Amagama izinyoni zasehlathini. Qamba futhi zezinyoni. izinyoni Russia

Iplanethi yethu kuhlale izinyoni eziningi, ogama lakhe ngezinye izikhathi asazi ngisho zizwile. Ziyakwazi yonke indawo: emahlathini, izintaba, amathafa, ku emikhawulweni nezilwandle ngisho emathafeni ase-abandayo. Izinhlobonhlobo leli qembu izilwane emhlabeni omkhulu kangangokuthi, isibonelo, kuphela endaweni Russian Federation ungahlangana abameleli abavela ezingaphezu kuka-400, kuhlanganise ixazululwe hhayi kuphela, kodwa futhi izinyoni ezifudukayo, izithombe ezinamagama okuyinto etholakala kalula kule Atlas.

passerine

Ngokuthakazelisayo, ezingaphezu kuka-50% azo zonke izinhlobo zezinyoni basonta passerine oda, okuyinto bead ezincane kunazo zonke (6 g), kanye elikhulu - Raven (1.5 kg). Kunezinhlobo ezine zenyathi icula, polupevchie nokuklabalasa (omashiqela) kanye shirokoklyuvye (boatbill). Imikhuba kanye Umdwebo izinyoni, kuhlanganise izinkuni, wehlukile kakhulu, futhi lapho kuculwa ngamaphimbo nalapho umxhwele kakhulu kwabesilisa ngifuna. Ziyakwazi bokuqala abafika esikhethiwe indawo yokwakha isidleke, futhi ngokuhlabelela kwawo ngamaphimbo ubheke insimu futhi akhange izinsikazi. Ezinye izinhlobo zawo, ezifana starlings futhi surto, bayakwazi ukukopisha amazwi izinyoni ezahlukene futhi amanye amagama yokukhuluma yethu. Ubiquitous.

Ezinye passerines ngesikhathi ezibhuzayo isidleke siphile, kodwa izinhlobo eziningi ngazimbili. Indawo: kukhetsa lesishaya tonkhe besilisa, kanye zenyathi ezahlukene uthanda salokhu eziyize, amagatsha esihlahla, amadwala, izimbobo emhlabathini, amatshe nokunye. Lokuzaliswa kwenzeka entwasahlobo noma ehlobo, nakuba, isibonelo, crossbill abamesabi abandayo, futhi uma ukudla okwanele (sonwele and kaphayini Izigaxa ), ke izidleke, ngisho ngoJanuwari.

Zonke passerines ngokuthini amaphuphu ukuthi zizalwa cishe embozwe izibhamu ukukhanya, abayizithulu futhi abayizimpumputhe, kodwa kakhulu nokukhula masinya. Fed abasha, nezimbongolokazi, owesilisa. Ngezinye izinsuku 10-15, ephelezelwa abazali izingane fly esidlekeni; the izinhlobo isidleke emigodini, kwenzeka ngemva kwesikhashana - izinsuku 20-25.

Amagama izinyoni ezikubhizinisi passerine, njalo ukuzwa: undlunkulu, chickadee, oriole, ukugwinya, Starling, wagtail, oatmeal, njll elikhulu ungakwazi ukuhlukanisa igwababa, jay, ukhadinali. Thrush, Fieldfare.

Bird amapaki, izingadi, izimfunda namasimu

Unit inyoni passerine akha izingadi namapaki edolobheni, bahlala amasimu kanye nezimfunda. Ihlathi nethafa abamele ngokuvamile owayemude encane, kukhona izinyoni granivorous futhi insectivorous. It songbirds imilenze esifushane ukuthi zivumelane ngokuphelele ngiyijwayele impilo emithini. Emasimini, emahlathini okuxubile, parkland kanye izingadi, ungakwazi ngokuvamile ubone inyoni, Starling, rook, bullfinch Igwababa ecula, izinyoni, Finch, jackdaw, kanye nabanye abameleli abaningi oda. Amagama izinyoni zaziwa kithi kusukela ebuntwaneni.

Imikhaya eminingi iye ngokuphawulekayo bazivumelanisa nemibandela evulekile lapho kungekho imithi emide. Lezi zihlanganisa Skylark, oatmeal, inyoni ye-pheasant, intendele nabanye. Hamba expanses emasimini beyofuna izinyoka namagundane ezincane, izikhova abazingeli, Harriers, asemaqeleni amanqe.

Zonke izinyoni ezivulekile e bebodwa ingashintshwa ukuze imvelo. Ezinye zazo yilezi uhamba kakhulu emhlabathini, hhayi kuphela ziyofuna ukudla, kodwa futhi ukubaleka isitha, cishe ngaphandle esebenzisa amaphiko. Balahlekelwe ikhono ukundiza, kodwa babe nemilenze eqinile ngeminwe esifushane, okuyinto enomthelela Ukusheshisa agobhozayo, ukumba emhlabathini. Ukuze leli qembu izinyoni Galliformes (grouse inyoni ye-pheasant, grouse Guinea inyoni, Kraksi), izintshe nabanye eyakhe.

Imini nobusuku "flying" Lendzawo zinezikhathi amaphiko ezinamandla kanye claws abukhali ebasiza ukuzingela. Leli qembu kuhlanganisa oklebe, ama-kite abamnyama, oklebe, izikhova, edlelweni kanye CAD ensimini, nokunye.

izinyoni asemaqeleni

asemaqeleni Russian welulela yonke indlela kusukela ogwini loLwandle ka Azov futhi oLwandle Olumnyama eziNtabeni Zase-Ural, futhi kungokwemvelo lokho ezivulekile enjalo uhlalwe ezihlukahlukene zezinyoni. Asemaqeleni nethafa zezinyoni futhi sinikeza igama, baphoqwa ukuba baqaphe. Vula isikhala engacebile kakhulu ezindaweni zokukhosela, ngakho kwesinye isikhathi kungasebenza kuphela yokusabela esheshayo kanye indiza Ungagcina inyoni kusukela isitha.

Kusukela asemaqeleni nethafa zinhlobo ukuhambisa okuningi otshanini efuna ukudla, imilenze yabo ngokwanele kule ukuthuthukiswa. Ngaphandle partridges ukuba asemaqeleni zinyoni :. Demoiselle, itshe Curlew, bustard kancane, nobudlelwano noziningweni, bustard, njll Ngobuchule kufihlwe utshani ngenxa "sifihle" umbala izibaya futhi zitholakala kalula ukudla basesigodini esivundile asemaqeleni nenhlabathi. Izitshalo nezinambuzane - ukudla okuyisisekelo, kodwa izinyoni izithombe inyamazane nge amagama okuyinto ingatholakala kunoma iyiphi incwadi zisizakala ngezinyamazane izinyoka, amasele namagundane, nakuba ziziningi omkhulu, futhi ungapheli ukunganakwa ingcuba. Ezinye izinhlobo zezinyoni zakhele zabo ngqo emhlabathini, futhi ezinkulu ezizingelayo - ezihlahleni ezingavamile kulezi zindawo.

ehlane izinyoni

Ehlane, izinyoni kancane, ngoba abazi bayoma. Ngo eningizimu yeRussia Astrakhan esifundeni kanye Kalmykia empumalanga kukhona ehlane ezindaweni sichichima izimila futhi umswakama kuphela entwasahlobo. Zizwe ukhululekile ngokwanele ngokufuna izimo izinyoni ezifana izinkukhu ehlane, bustard, warbler, asemaqeleni ukhozi. On ezindaweni emngceleni oseduze yamanzi isidleke Umkhomo, ahlanzekile agcwele izinhlanzi namahansi thulisa, amadada Ilanda.

Ingasaphathwa ukundiza inyoni enkulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni - intshe Afrika, ezinesisindo esingaba ezingaphezu kuka-150 kg. Evolution abanakekela ke, enikeza nentamo ende i umbono omuhle isimo sezwe kanye nomlenze enamandla ukugijima fast and ukushaya abaphikisi phakathi kokulwa. izintshe Phila imindeni eminingi; zidla izimila, izinambuzane, izibankwa, namagundane, kodwa iyakwazi izinsalela izilwane ezidla ezinye ukudla. Indaba Funny ngalokho izintshe ngaphansi zifihle amakhanda esihlabathini - nje ihlaya, kodwa nabesifazane amabhu at the emehlweni ingozi ngokoqobo isicaba emhlabathini, yokuzama ukuthola ilungelo lokuba ongabonakali. Ngenxa ukushisa ehlobo ehlane izinyoni ezihamba ebusuku, futhi ebusika - ntambama, lapho ukushisa.

izinyoni zasehlathini

Ihlathi Izinyoni zakha izidleke zazo ezihlahleni ehlathini, kanye emigodini. izimila bok ngabo hhayi kuphela indawo yokuhlala, kodwa endaweni yokuthi kukhiqizwa ukudla okungakanani. Ngakho-ke imilenze ezinhlotsheni eziningi zezinto eziphilayo ahlelwe ngendlela yokuthi kulula ukubamba egatsheni. Izici ezivamile yizona imisila eside namaphiko ezibanzi saba ngokushesha suka, yehlisa excreting ngobuqili aqondisa phakathi kwamagatsha obukhulu. Ngu ihlathi izinyoni zihlanganisa iningi passerine, Iziqophamithi, izikhova futhi kurinoobraznyh.

Ngo ekhuphuka mpo iziqu yezinyoni izimpiko ibukhali futhi lwalugobile. Ezinye izihloko izinyoni zasehlathini kuleli qembu libhekene indlela ukunyakaza (nuthatches). Ukuze sisekele futhi ibhalansi pikas futhi Iziqophamithi usebenzise umsila, futhi chickadees, zintaka futhi ezinye Pichugov, ukuthola ukudla, kungaba okwesikhashana emagatsheni ngezansi. Abantu abahlukumeza abanye Wild yokuzingela zindiza, noma ngokushesha bewa inyamazane yawo.

izinyoni ezidla yehlathi

Izici sici imini nobusuku ihlathi izilwane ezidla ezinye ibukhali uqhwaku ungumlutha kanye claws eside imilenze enamandla. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuthi awaboni kakhulu futhi ukuzwa.

Ezinye amagama izinyoni Russian okuqondene izilwane ezidla ezinye ihlathi: izikhova, isikhova seqhwa, isikhova, uju Buzzard, Buzzard, goshawk nabanye.

Umsuka amagama izinyoni

Amagama izinyoni kungukuthi ukhethwa nomaphi: cishe bonke of them embonweni ukuba khona kunoma yiziphi izici ekhethekile kwaphawula abantu. Ngokwesibonelo, izwi kanye ukucula isitayela kukhona amagama cuckoo (cuckoo), chizhu (chi-chi), titmouse (blue-hsin), Rook (gra-gra), noziningweni, ama-gull, lapwings, nezinye izinyoni eziningi.

Ukuze isici izimpaphe kanye inyoni ithole igama Urals: Greenfinch, grouse redstart (jay), kanye Pichugov ezifana flytrap, uju Buzzard futhi nutcracker kubeka wuphi umbono mayelana abadla ngayo. Wagtail futhi vertigolovku kalula zihlukaniswa ukuziphatha, kodwa indawo ezinye izinyoni lokushutheka ngokoqobo etshaliwe igama lakhe: Ukugwinya, Sand Martin Burrows osebeni okusezingeni eliphezulu, futhi warbler kufihlwe izimila aminyene echibini.

Kulula ukukhumbula amagama izinyoni izingane uma okusikhumbuza imisindo wukukhanya, isibonelo, uma uhamba, njengomuntu Indwandwe. Uhamba kancane eduze udaka ixhaphozi, njengokuthi "Chapa" kakhulu ephakamisa imilenze emide, nolimi lwesigodi angadle ngabuhle obutheni Ushintshe igama le nyoni "Chaplya" ku Indwandwe. Noma uma ehambisana, isibonelo, ne iqhwa wasuka umsuka igama bullfinch inyoni.

Kodwa abazingeli bazi ukuthi ibizo lakhe lalingu-grouse: lapho tokuet ke ngakho abathintekayo ukuthi ngokoqobo abayizithulu futhi akazange ukuzwa lomsindo eliyingozi eliqhubekayo. Kodwa lapho kuphumula, ujikela wonke ku-akhawunti.

Ngesikhathi amagama izindawo kwasakazwa izinyoni ezifana Finch robin. izintaka Little ezindiza futhi fly kubanda kakhulu nezinyanga ezibandayo, ngakho basuke okuthiwa kahle, nakuba ngokwanele eziqinile. A robin, okuvame luhlala emasimini eduze abantu, ukucula sonorous ihlangabezana ekuseni nakusihlwa entathakusa.

bullfinch

umsuka Ongajwayelekile futhi Russian of igama bullfinch inyoni, ngoba ifika sakithi ebusika, ne iqhwa, futhi lapho kufika intwasahlobo izimpukane ebumnyameni amahlathi coniferous. Bullfinch ubulokhu uhlotshaniswa nge kufike uNyaka Omusha, ukuze isithombe krasnopuzogo encane kuhlobisa izinto zangamalanga, ukuhlobisa amakhadi Christmas eziyisikhumbuzo.

Izinyoni siwuhlobo zezintaka futhi bahlala amaphakethe, njalo yokushaya nezinye ikhwela ngamunye. Winter kwenzeka ngisho amapaki edolobheni. Kuzala lapho kuqala ukushisa emahlathini alpine kanye Boreal ezintaba zase-Eurasia, eCaucasus, le Carpathians. It udla amajikijolo, imbewu, efihlekile ezihlahla.

Waterfowl

izinyoni Water, izithombe, esimagama aso ezibalwe ngezansi - lawa izinyoni ukuthi bayakwazi ukuntanta emanzini. Abanaso zihlanganisa izinhlobo ukuthi kuphela ezitholakala amadamu ukudla. Ngenxa indlela ekhethekile ukuphila kwabo zinezikhathi izici ezivamile: iminwe leWebhu, izimpaphe obukhulu namafutha indlala secretory, indawo yezihlanganisi izimpaphe.

Isihloko Waterfowl ngokunembile amayunithi lisuselwa omele bhá :. Anseriformes, Pelecaniformes, gagaroobraznye, seagull, pingvinoobraznye njll ukudla inhlanzi, izimbaza, amaxoxo, ulwelwe, lapho ukuthola licwila emanzini njengoba cormorants futhi diving noma sokukhipha kuphela ikhanda njengoba ahlanzekile agcwele izinhlanzi namahansi kanye amadada. Ama-seagull kungaba sithiye impukane, usungene shí emanzini kuphela umlomo.

izinyoni zasemanzini Russia

Yande ensimini ka WaseRussia kukhona Waterfowl, izithombe kanye namagama iningi okuyinto ujwayelene kuwo wonke umuntu. Nakuba iningi ziyafuduka :. Ducks, goose, ahlanzekile agcwele izinhlanzi namahansi, njll Ekupheleni ehlobo iqala kufuduka asebenzayo yezinyoni emanzini ubusika ezindaweni. By endleleni, abanye amalungu aleli qembu ukuchitha isikhathi esiningi sonyaka kude olwandle, abuyele ogwini kuphela ukuzalaniswa kwamahhashi kanye ukuchamisela (ezinye amadada). Habitat angababaza kufanele kubhekwe Sakhalin, le Kuril Islands, eKamchatka, eCrimea nezinye izindawo amanzi amaningi amadamu.

izinyoni Russian zasemanzini abamagama eside tailed nedada kanye ne eider amadada, bahlala Yakutia futhi Chukotka ogwini echibini. Kanye esidlekeni iVolga: moorhen, pochard obomvu-onesiqhova, grebe omkhulu onesiqhova, grey ihansi, nefukezi thulisa, coot.

red bird

Esikhathini ezihlukahlukene izinyoni uqokomisa izinyoni obomvu, egama layo linguJehova exotic kakhulu, kanye izimpaphe elikhanyayo. Uma udali yethu, crossbill futhi bullfinches kancane ababethi le umbala, flamingo, Tanagra, Virginian Cardinal, Southern Red Bishop, Inkonde isuke - cishe ngokuphelele obomvu. Iningi lezi zinyoni uhlala e-amahlathi emvula eningizimu Melika, Hawaii nezinye iziqhingi, Australia nase-Afrika. Bheka passerine, ploceidae, phoenicopteriformes, Ciconiiformes kanye nezinye izinhlobo.

izici ezithakazelisayo zezinyoni

zinhlobo ezahlukene zezinyoni, ngaphezu kwakho konke, usayizi umzimba ezahlukene, ukuma Uqhwaku, izimpaphe umbala ndawo. Zonke izici Kunzima ukuchaza kafushane ukuthi kungani silithinte ezimbalwa nje. Ngokuthakazelisayo, uqhwaku of each bazana yakhelwe ngendlela yokuthi likwazi ukuhlukaniseka kalula ukuzenzela ukudla. Ngenxa yalokho, ngokwahlukana iphutha morphological lithathelwe izinyoni ifomu uqhwaku ngemacembu 14, phakathi kwawo: omnivores, abadobi, ezidla, cutwater, mowers ukusuthisa imbewu AmaConifers, umpe noma izithelo, scavengers, nezinye carnivores.

Ngenxa yalokho observation, kwathiwa waphawula yini ukuthi abanye izinyoni babe ingqondo emangalisayo lokucabanga nelokusungula. Ngakho, seagull kanye iqhude ekutholeni izimbaza noma amantongomane, wamphakamisa emoyeni bese aphonswe phansi ukuzobhidliza, ngokuphinda le zokukhwabanisa izikhathi eziningana. A butorides ukuheha izinhlanzi lolo uphonsa emanzini ngesimo amagatsha noma amahlamvu. Zopholi, surto futhi Ehlasela amenable ukuba ukufunda inkulumo yomuntu, bese Dyatlov esondweni isebenzisa Wand mncane ukukhetha evulekile ufa emagxolweni esihlahleni ngihoshe izinambuzane.

Indima izinyoni ngokwemvelo futhi indoda

Okushiwo izinyoni ngokwemvelo kungenzeki inciphe: uxhumana futhi izilwane, ukwakha ubudlelwano eziyinkimbinkimbi kunikela ukuzihlela nokuzivumelanisa kwemvelo. Izinyoni ukusiza zisakaze imbewu, kanti ezinye izinhlobo zezimbali cross-impova.

Izinyoni ezidla ezinye ukugcina namagundane sithole ibhalansi. Futhi sibonga Pichugov ezidla izinambuzane, ukudla amacimbi kanti izibungu semiphakathi eminingi kuyagcinwa, okubalwa imfuyo, okuyinto iyasiza abantu. Ngakho wamukela zonke izinhlobo izinyathelo ukongiwa zezinto eziphilayo ezihlukahlukene izinyoni, kanye nemvelo reserves zidalwe.