Uyini nenhlekelele? Lena ushintsho wonke esikhathini ubunjalo balesi sifo

Kulesi sihloko sibheka ezinye izinguquko esimweni ngokomzimba nokuma kwezwe bemvelo, ezenzeka emhlabathini ngaphansi umphumela izinhlekelele. Njalo ndawo ine isikhundla sayo ngabanye, futhi eyingqayizivele. Futhi yimuphi ushintsho lomzimba nokuma kwezwe ngokuvamile kuholela nemiphumela okuhambisanayo ezindaweni ezingomakhelwane.

Kuyoba chaza kafushane ezinye izigemegeme futhi cataclysms.

definition lwenhlekelele

Ngokusho Ushakov sika esishoyo Dictionary nenhlekelele (kataklysmos Greek -. Flood) - ushintsho elibukhali ubunjalo nemibandela eziphilayo ku isikhala enkulu komhlaba ngaphansi kwethonya izinqubo elimazayo (asemkhathini, wentaba-mlilo). Futhi inhlekelele yendalo yonke eseduze - ube esejika nobhubhisayo, empilweni emphakathini.

Ushintsho olwenzeka kungazelelwe endaweni ngokomzimba futhi ezindawo ka isimo ebusweni kungenziwa kwabangela kuphela zemvelo noma umsebenzi womuntu uqobo. Futhi lokhu yinhlekelele ethile.

izingozi Yemvelo - nalezo iguqule isimo imvelo kusukela uhla elilungile ukuze umuntu aphile. A izinhlekelele inhlekelele ngisho ukushintsha ubuso Earth. Lokhu inqubo exogenous imvelaphi endogenous.

Ngezansi sibheke ezinye izinguquko eziphawulekayo ubunjalo, ezenzeka ngaphansi kwethonya izinhlekelele.

Izinhlobo zezinhlekelele zemvelo

Zonke izinhlekelele emhlabeni has engavamile lalo. Futhi muva nje baye baqala lifika (kanye umsuka onhlobonhlobo) ezingasho kaningi. It ukuzamazama komhlaba, ama-tsunami, ukuqhuma kwezintaba-mlilo, izikhukhula, emkhathini iwe, mudslides, izikhukhula zeqhwa ezintabeni ze, ukuguguleka kwenhlabathi, ukuqala Ukunyakaza ngokushesha kwamanzi olwandle, umhlaba subsidence, eqinile ukuguquka kwesimo sezulu , kanye nokunye. et al.

Ake ukunikeza incazelo emfushane imihlola ezintathu esibi kunazo yemvelo.

ukuzamazama komhlaba

Umthombo oyinhloko izinqubo zemvelo nokuma kwezwe - ukusikinyeka kwephasi.

Kuyini sehlelwe inhlekelele enjalo? Lokhu ukuxukuzeka yomhlaba sika uqweqwe, phansi iziteleka kanye ekushintshashintsheni ezincane komhlaba, lapho zibangelwa ngokuyinhloko izinqubo ezahlukene zomhlaba. avame ephelezelwa esesabekayo ukubhonga engaphansi, ngokuhlaziya, ebusweni undulation emhlabeni, ukubhujiswa izakhiwo kanye nezinye izakhiwo, futhi ngeshwa, izisulu womuntu.

Minyaka yonke Emhlabeni kulotshwe ezingaphezu kuka-1 million. ukundindizela. Lokhu kusho ukuthi bangaba ngu-120 jolts ngehora noma ezimbili push ngomzuzu. It kuvela ukuthi uMhlaba njalo esimweni aqhaqhazele.

Ngokwezibalo, okuyisilinganiso sabangu-1 unyaka kukhona ukuzamazama komhlaba inhlekelele futhi mayelana 100 elimazayo. izinqubo ezinjalo nemiphumela lithosphere, okungukuthi kokucindezelwa ngakho kwezinye izindawo futhi ukwanda abanye. Ukuzamazama komhlaba - kwembedumehlwana esibi kunazo. Lesi simo esiyingqayizivele sibangelwa kuholela waphuka zomhlaba, awalethe kanye offset.

Njengamanje, emhlabeni, izingxenye womsebenzi lokuzamazama komhlaba obuhlukahlukene. Zone zasePacific izingxenye ze-Mediterranean, ziphakathi kwezinye zezinto asebenzayo kakhulu kule ndaba. Sekukonke, u-20% endaweni Russian basengozini nokuzamazama komhlaba okungamashumi degrees obuhlukahlukene.

Izinhlekelele esesabisayo kakhulu plan onjalo (amaphuzu ayisishiyagalolunye noma ngaphezulu) zenzeka eKamchatka izindawo Pamirs Kuriles, eCaucasus, Transbaikalian et al.

ukuzamazama komhlaba 7-9 magnitude waphawula ezindaweni ezinkulu, kusukela eKamchatka kuya Carpathians. Lezi zihlanganisa Sakhalin, Sayan, iBaikal esifundeni, eCrimea, Moldova nabanye.

I-tsunami

Lapho mlilo, zitholakala iziqhingi nangaphansi kwamanzi, kukhona ngokuvamile okungenani izinhlekelele inhlekelele. Lokhu-tsunami.

Lihunyushwe kwelesiHeberu elithi izwi Japanese kusho igagasi elikhulu ngokungavamile amandla okubhubhisa okwenzeka ezindaweni ezifana nentaba-mlilo umsebenzi nokuzamazama komhlaba nolwandle phansi. Wokukhuthazwa lolu ngqimba yamanzi senzeka ngesivinini 50-1000 mph.

Tsunami njengoba eya ogwini ifinyelela ukuphakama 10-50 amamitha nokuningi. Ngenxa yalokho, loMfula kubhujiswa okubi ukwenzeka. Izimbangela le nhlekelele kungaba futhi kwamanzi kwenhlabathi, izikhukhula zeqhwa ezintabeni ze futhi onamandla uthole olwandle.

Liyindawo eyingozi kakhulu ngokuya izinhlekelele ezinjalo - ogwini eJapane, Aleutian esijwayelekile futhi zaseHawaii, Alaska, eKamchatka, ePhilippines, Canada, Indonesia, eSolomon Islands, Peru, New Zealand, eChile, e-Aegean, Ionian futhi iziLwandle Adriatic.

izintaba-mlilo

Pro ngezwi emelela kuqhuma, ukuthi kuyinqubo eziyinkimbinkimbi ngokwengeziwe ezihilela ukuhamba magma yaziwa.

Ikakhulukazi eziningi kubo ezonini Pacific. Futhi, e-Indonesia, eMelika Ephakathi Japan, kukhona inombolo enkulu yezintaba-mlilo. Linani selilonkhe lebantfu labange kusezweni 600 esebenza mayelana 1000 belele.

Cishe 7% abantu abasemhlabeni bahlala eduze nezintaba-mlilo eziqhumayo. Futhi, kukhona izintaba-mlilo ngwenya. Baziwa ku amabanga of maphakathi no-ulwandle.

izindawo eziyingozi Russian - Kuril Islands, eKamchatka, Sakhalin. Futhi eCaucasus, kukhona izintaba-mlilo yokuqothulwa.

Kuyaziwa ukuthi ngesikhathi nezintaba-mlilo eziqhumayo samanje ziqhuma eminyakeni 10-15 mayelana 1 izikhathi.

sehlelwe inhlekelele enjalo - kuyingozi kakhulu futhi nenhlekelele esabekayo.

isiphetho

Muva nje, ukuqothuka kwezinwele okungavamile kuphelile zemvelo kanye ngokuphazima kweso lapho izinga lokushisa kukhona abangane njalo lwezinto eziphilayo emhlabeni. Futhi zonke lezi zinkanyezi kuthiwa zingenze kakhulu emhlabeni. Ngakho-ke, ushintsho esikhathini esizayo Geophysical kanye sezulu, ebizwa engozini enkulu ukuba khona kwabo bonke abantu, kuzo zonke izizwe zidinga ukuzimisela njalo ukwenza esibucayi. On izilinganiso ezithile zesayensi, abantu bayakwazi abhekane nemiphumela ikusasa izenzakalo ezinjalo.