Cortinarius amahle - ukhunta ebulalayo. Incazelo nesithombe

Niye nezwa lokhu ukhunta njengoba cortinarius? Futhi kuvela ukuthi okubulalayo! Yekuchumana kungatholakala esihlokweni.

Cortinarius amahle - ebulalayo amakhowe ezinobuthi

Izithombe ukhunta umelwe ukuba ukunakwa kwakho kulesi sihloko. Cortinarius amahle (obomvu) - kuyinto ezinesihlungu mushroom bohlobo cortinarius, cortinariaceae umndeni. Ngo abantu, futhi ibizwa nangokuthi i pribolotnikom. Abakwazi ukudla noma yiluphi uhlobo uluhlaza noma uphekwe, ngoba ubuthi ekhona kubo, avuse ukuthuthukiswa ukwehluleka kwezinso. Lokhu bohlobo liba okungenani 40 zilwane. Ezinye ezibhekwa anobuthi, abanye ezidliwayo futhi abanye - kunemibandela ezidliwayo. Ngu izimpawu kwangaphandle amakhowe enjalo iyafana, ngakho ngokuvamile they phambanisa. Lokhu kusikisela ukuthi akukuhle ukuqoqa ngaphandle kolwazi efanele futhi cortinarius nesikhunta bebonke. Futhi ukuze unquma ukusebenzisa a amakhowe ukudla, udinga ukuba 100% ukuthi iziphi uthola cortinarius.

Kuze 1950s kwakucatshangwa ukuthi lezi amakhowe zingafundwa njengoba ukudla. Kwakungenxa nje ngenxa yobuningi lezehlakalo ezibikwe ngo-1957 nge ubuthi cortinarius orange-bomvu, futhi kamuva cortinarius enhle, kwanqunywa ukuba acele ukhunta kuya ezinobuthi esibulalayo. Lezi zinhlobo ezimbili kukhona kwesinobuthi kakhulu.

ukubukeka

Ububanzi cap zokhahlamba kusuka 4 kuya ku-9 cm, iqala kusukela ukuma oyindilinga ku ogelezayo flat esakaza, maphakathi ne tubercle. Olwelwesini ezomile, Velvety futhi matte nge isakhiwo fibrous. Umbala - ngokubomvu orange noma iba nsundu ngokubomvu, central okuyingxenye kuba mnyama. Lapho contact ngamanzi ayikhuphuki ngosayizi.

Lezi zingqimba yatshalwa ezingavamile, zingabantu ububanzi, obukhulu. Ekuqaleni, umbala isigqoko ke yashintsha Tan. amakhowe Young kungabonwa isigubungelo arachnoid umbala ophuzi-ocher.

Umlenze cylindrical, okwandisa noma tapering ngasesinqeni, nge nobude bawo 60-100 mm kanye ukushuba 4-10 mm. On the enamathela fibrous kungatholakala Curves amabhande umbala cishe ophuzi.

Indaphundaphu has a kwe-tint elikhanyayo esawolintshi noma ephuzi-ensundu iphunga ezimbi.

Okulandelayo ku-impikiswano iba nsundu ngokubomvu umbala. ubungako bawo - 8-8.5 microns, ifomu - ezibanzi okweqanda noma cishe uyisiyingi, nge warty olwelwesini. Heylotsistidy cishe ziphinde zenzeke.

lapho likhula

Cortinarius amahle - ukhunta ocekayo itholakala e-Europe ezindaweni eziningi. Ezindaweni zethu etshalwa ezindaweni ezimaphakathi, kanye nasezintabeni ezisenyakatho ingxenye. Ungase uphawule lezi isikhunta ezindaweni sezintaba, emagqumeni. Ziyakwazi sasivumela ezingavamile.

Indlela yokutshala

Iningi le ukhunta uyakhula oki namahlathi ubudala coniferous, lapho ukukhanya okwandile nenhlabathi sandy. Raw oluhlaza sonwele ugodo nge sphagnum moss futhi esikahle sokukhula.

ezinhlamvu Toxic kungenziwa kwashabalala kwezinye izindawo by ukusakaza emoyeni kanye okuholela ethintekayo contact. amafomu Mycorrhiza nge ngesihlahla sonwele.

Fruiting kusuka Julayi, kuze ukwakheka ngesisekelo frost kuqala. Eduze cortinarius amaqoqo amahle kungathola nezinye izinhlobo isikhunta bohlobo lwe.

Cortinarius amahle - ebulalayo amakhowe ezinobuthi: Izinhlobo

Kungatholakala kubhalwe emasimini ethu futhi 40 zinhlobo isikhunta bohlobo lwe-, no-2 kuphela wabo adliwayo. Ezinye zazo ziyingozi ukuze kufanisa ukuba pantherina Amanita. Abaningi kakhulu amakhowe umane engenakudliwa ngobubi bawo.

Thola umehluko phakathi kwazo zonke lezi zinhlobo can kuphela ochwepheshe, okusikisela ukuthi kungcono ukuthola round kubo.

kwezinto ezifanayo

Cortinarius entabeni - kwenye mushroom ezinesihlungu, ukusetshenziswa okungase kubangele ukufa. Ububanzi ikhanda layo - 30-80 mm, kuqala convex, nalapho ukhunta aluphala, ngalesosikhathi it phathelana ukuma flat, maphakathi ingxenye idolo flat. Ungqimba olungaphandle - ezomile. Umbala kuhluka ophuzi onsundu ukuze ngokubomvu brown. Ukuphakama ngezinyawo - 40-90 mm, nobubanzi balo - 10-20 mm. Ezansi vele. Ingaphezulu cap fibrous nasemilenzeni.

Cortinarius ezidliwayo - uhlobo mushroom edliwayo. Igama lakhe lesibili - kwakhahlela. hat lakhe 50-80 milimitha obukhulu isakhiwo esinamanzi nge imiphetho curled emhlabathini. Njengoba uthola a flat, kancane bacindezelekile ifomu umjikeleto wemphilo. umbala yaso greyish-white, kanye ebusweni - ezimanzi. Umlenze has a ukuphakama 20-30 mm ububanzi 15-20 mm, kuba obukhulu, ngaphandle eguqa.

isikhwehlela Cortinarius - mushroom kunemibandela ezidliwayo. Akumele kudidaniswe cortinarius lwamafinyila. Hat has a ububanzi 100-120 mm. Ekuqaleni kwalo has simise insimbi, eyagcina iba flat nge onqenqemeni lwalugobile. Umbala cap uyahluka ophuzi, onsundu kanye brown. Yonke mushroom embozwe isikhwehlela. Umlenze ifinyelela 200 mm ubude, ke ungathi shank. umbala Ezazimzungezile - omhlophe, ihlangana ephethe tinge bluish. On umlenze kungathola izinhlayiya ngesimo izigaxa amasongo.

Kukhona olunye uhlobo olufanayo obubulalayo - Cortinarius splendens. Akuve ezingavamile. Its Kulula ukuthola ku isigqoko elikhanyayo aphuzi, isikhwehlela uvikelekile. Found emahlathini coniferous.

webcaps Lethal (mushroom ebulalayo ezinesihlungu, kwezinto ezifanayo zazo ziye ethulwa ukunakwa kwakho ngenhla) Ungase futhi kudidaniswe ezinye efanelekayo ukusetshenziswa by isikhunta. It hygrophorus njengegazi, mlechnik camphor bese uthayipha Armillaria - armillyariya glubnieva. Umehluko omkhulu kusukela ezinesihlungu mushroom Armillaria iyatholakala emlenzeni ocher yakhe amabhande amapuleti abomvu - kusukela Armillaria asemhlophe noma ogodweni ophuzi.

ngezigaba

Yini enye ngalokhu ukhunta njengoba webcaps ebulalayo laziwe? Deadly ezinesihlungu mushroom, ngezigaba okubandakanya idatha elandelayo:

• Superkingdom - eukaryotes.
• Kingdom - amakhowe.
• Subkingdom - isikhunta ngaphezulu.
• Division - Basidiomycetes.
• Yegatsha - Agarikomikotina.
• Class - agaricomycetes.
• Subclass - agaricales.
• Umkhaya - cortinariaceae.
• Rod - cortinarius.
• Subgenus - Leprotsibe.
• Buka - cortinarius enhle.
• Umhlaba Scientific Name: Cortinarius rubellus Cooke.

ezinobuthi

Cortinarius amahle - a ezingavamile ebulalayo amakhowe anobuthi, equkethe esinamandla kakhulu ubuthi polypeptide eziyinkimbinkimbi - orellanine. Akaphelelwa izinga layo ngemva kokucubungula anobuthi okushisa aphakeme, uyibeka endaweni esidi, nezinye omiswe. I ubuthi ancipha kakhulu kuphela ngaphansi kwethonya kwelanga kanye emisebeni ultraviolet. Lokhu ukhunta iqukethe 7.5 mg orellanine ngalinye 1 g ukhunta omisiwe.

Ochwepheshe bakholelwa ukuthi ngaphezu orellanine, amakhowe kukhona eminye 2 polypeptide - kortinarin A no-B, belinganisa sebuningini ekhombisa in izikhalazo nesineke. Ukuba khona ngokuhlanganyela kulezi zingxenye ezintathu ezikhonjwe ezimbili kuphela izinhlobo umndeni isikhunta: webcaps ezibulalayo (ngokubomvu) kanye orange-bomvu.

Izimpawu main, futhi ngokushesha kangakanani zivela

Ngenxa yenani elikhulu izifundo, kunqunywa ukuthi umzimba omkhulu, esithinta orellanine kukhona efihlekile. Ngenxa ngokuhlanganyela yayo nge metabolites ukuchayeka, izinso EPITHELIAL cell akhiqiza free radicals, kukhona ukubhujiswa cell ulwelwesi, okusithiyayo of phosphatase ane-alikhali futhi odala amaprotheni, kanye ukulimala DNA ne-RNA izakhiwo.

Ukulimala umzimba kungabangela ngisho inani elincane umkhiqizo. 40 g of amakhowe asanda abelethwe, Ukudla, kungaholela ekufeni. Yingakho ukuze asindise ukuphila kwakhe kunconywa ukuba banake cortinarius sinombala-obomvu umbala, uphinde uqoqe amakhowe nhlobo osolisayo.

Lwasemtholampilo isithombe lesi sifo orellaninovogo ixhomeke ezifweni ngakunye ushevu. Uma kwenzeka ubuthi nge webcaps ebulalayo kunezigaba ezine lesi sifo.

ingozi Special ubuthi orellanine wukuthi izimpawu ngenxa contact yayo nge umzimba singenzeka kuphela emva kwesikhathi eside uma sekwephuze kakhulu, futhi wonke umuntu uyolikhohlwa mayelana nokusetshenziswa amakhowe ngokuphepha. Kunezikhathi lapho izimpawu zenzeka emva kwezinsuku 7-14. Phakathi ushevu nesineke bangezwa isicanucanu, nesidingo esikhulu sezindawo isiphuzo, umuzwa ukoma nokusha emlonyeni, lapho kungenzeka ukuhlanza, ukubonakaliswa ubuhlungu esiswini. Lesi simo okungatheni kungase kuhlale 1 2 amaviki. Uma isikhathi akusho ukucela usizo, it is asikabi ekufeni. Ezimweni ekhethekile, lapho isimo lesiguli inzima kakhulu, ukufa, zingaba khona izinyanga ngisho nangemva 5 ngemuva kosuku ukusetshenziswa amakhowe ezinobuthi.

Endabeni esiteji iDemo-ebulalayo, zingakapheli izinsuku ezingu-2-3, ezakhiwe ukwehluleka oyingozi kwezinso nge oligoanuricheskim eside esiteji. Iningi uhlushwa izifo izingane nasebekhulile.

Uma nephropathy lugcinwa isikhathi eside, e 30-50% of izimo, kulandelwa kumiswa ifomu njalo nokwehluleka ukusebenza kwezinso.