics omubi we-GDP Kazakhstan sika. Lesi sibalo elehla livela 6% kuya 4%. Kwakuhlangene nokuntengantenga zomhlaba uwoyela umkhakha. Futhi, lo mkhuba ongathandeki isidingo imikhiqizo steel abavela eRussia nase-China livele. Konke lokhu zathiya hhayi kuphela GDP Kazakhstan, kodwa futhi kulo lonke uhlelo credit. Ukuze ukuzinza iziphathimandla wezwe macroeconomic baye banquma ukuqhuba inqubomgomo yentela inkanuko. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngemva Yiqiniso yokuwa Government of Kazakhstan Tenge abangu inqophe ukunina izihloko kwezenhlalo kanye umkhakha ezingaphezu kuka $ 5.5 billion.

uguquko kwezezimali

Kuze kube manje, i-Government of Republic uzama ukuvimbela nomthelela omubi we Ukwehla komnotho emakethe yezabasebenzi. Kungenjalo-ke kuzoholela ucabanga amabhizinisi amancane kanye nomthelela ngqo kulemikhakha ezingavikelekile kakhulu zalo izakhamuzi.

Ukuze sinjalo yokufakelwa komnotho ezingeni GDP kuleli zwe sesingasebenza izinhlelo ezehlukene emphakathini. Lwabalandeli livela National Fund kusukela ukuhanjiswa ngokwengxenye kwezimali zomphakathi.

Phakathi kwezinye kwekuhlela kabusha kuyadingeka ukuze ukwaba iphakheji elisha wezinyathelo ukuheha abatshalizimali angaphandle kanye ezincane ukwesekwa ibhizinisi.

Outlook kanye Izingozi

Muva nje kuye kwaba ushintsho olunzulu GDP Kazakhstan sika. Ukuthuthukiswa kuphela kulindeleke for 2017. Kusukela ngomhla ka-2014, nokukhula kwe-GDP wema ngasemnyango 4.1%. Dynamics lokhu Inkomba ziyokuwa nsuku zonke, kuze kube imvelo kwezomnotho okwenzeka emhlabeni wonke akusho ukuthola iziyisikhombisa yokululama. Umthelela on izingozi zasekhaya wezimali ka Kazakhstan futhi ukungezwani geopolitical esifundeni. Isici ezimbi kakhulu ekunciphiseni okhandwa lezwe liyizo ukungqubuzana Russia nase-Ukraine. Ngenxa yalokhu kunzima kakhulu ukuthola zimali ukuze esitebeleni amathemba eside.

Dynamics of GDP 2015

Okwamanje, kukhona engalulami yokufakelwa esemazweni kwezomnotho weRiphabhulikhi Kazakhstan. GDP lengenako imayelana ayizinkulungwane 13.6 zamaRandi. Lesi sibalo 2015 zingancishiswa onohlonze. Ochwepheshe babikezela ukuthi nokukhula kwe-GDP awe 2%. Nokho, ngonyaka ozayo kulindeleke umkhuba omuhle ka 5.5%.

Kuze kube sekupheleni kulo nyaka, bakhulise izinga GDP is akulindelekile, njengoba amanani kawoyela kanye ukuthekelisa izibalo siqhubeke iwe.