Frost olunzima: Amarekhodi futhi amaqiniso athakazelisayo

Iplanethi yethu kunesithembiso eziningi eziyimfihlakalo. Ukuhlola okunye kokuhlangenwe izimfihlakalo zayo, indoda, kubonakala, sekuyisikhathi eside kwakungenza ukuba phansi, kodwa zitholakala emhlabeni wonke puzzle entsha.

frost ezinzima - ungomunye walabo imihlola isintu esiye wafunda njalo ngesithakazelo esikhulu. Pole enjalo ezingafinyeleleki futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo ocebile nokuphana, eladonsa ngokugqamile ngokweqile futhi ngaphelelwa ithemba njalo.

Kulesi sihloko sibheka ezinye zezindawo enomoya enkulumweni wonke mayelana izakhamuzi zakhona, kanye touch ngalolu daba, njengoba ikwazi ukuziphilisa ukubanda okwedlulele. Ezinye amaqiniso ezithakazelisayo kakhulu ukukusiza uthole isithombe ephelele kunayo irekhodi okushisa aphansi.

irekhodi lomhlaba

Abaningi basayikhumbula namanje esikoleni ukuthi frost olunzima Lalotshwa ezintweni esiteshini Russian "Vostok" e-Antarctica. Isilinganiso yamadolobha ebanda kunazo zonke emhlabeni akakwazi ukuvula le ndawo ngoba ngokuvamile akuyona zokuhlala. Nokho, abantu abahlala khona unaphakade (bededelana), ukuze akwazi ukufeza umsebenzi ucwaningo.

Irekhodi ngokuphelele, eqoshiwe Emhlabeni, kwaba -89,2 degrees. Kwakungu-July 21, 1989, futhi kusukela ngo-ukuthi lokushisa ayizange isilungisiwe.

I yesithwathwa olunzima emlandweni

Abantu baqala ukuqapha izimo sezulu kanye sezulu isikhathi eside. Nokho, amathuluzi ukucacisa evumela elibanzi ukuhlola isimo, ezikhathini zasendulo, yebo, wayengekho. Okhokho wasishiyela ukwahlulela subjective kuphela esiphathelene nezinsuku lapho frost kwakufaneleka ikakhulukazi Indlovulenkhulu

It kwesokunxele eziningi ubufakazi. Ngokwesibonelo, kuyaziwa ukuthi Adriatic Sea ifakwa eqhweni ngokuphelele ngonyaka 856. 1010-th kwaba engavamile abandayo ngisho Egypt - saseNayile laligcwele ice. frost ezinzima, zineminyaka in 1210 e-Italy, icebound ngisho emiselekazini yaseVenice. Misa 1322 ngabe badedele ledding ephakathi kweJalimane Denmark, ngqo oLwandle iBaltic. Futhi emva kweminyaka 4 iqhwa ethumba oLwandle iMediterranean, lapho ngokuvamile ayigongobali ngisho at ogwini. 1709 th wayeyisidakwa esingenamusa irekhodi izakhamuzi zaseFrance. Ngokusho ofakazi, izinga lokushisa wagcinwa at -24 ezinyangeni ezimbalwa. Phakathi ukukhala ka izinsimbi zesonto aqhephukile futhi eba yiqhwa zewayini yewayini. Eminyakeni 1953-1954 yesithwathwa besho phansi cishe zonke Eurasia, iFrance Urals kwezinyanga ezingaphezu kwezinhlanu le amazinga okushisa abephakathi irekhodi ongaphakeme. Ponds eba yiqhwa, ngokupheleleyo dibikeza ice oLwandle Azov. Fierce ebusika wabuyela baseYurophu ngeminyaka eyishumi, ukuyivala ibe ezineqhwa emfuleni esibukweni Italy naseFrance.

Yiqiniso, okuningi nobusika obubandayo wazibonela neRussia. Shono phakathi labo ababeza kuye ne legends impi General Frost, olwela ohlangothini Russian. Kodwa yesithwathwa yomdabu zivamile ukuze icebound emfuleni gimmick uyakufanelekela Ukukhuluma emibhalweni yaminyaka yonke yomlando, aziphindanga zavela. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uma nje phakathi konyaka yesithwathwa eziqine (Epiphany) echibini embozwe iqhwa, kwenza umgodi ukuze bakwazi ukubhukuda!

Befuna inhlokodolobha abandayo

Ezinye nemizana Russian afakiwe ohlwini ebanda kunazo zonke emhlabeni. Izakhamuzi hhayi kuphela abafuna bakamalalahlengezela ukushiya amadolobha eneqhwa nasemizaneni, kodwa futhi siyazama ukuvikela ilungelo ukubiza ekhaya enhloko-dolobha yakhe encane abandayo.

Omunye kwabazabalazayo esiyinhloko isihloko ubhekwa Russia Oymyakon. Kulomuzi kukhona yesithwathwa inzima 9 izinyanga zokuqala konyaka. Record lokushisa -71,2 sabhalwa ngonyaka 29 ekhulwini elidlule leminyaka. Kulezi izingxenye -40 Celsius awacatshangwa umcimbi ongavamile. Oimjakon labantu incane, abantu abangaba ngu-600. Ngokuthakazelisayo, igama lihunyushwa ezinhlamvini lwesigodi lendawo ngokuthi "amanzi non-qhwa." amanzi Plain kukhona, yebo, iqhwa, kodwa igama le ndawo ubophekile ukuba okhiye ashisayo, ukushaya emhlabathini. Ungathola ngisho nabo ngesikhathi nangemva yesithwathwa ezinzima. Ojmjakon ngokuphepha anganikelwa emahlangothini isihloko "Umzana enomoya." Ngisho aphansi isilinganiso lokushisa yonyaka e Deyankyre obusa emzaneni, futhi itholakala e Yakutia.

Esincintisana eyinhloko Oymyakon - edolobheni Verkhoyansk. Eqoshiwe lokushisa -69,8 degrees kubhekwa ibhidi sina ukuze siwuphumelele. Umlando omuzi aqala nge settlement izithunjwa. Ungacabanga isijeziso, njengoba nje ezimbi, kunalokho isixhumanisi ku-ebusika okuphakade na? Uma lapha sithumela okungafunwa, futhi manje uhlala Verkhoyansk abantu okungenani eziyinkulungwane 1.4, ngokusobala isiphetho aneliseka futhi othanda umama izwe anolaka. Verkhoyansk izakhamizi Ufanelwe ilungelo ukubahlonipha ekhaya emzini wakhe omncane enomoya.

nezinye ezindaweni eziningi ukuthi zifakwe ohlwini nesithwathwa kakhulu, kuhle ukwenzela ukungena okuncane kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, ngo-hits zethu phezulu Irkutsk linabantu 250.000 njengoba nemakhata imizi emikhulu sendaba zokuphatha.

Okunye endaweni enomoya

Emadolobheni amaningi amancane esisogwini olusentshonalanga naseziqhingini-Arctic Ocean. frost ezinzima ajwayeleke endaweni wahlanganyela ikakhulu ezivikela, ucwaningo kanye nezimayini amabhizinisi. Akukhona nje kuphela eRussia, kodwa futhi emazweni aseScandinavia, US, Alaska, Greenland. Isimo sezulu elibuhlungu owandile kanti kwezinye izindawo entabeni (isib, Mongolia naseKazakhstan). Kodwa izinga lokushisa kukhona kuyaqabukela lehla ngezansi 40, ngakho ancintisane Antarctic futhi Arctic, ngeke baze bakwazi ukuwenza.

Iqhwa

Ogwini olusenyakatho lwalesi Viluy emfuleni eSiberia ngo-February 1982, irekhodi sabhalwa ososayensi eyiqhwa. Ukujula kwawo idlula 1370 amamitha. izingqimba abajonqile ice ukuthi ungalokothi liyancibilika, futhi kukhona eNhlonhlweni Taimyr. Kwezinye izindawo ifinyelela amamitha 600 ukujula.

I zezilwane nezimila yezindawo nesithwathwa kakhulu kule planethi

Ngokumangalisayo, izifunda kanye sezulu olunzima neze ezingaphili. Kungani yesithwathwa eqinile asesabi izilwane nezinyoni? Kunezindlela eziningana izakhiwo zokuzivikela emimoya ayehlala ezindaweni okuphakade izilwane ebusika. Lokhu obukhulu noboya manzi izimpaphe, ungqimba obukhulu fat ongama, a thermoregulation ekhethekile.

nezilwane Arctic ngezindlela ezihlukahlukene. Kunezinhlobo eziningi ezincelisayo ukuphila kulezi zingxenye: amabhere walruses, izimpungushe, onongwaja nezimpisi, reindeer, lemmings, narwhals, imikhomo Orcas. Mkhulu futhi inani izinyoni enyakatho nezilwandle abandayo ocebile izinhlanzi. a penguins eminengi abahlala e-Antarctica (bona abekho Nenkabazwe).

Antarctica has a endaweni engamakhilomitha ambalwa ukusuka eSouth Pole zingatholakala ulele futhi wona. Bona ivamile futhi ngesikhathi isigxobo okuphambene emhlabeni. It usesikhundleni evelele isikhundla moss. Dlulisa ashubisa umnkantsha futhi ezinye izitshalo ezinkulu: birch, izihlahla zikaphayini. Futhi kuthi ngesikhathi sasehlobo esifushane enyakatho ekude, ungabona ngisho izimbali. Kakhulu umthamo oluhambelana izitshalo ivumela North ukuze usinde ebusika obubanda eside. Abanaso afe, ngisho ashubisa umkantsha bese ulinda uma kuncibilika iqhwa ukubamba isabelo sabo imisebe yelanga.

Kanjani ukuze usinde lyutom abandayo?

frost ezinzima kuyinto yingozi ikakhulukazi labo owakhulela sezulu esipholile. Yini ijwayelekile Northerners, ingafeza indima inhlekelele umuntu ongaqeqeshiwe. Ekuvikeleni frostbite, wonke umuntu udinga ukwazi izimiso ezimbalwa ezilula. Phela, njengoba vele sesiyazi, yesithwathwa ngezinye izikhathi ezinzima zenzeka ngisho isimo sezulu siqala ukufudumala.

Okokuqala, ukusetshenziswa engamukeleki utshwala "ngemfudumalo." Liquor neze kuvimbela overcooling, futhi kuphela kunomthelela ngokudala inkohliso ukushisa emfushane. Okwesibili, ngenxa isidingo ukusebenza emoyeni ngesikhathi isithwathwa esindayo kufanele alternated nge zokuphumula endaweni efudumele. Uma usola frostbite emachosheni nobuso kudingeka zishise isisulu ekushiseni okuhangulayo futhi ngokushesha wathumela ku-esibhedlela. Akubalulekile ukuba nethemba lokuthi lesi sifo kuzodlula ngokwalo. kubaluleke ngezinga elifanayo ekuvimbeleni hypothermia kahle ihlelwe ukuqina njalo. Ngokuzimisela okufanele zithathwe ukuze kukhethwa izingubo.

Izithombe yezindawo ebanda kunazo emhlabeni akuvumele bukani ukuthi mihle kulesi sifunda. Ongoti True ngisho yesithwathwa olunzima ungagxambukeli babaza bo hle ezimangelengele.